A New Phase in the Production of Quality-Controlled Sea Level Data
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Global Sea-Level Budget 1993–Present
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1551–1590, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Global sea-level budget 1993–present WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Correspondence: Anny Cazenave ([email protected]) Received: 13 April 2018 – Discussion started: 15 May 2018 Revised: 31 July 2018 – Accepted: 1 August 2018 – Published: 28 August 2018 Abstract. Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to un- forced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g., acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled “Re- gional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts”, an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These datasets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates, and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research. -
Mechanisms for Space Applications
Mechanisms for space applications M. Meftah a,* , A. Irbah a, R. Le Letty b, M. Barr´ ec, S. Pasquarella d, M. Bokaie e, A. Bataille b, and G. Poiet a a CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Universit´ e Versailles St-Quentin, Guyancourt, France b Cedrat Technologies SA, 15 Ch. de Malacher, 38246 Meylan, France c Thales Avionics Electrical Motors, 78700 Conflans Sainte-Honorine, France d Vincent Associates, 803 Linden Ave., Rochester, NY 14625,United States e TiNi Aerospace, 2505 Kerner Blvd., San Rafael, CA 94901, United States ABSTRACT All space instruments contain mechanisms or moving mechanical assemblies that must move (sliding, rolling, rotating, or spinning) and their successful operati on is usually mission-critical. Generally, mechanisms are not redundant and therefore represent potential single point failure modes. Several space missions have suered anomalies or failures due to problems in applying space mechanisms technology. Mechanisms require a specific qualification through a dedicated test campaign. This paper covers the design, development, testing, production, and in-flight experience of the PICARD/SODISM mechanisms. PICARD is a space mission dedicated to the study of the Sun. The PICARD Satellite was successfully launched, on June 15, 2010 on a DNEPR launcher from Dombarovskiy Cosmodrome, near Yasny (Russia). SODISM (SOlar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper) is a 11 cm Ritchey-Chretien imaging telescope, taking solar images at five wavelengths. SODISM uses several mechanisms (a system to unlock the door at the entrance of the instrument, a system to open/closed the door using a stepper motor, two filters wheels usingastepper motor, and a mechanical shutter). For the fine pointing, SODISM uses three piezoelectric devices acting on th e primary mirror of the telescope. -
Solar Radius Determined from PICARD/SODISM Observations and Extremely Weak Wavelength Dependence in the Visible and the Near-Infrared
A&A 616, A64 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832159 Astronomy c ESO 2018 & Astrophysics Solar radius determined from PICARD/SODISM observations and extremely weak wavelength dependence in the visible and the near-infrared M. Meftah1, T. Corbard2, A. Hauchecorne1, F. Morand2, R. Ikhlef2, B. Chauvineau2, C. Renaud2, A. Sarkissian1, and L. Damé1 1 Université Paris Saclay, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS, 11 Boulevard d’Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Université de la Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (OCA), CNRS, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06304 Nice, France Received 23 October 2017 / Accepted 9 May 2018 ABSTRACT Context. In 2015, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) passed Resolution B3, which defined a set of nominal conversion constants for stellar and planetary astronomy. Resolution B3 defined a new value of the nominal solar radius (RN = 695 700 km) that is different from the canonical value used until now (695 990 km). The nominal solar radius is consistent with helioseismic estimates. Recent results obtained from ground-based instruments, balloon flights, or space-based instruments highlight solar radius values that are significantly different. These results are related to the direct measurements of the photospheric solar radius, which are mainly based on the inflection point position methods. The discrepancy between the seismic radius and the photospheric solar radius can be explained by the difference between the height at disk center and the inflection point of the intensity profile on the solar limb. At 535.7 nm (photosphere), there may be a difference of 330 km between the two definitions of the solar radius. -
