DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Change and Sea Level Rise; Coastal Vulnerability and Societal Impacts Workshop in English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise; Coastal Vulnerability and Societal Impacts Workshop in English CHAIRE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE - ENVIRONNEMENT, ENERGIE ET SOCIÉTÉ Professeur Anny Cazenave Titulaire, année académique 2012-2013 Climate change and sea level rise; Coastal vulnerability and societal impacts Workshop in english Sea level rise represents a major threat of on-going and 10 June 11 June future global warming for 09h30 Objectives of the Workshop 09h00 Extreme Sea Levels; Past and Future low-lying, highly populated Anny Cazenave, Collège de France Svetlana Jevrejeva, National Oceanography Center coastal regions worldwide. 09h45 Present-day Global Mean Sea Level Rise; (United Kingdom) Under the combined effects Observations and Causes 09h30 Sediment Dynamics and Coastal Zone Management of human-induced factors Anny Cazenave, Collège de France Patrice Walker, CREOCEAN (France) and natural phenomena, 10h05 Regional Variability: Causes for Contemporary Regional 10h00 Coastal Vulnerability of Asian Mega Deltas: some coastal regions already Sea Level Changes Natural Delta System versus Human-influenced suffer from shoreline erosion Detlef Stammer, Institute of Oceanography, University Recent Changes and submersion. Moreover, of Hamburg (Germany) Yoshiki Saito, Geological Survey of Japan (Japan) in addition to a global mean 10h45 Regional Sea Level Variations Due to Post Glacial Rebound 10h30 Rising Sea Level: the Dutch Strategy on how to Cope elevation, sea level presents an and Solid Earth Response to Ongoing Land Ice Melt with Climate Change in the 21st Century important regional variability Giorgio Spada, Urbino University (Italy) Marcel Stive, Faculty of Civil Engineering and that, in some areas, amplifies Geosciences (CITG), Delft University of Technology the rate of sea level rise. 11h15 Vertical Crustal Motions of the Earth’s Crust: Processes and Observations (The Netherlands) Guy Woppelmann, University of La Rochelle (France) 11h00 Break During this workshop, we will 11h45 Apparent Sea Level Rise and Earthquakes 11h30 Risk Management: an Opportunity for Adaptation to present the most recent updates Valérie Ballu, University of La Rochelle (France) Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Zones about sea level observations 12h00 Total Relative Sea Level Changes since 1950 Jean-Pierre Savard, OURANOS (Consortium on and projections for the next in Different Regions of the World Ocean Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate few decades, highlighting the Benoit Meyssignac, LEGOS (Laboratoire d’Etudes en Change, Canada) importance of the regional Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, France) 12h00 Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: from variability. We will provide 12h30 Lunch Observations to Public Policies in France a synthesis of the various Nicole Lenôtre, BRGM (France) phenomena causing shoreline 14h00 The Driving Factors of Coastal Evolution – 12h30 The French Coastal Environment: Land Use, modifications on interannual Toward a Systemic Approach Coastal Conservation, Demographic Pressure, Risks to multidecadal time scales Manuel Garcin, BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, France) and Consequences of Climate Change and will discuss the causes of Sebastien Colas, Ministère de l’Ecologie observed shoreline erosion for 14h30 Sea Level Rise Effects on Coastal Erosion: et du Développement durable (France) the past few decades. More Review of Observations for the Past Few Decades 13h00 Lunch break focused presentations about Gonéri Le Cozannet, BRGM (France) 14h30 From Climate Change Hypothesis to the Sizing impacts of sea level rise will 15h00 Sea Level Projections (Global and Regional) of Coastal Infrastructures be provided for a number of for the 21st Century Michel Benoit, Laboratoire Saint Venant-EDF, Cetmef, coastal regions (Netherlands, David Salas, CNRM-Météo France (Centre national Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées (France) Asian deltas, tropical atolls, de recherches météorologiques, France) 15h00 Societal and Economic Impacts of Sea Level Rise Quebec and France), with focus 15h30 Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to Future Vincent Viguié, CIRED (Centre international de on economical and societal Sea Level Rise Recherche sur l’Environnement et le Développement, consequences as well as on Catherine Ritz, LGGE (Laboratoire de Glaciologie France) potential adaptation strategies. et Géophysique de l’Environnement), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble (France) 15h30 General Discussion; 16h00 Break Recommendations for Future Research 16h30 Modelling the Future Total Relative Sea Level 16h00 End of the workshop of the 21st Century at Regional/Local Scale Roderik van der Val, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research - Utrecht (IMAU), University of Utrecht (The Netherlands) Chaire créée 17h00 Forecasting Climate and Sea Level Changes on Decadal avec le soutien de Time Scale; State of the Art and Limitations Philippe Rogel, CERFACS (Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Amphithéâtre Marguerite de Navarre Scientifique, France) 11, place Marcelin-Berthelot, 75005 Paris 17h30 Adjourn www.college-de-france.fr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Sea-Level Budget 1993–Present
    Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1551–1590, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Global sea-level budget 1993–present WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Correspondence: Anny Cazenave ([email protected]) Received: 13 April 2018 – Discussion started: 15 May 2018 Revised: 31 July 2018 – Accepted: 1 August 2018 – Published: 28 August 2018 Abstract. Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to un- forced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g., acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled “Re- gional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts”, an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These datasets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates, and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research.
    [Show full text]
  • SEASAT Geoid Anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge Complex Larry Ruff *
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 38 (1985) 59-69 59 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands SEASAT geoid anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge complex Larry Ruff * Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (U.S.A.) Anny Cazenave CNES-GRGS, 18Ave. Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31055 (France) (Received August 10, 1984; revision accepted September 5, 1984) Ruff, L. and Cazenave, A., 1985. SEASAT geoid anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge complex. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 38: 59-69. The seismically active Macquarie Ridge complex forms the Pacific-India plate boundary between New Zealand and the Pacific-Antarctic spreading center. The Late Cenozoic deformation of New Zealand and focal mechanisms of recent large earthquakes in the Macquarie Ridge complex appear consistent with the current plate tectonic models. These models predict a combination of strike-slip and convergent motion in the northern Macquarie Ridge, and strike-slip motion in the southern part. The Hjort trench is the southernmost expression of the Macquarie Ridge complex. Regional considerations of the magnetic lineations imply that some oceanic crust may have been consumed at the Hjort trench. Although this arcuate trench seems inconsistent with the predicted strike-slip setting, a deep trough also occurs in the Romanche fracture zone. Geoid anomalies observed over spreading ridges, subduction zones, and fracture zones are different. Therefore, geoid anomalies may be diagnostic of plate boundary type. We use SEASAT data to examine the Maequarie Ridge complex and find that the geoid anomalies for the northern Hjort trench region are different from the geoid anomalies for the Romanche trough.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Level Change 13SM Supplementary Material
    Sea Level Change 13SM Supplementary Material Coordinating Lead Authors: John A. Church (Australia), Peter U. Clark (USA) Lead Authors: Anny Cazenave (France), Jonathan M. Gregory (UK), Svetlana Jevrejeva (UK), Anders Levermann (Germany), Mark A. Merrifield (USA), Glenn A. Milne (Canada), R. Steven Nerem (USA), Patrick D. Nunn (Australia), Antony J. Payne (UK), W. Tad Pfeffer (USA), Detlef Stammer (Germany), Alakkat S. Unnikrishnan (India) Contributing Authors: David Bahr (USA), Jason E. Box (Denmark/USA), David H. Bromwich (USA), Mark Carson (Germany), William Collins (UK), Xavier Fettweis (Belgium), Piers Forster (UK), Alex Gardner (USA), W. Roland Gehrels (UK), Rianne Giesen (Netherlands), Peter J. Gleckler (USA), Peter Good (UK), Rune Grand Graversen (Sweden), Ralf Greve (Japan), Stephen Griffies (USA), Edward Hanna (UK), Mark Hemer (Australia), Regine Hock (USA), Simon J. Holgate (UK), John Hunter (Australia), Philippe Huybrechts (Belgium), Gregory Johnson (USA), Ian Joughin (USA), Georg Kaser (Austria), Caroline Katsman (Netherlands), Leonard Konikow (USA), Gerhard Krinner (France), Anne Le Brocq (UK), Jan Lenaerts (Netherlands), Stefan Ligtenberg (Netherlands), Christopher M. Little (USA), Ben Marzeion (Austria), Kathleen L. McInnes (Australia), Sebastian H. Mernild (USA), Didier Monselesan (Australia), Ruth Mottram (Denmark), Tavi Murray (UK), Gunnar Myhre (Norway), J.P. Nicholas (USA), Faezeh Nick (Norway), Mahé Perrette (Germany), David Pollard (USA), Valentina Radić (Canada), Jamie Rae (UK), Markku Rummukainen (Sweden), Christian Schoof (Canada), Aimée Slangen (Australia/Netherlands), Jan H. van Angelen (Netherlands), Willem Jan van de Berg (Netherlands), Michiel van den Broeke (Netherlands), Miren Vizcaíno (Netherlands), Yoshihide Wada (Netherlands), Neil J. White (Australia), Ricarda Winkelmann (Germany), Jianjun Yin (USA), Masakazu Yoshimori (Japan), Kirsten Zickfeld (Canada) Review Editors: Jean Jouzel (France), Roderik van de Wal (Netherlands), Philip L.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Coastal Sea Level Offshore Hong Kong from Jason-2 Altimetry