SEASAT Geoid Anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge Complex Larry Ruff *
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 38 (1985) 59-69 59 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands SEASAT geoid anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge complex Larry Ruff * Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (U.S.A.) Anny Cazenave CNES-GRGS, 18Ave. Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31055 (France) (Received August 10, 1984; revision accepted September 5, 1984) Ruff, L. and Cazenave, A., 1985. SEASAT geoid anomalies and the Macquarie Ridge complex. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 38: 59-69. The seismically active Macquarie Ridge complex forms the Pacific-India plate boundary between New Zealand and the Pacific-Antarctic spreading center. The Late Cenozoic deformation of New Zealand and focal mechanisms of recent large earthquakes in the Macquarie Ridge complex appear consistent with the current plate tectonic models. These models predict a combination of strike-slip and convergent motion in the northern Macquarie Ridge, and strike-slip motion in the southern part. The Hjort trench is the southernmost expression of the Macquarie Ridge complex. Regional considerations of the magnetic lineations imply that some oceanic crust may have been consumed at the Hjort trench. Although this arcuate trench seems inconsistent with the predicted strike-slip setting, a deep trough also occurs in the Romanche fracture zone. Geoid anomalies observed over spreading ridges, subduction zones, and fracture zones are different. Therefore, geoid anomalies may be diagnostic of plate boundary type. We use SEASAT data to examine the Maequarie Ridge complex and find that the geoid anomalies for the northern Hjort trench region are different from the geoid anomalies for the Romanche trough. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Sea Level Change 13SM Supplementary Material
Sea Level Change 13SM Supplementary Material Coordinating Lead Authors: John A. Church (Australia), Peter U. Clark (USA) Lead Authors: Anny Cazenave (France), Jonathan M. Gregory (UK), Svetlana Jevrejeva (UK), Anders Levermann (Germany), Mark A. Merrifield (USA), Glenn A. Milne (Canada), R. Steven Nerem (USA), Patrick D. Nunn (Australia), Antony J. Payne (UK), W. Tad Pfeffer (USA), Detlef Stammer (Germany), Alakkat S. Unnikrishnan (India) Contributing Authors: David Bahr (USA), Jason E. Box (Denmark/USA), David H. Bromwich (USA), Mark Carson (Germany), William Collins (UK), Xavier Fettweis (Belgium), Piers Forster (UK), Alex Gardner (USA), W. Roland Gehrels (UK), Rianne Giesen (Netherlands), Peter J. Gleckler (USA), Peter Good (UK), Rune Grand Graversen (Sweden), Ralf Greve (Japan), Stephen Griffies (USA), Edward Hanna (UK), Mark Hemer (Australia), Regine Hock (USA), Simon J. Holgate (UK), John Hunter (Australia), Philippe Huybrechts (Belgium), Gregory Johnson (USA), Ian Joughin (USA), Georg Kaser (Austria), Caroline Katsman (Netherlands), Leonard Konikow (USA), Gerhard Krinner (France), Anne Le Brocq (UK), Jan Lenaerts (Netherlands), Stefan Ligtenberg (Netherlands), Christopher M. Little (USA), Ben Marzeion (Austria), Kathleen L. McInnes (Australia), Sebastian H. Mernild (USA), Didier Monselesan (Australia), Ruth Mottram (Denmark), Tavi Murray (UK), Gunnar Myhre (Norway), J.P. Nicholas (USA), Faezeh Nick (Norway), Mahé Perrette (Germany), David Pollard (USA), Valentina Radić (Canada), Jamie Rae (UK), Markku Rummukainen (Sweden), Christian Schoof (Canada), Aimée Slangen (Australia/Netherlands), Jan H. van Angelen (Netherlands), Willem Jan van de Berg (Netherlands), Michiel van den Broeke (Netherlands), Miren Vizcaíno (Netherlands), Yoshihide Wada (Netherlands), Neil J. White (Australia), Ricarda Winkelmann (Germany), Jianjun Yin (USA), Masakazu Yoshimori (Japan), Kirsten Zickfeld (Canada) Review Editors: Jean Jouzel (France), Roderik van de Wal (Netherlands), Philip L. -
Evaluation of Coastal Sea Level Offshore Hong Kong from Jason-2 Altimetry
remote sensing Article Evaluation of Coastal Sea Level Offshore Hong Kong from Jason-2 Altimetry Xi-Yu Xu 1,2,3,*, Florence Birol 2 and Anny Cazenave 2,4 1 The CAS Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, France; fl[email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (A.C.) 3 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 4 International Space Science Institute, 3102 Bern, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6255-0409 Received: 23 November 2017; Accepted: 6 February 2018; Published: 12 February 2018 Abstract: As altimeter satellites approach coastal areas, the number of valid sea surface height measurements decrease dramatically because of land contamination. In recent years, different methodologies have been developed to recover data within 10–20 km from the coast. These include computation of geophysical corrections adapted to the coastal zone and retracking of raw radar echoes. In this paper, we combine for the first time coastal geophysical corrections and retracking along a Jason-2 satellite pass that crosses the coast near the Hong-Kong tide gauge. Six years and a half of data are analyzed, from July 2008 to December 2014 (orbital cycles 1–238). Different retrackers are considered, including the ALES retracker and the different retrackers of the PISTACH products. For each retracker, we evaluate the quality of the recovered sea surface height by comparing with data from the Hong Kong tide gauge (located 10 km away). -
Mission Model (Aggregate)
Mission Models (Graphical Depiction) IOAG-14, Nov. 2-4, 2010 Update/s after IOAG-14 Meeting: (1) IOAG Secretariat / 2011-Jan.-14: Incorporated 2010-12-15 ESA update Earth Missions (1) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 COSMO –SM1 COSMO –SM2 ASI COSMO –SM3 COSMO –SM4 AGI MIOSAT PRISMA SPOT HELIOS 2010 TELECOM-2 Legend Green – In operation JASON Light green – Potential extension Blue – In development DEMETER TARANIS Light Blue – Potential extension Yellow – Proposed ESSAIM MICROSCOPE Light Yellow – Proposed extension CNES PARASOL MERLIN Note: Color fade to white indicates End Date unknown CALIPSO COROT CERES SMOS CSO-MUSIS (terminate 2028, potentially extend to 2030) PICARD MICROCARB (*) No dates provided Earth Missions (2) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 BIR DEOS Legend Green – In operation GR1/ GR2 ENMAP Light green – Potential extension Blue – In development SB1/SB2 Light Blue – Potential extension Yellow – Proposed DLR TerraSAR-X H2SAT* Light Yellow – Proposed extension TET Asteroiden Finder* Note: Color fade to white indicates End Date unknown TanDEM-X PRISMA 2010 (*) No dates provided Earth Missions (3) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 ERS 2 ADM-AEOLUS ENVISAT Sentinel 1B Extends to Oct. 2026 CRYOSAT 2 Sentinel 2B Extends to Jun. 2027 GOCE Earth Case Swarm Sentinel 1A Sentinel 2A Sentinel 3A ESA 2010 Sentinel 3B Extends to Aug. 2027 MSG MSG METOP METOP ARTEMIS GALILEO Legend Green – In operation -
Articles in the Summertime Arctic Lower Troposphere
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6509–6539, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6509-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Chemical composition and source attribution of sub-micrometre aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere Franziska Köllner1,a, Johannes Schneider1, Megan D. Willis2,b, Hannes Schulz3, Daniel Kunkel4, Heiko Bozem4, Peter Hoor4, Thomas Klimach1, Frank Helleis1, Julia Burkart2,c, W. Richard Leaitch5, Amir A. Aliabadi5,d, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt2, Andreas B. Herber3, and Stephan Borrmann4,1 1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany 2Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 3Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 4Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany 5Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada anow at: Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany bnow at: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA cnow at: Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria dnow at: Environmental Engineering Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Correspondence: Franziska Köllner ([email protected]) Received: 20 July 2020 – Discussion started: 3 August 2020 Revised: 25 February 2021 – Accepted: 26 February 2021 – Published: 30 April 2021 Abstract. Aerosol particles impact the Arctic climate system ganic matter. From our analysis, we conclude that the pres- both directly and indirectly by modifying cloud properties, ence of these particles was driven by transport of aerosol yet our understanding of their vertical distribution, chemical and precursor gases from mid-latitudes to Arctic regions. composition, mixing state, and sources in the summertime Specifically, elevated concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, Arctic is incomplete. -
Solar Radius Determination from Sodism/Picard and HMI/SDO