    remote sensing Article Evaluation of Coastal Sea Level Offshore Hong Kong from Jason-2 Altimetry Xi-Yu Xu 1,2,3,*, Florence Birol 2 and Anny Cazenave 2,4 1 The CAS Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, France; fl[email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (A.C.) 3 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 4 International Space Science Institute, 3102 Bern, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6255-0409 Received: 23 November 2017; Accepted: 6 February 2018; Published: 12 February 2018 Abstract: As altimeter satellites approach coastal areas, the number of valid sea surface height measurements decrease dramatically because of land contamination. In recent years, different methodologies have been developed to recover data within 10–20 km from the coast. These include computation of geophysical corrections adapted to the coastal zone and retracking of raw radar echoes. In this paper, we combine for the first time coastal geophysical corrections and retracking along a Jason-2 satellite pass that crosses the coast near the Hong-Kong tide gauge. Six years and a half of data are analyzed, from July 2008 to December 2014 (orbital cycles 1–238). Different retrackers are considered, including the ALES retracker and the different retrackers of the PISTACH products. For each retracker, we evaluate the quality of the recovered sea surface height by comparing with data from the Hong Kong tide gauge (located 10 km away).
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Level: a Review of Present-Day and Recent-Past Changes and Variability
    Journal of Geodynamics 58 (2012) 96–109 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Geodynamics jo urnal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jog Review Sea level: A review of present-day and recent-past changes and variability ∗ Benoit Meyssignac , Anny Cazenave LEGOS-CNES, Toulouse, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: In this review article, we summarize observations of sea level variations, globally and regionally, during Received 12 December 2011 the 20th century and the last 2 decades. Over these periods, the global mean sea level rose at rates of Received in revised form 9 March 2012 1.7 mm/yr and 3.2 mm/yr respectively, as a result of both increase of ocean thermal expansion and land Accepted 10 March 2012 ice loss. The regional sea level variations, however, have been dominated by the thermal expansion factor Available online 19 March 2012 over the last decades even though other factors like ocean salinity or the solid Earth’s response to the last deglaciation can have played a role. We also present examples of total local sea level variations Keywords: that include the global mean rise, the regional variability and vertical crustal motions, focusing on the Sea level Altimetry tropical Pacific islands. Finally we address the future evolution of the global mean sea level under on- going warming climate and the associated regional variability. Expected impacts of future sea level rise Global mean sea level Regional sea level are briefly presented. Sea level reconstruction © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • 1999 EOS Reference Handbook
    1999 EOS Reference Handbook A Guide to NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise and the Earth Observing System http://eos.nasa.gov/ 1999 EOS Reference Handbook A Guide to NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise and the Earth Observing System Editors Michael D. King Reynold Greenstone Acknowledgements Special thanks are extended to the EOS Prin- Design and Production cipal Investigators and Team Leaders for providing detailed information about their Sterling Spangler respective instruments, and to the Principal Investigators of the various Interdisciplinary Science Investigations for descriptions of their studies. In addition, members of the EOS Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center are recognized for their assistance in verifying and enhancing the technical con- tent of the document. Finally, appreciation is extended to the international partners for For Additional Copies: providing up-to-date specifications of the instruments and platforms that are key ele- EOS Project Science Office ments of the International Earth Observing Mission. Code 900 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Support for production of this document, Greenbelt, MD 20771 provided by Winnie Humberson, William Bandeen, Carl Gray, Hannelore Parrish and Phone: (301) 441-4259 Charlotte Griner, is gratefully acknowl- Internet: [email protected] edged. Table of Contents Preface 5 Earth Science Enterprise 7 The Earth Observing System 15 EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) 27 Data and Information Policy 37 Pathfinder Data Sets 45 Earth Science Information Partners and the Working Prototype-Federation 47 EOS Data Quality: Calibration and Validation 51 Education Programs 53 International Cooperation 57 Interagency Coordination 65 Mission Elements 71 EOS Instruments 89 EOS Interdisciplinary Science Investigations 157 Points-of-Contact 340 Acronyms and Abbreviations 354 Appendix 361 List of Figures 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Sea Level Budget 1993-Present
    1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Global Sea Level Budget 1993-Present 12 13 14 WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group* 15 16 *A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper 17 18 19 20 Revised version 21 23 July 2018 22 23 24 25 26 27 Corresponding author: Anny Cazenave, LEGOS, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse, 28 Cedex 9, France; [email protected] 29 30 1 2 31 Abstract 32 33 Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to 34 unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal 35 evolution allows detecting changes (e.g., acceleration) in one or more components. Study of 36 the sea level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as 37 the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the 38 World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled “Regional Sea Level and 39 Coastal Impacts”, an international effort involving the sea level community worldwide has 40 been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various data sets used to estimate 41 components of the sea level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These data sets 42 are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model 43 estimates and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying 44 sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various 45 applications in climate research.
    [Show full text]
  • Present-Day Sea-Level Change: a Review
    C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006) 1077–1083 http://france.elsevier.com/direct/CRAS2A/ External Geophysics, Climate and Environment Present-day sea-level change: A review Robert Steven Nerem a, Éric Leuliette a, Anny Cazenave b,∗ a Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0431, USA b LEGOS-CNES, 18, av. Édouard-Belin, 31401 Toulouse cedex 9, France Received 6 August 2006; accepted after revision 25 August 2006 Available online 17 October 2006 Written on invitation of the Editorial Board Abstract Understanding of sea-level change has improved considerably over the last decade. Present-day knowledge of sea-level change is derived from tide gauge observations and satellite altimetry measurements. The average rate of sea-level change obtained from tide − gauges over the last 50 years is +1.8 ± 0.3mmyr 1. In comparison, altimeter measurements from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 − have shown an average rise of +3.1 ± 0.4mmyr 1 since 1993. It is not clear yet whether the larger rate of rise of the last decade reflects acceleration or decadal fluctuation. The causes of the present-day rate are a combination of increases in ocean temperatures and land ice melt from mountain glaciers, Greenland, and Antarctica. Regional variability in sea-level change, as evidenced by the quasi global coverage of altimeter satellites, appears dominated by non uniform change of thermal expansion. New satellite technologies, such as InSAR, ICESat, and GRACE make significant contributions to understanding sea-level change. To cite this article: R.S. Nerem et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Observational Requirements for Long-Term Monitoring of the Global Mean Sea Level and Its Components Over the Altimetry Era