Solar Radius Determination from Sodism/Picard and HMI/SDO Observations of the Decrease of the Spectral Solar Radiance during the 2012 June Venus Transit Alain Hauchecorne, Mustapha Meftah, Abdanour Irbah, Sebastien Couvidat, Rock Bush, Jean-François Hochedez To cite this version: Alain Hauchecorne, Mustapha Meftah, Abdanour Irbah, Sebastien Couvidat, Rock Bush, et al.. So- lar Radius Determination from Sodism/Picard and HMI/SDO Observations of the Decrease of the Spectral Solar Radiance during the 2012 June Venus Transit. The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, 2014, 783 (2), pp.127. 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/127. hal-00952209 HAL Id: hal-00952209 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00952209 Submitted on 26 Feb 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Solar radius determination from SODISM/PICARD and HMI/SDO observations of the decrease of the spectral solar radiance during the June 2012 Venus transit A. Hauchecorne1, M. Meftah1, A. Irbah1, S. Couvidat2, R. Bush2, J.-F. Hochedez1 1 LATMOS, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, UPMC, CNRS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France, [email protected] 2 W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305- 4085, USA Abstract On 5 to 6 June, 2012 the transit of Venus provided a rare opportunity to determine the radius of the Sun using solar imagers observing a well-defined object, namely the planet and its atmosphere, occulting partially the Sun. -
Sea Level: a Review of Present-Day and Recent-Past Changes and Variability
Journal of Geodynamics 58 (2012) 96–109 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Geodynamics jo urnal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jog Review Sea level: A review of present-day and recent-past changes and variability ∗ Benoit Meyssignac , Anny Cazenave LEGOS-CNES, Toulouse, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: In this review article, we summarize observations of sea level variations, globally and regionally, during Received 12 December 2011 the 20th century and the last 2 decades. Over these periods, the global mean sea level rose at rates of Received in revised form 9 March 2012 1.7 mm/yr and 3.2 mm/yr respectively, as a result of both increase of ocean thermal expansion and land Accepted 10 March 2012 ice loss. The regional sea level variations, however, have been dominated by the thermal expansion factor Available online 19 March 2012 over the last decades even though other factors like ocean salinity or the solid Earth’s response to the last deglaciation can have played a role. We also present examples of total local sea level variations Keywords: that include the global mean rise, the regional variability and vertical crustal motions, focusing on the Sea level Altimetry tropical Pacific islands. Finally we address the future evolution of the global mean sea level under on- going warming climate and the associated regional variability. Expected impacts of future sea level rise Global mean sea level Regional sea level are briefly presented. Sea level reconstruction © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. -
Picard Microsatellite Program
PICARD MICROSATELLITE PROGRAM Luc Damé1, Mireille Meissonnier1 and Bernard Tatry2 1Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, BP 3, F-91371 Verrières-le-Buisson Cedex 2Division Microsatellite CNES, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse Cedex 4 ABSTRACT – The PICARD microsatellite mission will provide 2 to 6 years simultaneous measurements of the solar diameter, differential rotation and solar constant to investigate the nature of their relations and variabilities. It will provide an absolute measure of the diameter and the solar shape better than 10 milliarcsec. The 100–110 kg satellite has a 40 kg payload consisting of 3 instruments: SODISM, which will deliver an absolute measure (better than 10 milliarcsec) of the solar diameter and solar shape, SOVAP, for the total solar irradiance measure, and PREMOS, dedicated to the UV and visible flux in selected wavelength bands. Now in Phase B, PICARD is expected to be launched before mid-2003. We review the scientific goals linked to the diameter measurement, present the payload and instruments' concepts and design, and give a brief overview of the program aspects. RESUME – Le programme microsatellite PICARD de mesures simultanées du diamètre solaire, de la rotation différentielle, de la constante solaire et de leurs variabilités, a été sélectionné par le CNES. Les travaux de définition et de réalisation sont maintenant engagés depuis plus d'un an et le lancement aura lieu avant la mi-2003 (durée de la mission : 2 ans, extensible à 6 ans). Nous présentons la mission (un microsatellite de 100–110 kg), ses objectifs et les mesures qui seront effectuées par 3 instruments (charge utile de 40 kg) et qui intéressent directement la Physique Solaire, l'Héliosismologie, la Climatologie de la Terre et la Météorologie de l'Espace.