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Marine Science Faculty Publications College of Marine Science 2019 Observational Requirements for Long-Term Monitoring of the Global Mean Sea Level and Its Components Over the Altimetry Era Anny Cazenave LEGOS, France Ben Hamlington NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, United States Martin Horwath Technische Universität Dresden Valentina R. Barletta DTU Space, Denmark Jérôme Benveniste European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Italy See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/msc_facpub Part of the Life Sciences Commons Scholar Commons Citation Cazenave, Anny; Hamlington, Ben; Horwath, Martin; Barletta, Valentina R.; Benveniste, Jérôme; Chambers, Don; Döll, Petra; Hogg, Anna E.; Legeais, Jean François; Merrifield, Mark; Meyssignac, Benoit; Mitchum, Garry; Nerem, Steve; Pail, Roland; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Paul, Frank; von Schuckmann, Schuckmann, Karina; and Thompson, Philip, "Observational Requirements for Long-Term Monitoring of the Global Mean Sea Level and Its Components Over the Altimetry Era" (2019). Marine Science Faculty Publications. 1378. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/msc_facpub/1378 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Marine Science at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Anny Cazenave; Ben Hamlington; Martin Horwath; Valentina
    [Show full text]
  • Altimetry for the Future: Building on 25 Years of Progress
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Advances in Space Research xxx (xxxx) xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress International Altimetry Teamà Received 16 August 2020; received in revised form 11 January 2021; accepted 13 January 2021 Abstract In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of glo- bal and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these devel- opments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and man- agers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings men- tioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Surface Topography/Jason-2
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 science writers’ guide May 2008 OSTM/Jason-2 SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE CONTACT INFORMATION & MEDIA RESOURCES Please call the Public Affairs Offices at NASA, NOAA, CNES or EUMETSAT before contacting individual scientists at these organizations. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Alan Buis, 818-354-0474, [email protected] NASA Headquarters Steve Cole, 202-358-0918, [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center George Diller, 321-867-2468, [email protected] NOAA Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service John Leslie, 301-713-2087, x174, [email protected] CNES Eliane Moreaux, 011-33-5-61-27-33-44, [email protected] EUMETSAT Claudia Ritsert-Clark, 011-49-6151-807-609, [email protected] NASA Web sites http://www.nasa.gov/ostm http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/ostm.html NOAA Web site http://www.osd.noaa.gov/ostm/index.htm CNES Web site http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/en/missions/future-missions/jason-2/index.html EUMETSAT Web site http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Jason/index.htm?l=en WRITERS Alan Buis Kathryn Hansen Gretchen Cook-Anderson Rosemary Sullivant OSTM/Jason-2 SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Science Overview............................................................................ 2 Instruments.................................................................................... 3 Feature Stories New Mission Helps Offshore Industries Dodge Swirling Waters .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography: High Frequency ..24 Session 1.1: Oceanography: High Frequency..15 Constraining the Mesoscale Field
    15 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry Symposium Venice Lido, Italy, 13-18 March 2006 Abstract Book Table of Content (in order of appearance) Session 0: Thematic Keynote Presentations..... 12 Overview of the Improvements Made on the Empirical Altimetry: Past, Present, and Future......................................12 Determination of the Sea State Bias Correction................... 19 Carl Wunsch..................................................................... 12 Sylvie Labroue, Philippe Gaspar, Joël Dorandeu, Françoise Ogor, Mesoscale Eddy Dynamics observed with 15 years of altimetric and Ouan Zan Zanife.......................................................19 data...........................................................................................12 Calibration of ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 Microwave Rosemary Morrow............................................................. 12 Radiometers using GPS and Cold Ocean Brightness How satellites have improved our knowledge of planetary waves Temperatures .......................................................................... 19 Stuart Edwards and Philip Moore ......................................19 in the oceans...........................................................................12 Paolo Cipollini, Peter G. Challenor, David Cromwell, Ian The Altimetric Wet Tropospheric Correction: Progress since the S. Robinson, and Graham D. Quartly............................... 12 ERS-1 mission ........................................................................ 20 The
    [Show full text]