American Fur Company
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George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West Mitchell Edward Pike Claremont Mckenna College
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2012 George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West Mitchell Edward Pike Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Pike, Mitchell Edward, "George Drouillard and John Colter: Heroes of the American West" (2012). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 444. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/444 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE GEORGE DROUILLARD AND JOHN COLTER: HEROES OF THE AMERICAN WEST SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR LILY GEISMER AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY MITCHELL EDWARD PIKE FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING/2012 APRIL 23, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..4 Chapter One. George Drouillard, Interpreter and Hunter………………………………..11 Chapter Two. John Colter, Trailblazer of the Fur Trade………………………………...28 Chapter 3. Problems with Second and Firsthand Histories……………………………....44 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….……55 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..58 Introduction The United States underwent a dramatic territorial change during the early part of the nineteenth century, paving the way for rapid exploration and expansion of the American West. On April 30, 1803 France and the United States signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, causing the Louisiana Territory to transfer from French to United States control for the price of fifteen million dollars.1 The territorial acquisition was agreed upon by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Republic of France, and Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe, both of whom were acting on behalf of the United States. Monroe and Livingston only negotiated for New Orleans and the mouth of the Mississippi, but Napoleon in regard to the territory said “I renounce Louisiana. -
Etienne Lucier
Etienne Lucier Readers should feel free to use information from the website, however credit must be given to this site and to the author of the individual articles. By Ella Strom Etienne Lucier was born in St. Edouard, District of Montreal, Canada, in 1793 and died on the French Prairie in Oregon, United States in 1853.1 This early pioneer to the Willamette Valley was one of the men who helped to form the early Oregon society and government. Etienne Lucier joined the Wilson Price Hunt overland contingent of John Jacob Astor’s Pacific Fur Company in 1810.2 3 After the Pacific Fur Company was dissolved during the War of 1812,4 he entered the service of the North West Company and, finally, ended up being a brigade leader for the Hudson’s Bay Company.5 For a short time in 1827, he lived on what would be come known as East Portland. He helped several noted pioneers establish themselves in the northern Willamette Valley by building three cabins in Oregon City for Dr. John McLoughlin and a home at Chemaway for Joseph Gervais.6 Also as early as 1827, Lucier may have had a temporary cabin on a land claim which was adjacent to the Willamette Fur Post in the Champoeg area. However, it is clear that by 1829 Lucier had a permanent cabin near Champoeg.7 F.X. Matthieu, a man who would be instrumental in determining Oregon’s future as an American colony, arrived on the Willamette in 1842, “ragged, barefoot, and hungry” and Lucier gave him shelter for two years.8 Matthieu and Lucier were key votes in favor of the organization of the provisional government under American rule in the May 1843 vote at Champoeg. -
Astoria Adapted and Directed by Chris Coleman
Astoria Adapted and directed by Chris Coleman Based on the book ASTORIA: John Jacob Astor and Thomas Je erson’s Lost Pacific Empire, A Story of Wealth, Ambition, The Guide and Survival by Peter Stark A Theatergoer’s Resource Education & Community Programs Staff Kelsey Tyler Education & Community Programs Director Peter Stark -Click Here- Clara-Liis Hillier Education & Community Programs Associate Eric Werner Education & Community Programs Coordinator The Astor Expedition Matthew B. Zrebski -Click Here- Resident Teaching Artist Resource Guide Contributors Benjamin Fainstein John Jacob Astor Literary Manager and Dramaturg -Click Here- Mikey Mann Graphic Designer The World of Astoria -Click Here- PCS’s 2016–17 Education & Community Programs are generously supported by: Cast and Creative Team -Click Here- Further Research -Click Here- PCS’s education programs are supported in part by a grant from the Oregon Arts Commission and the National Endowment for the Arts. Michael E. Menashe Mentor Graphics Foundation Herbert A. Templeton Foundation H. W. Irwin and D. C. H. Irwin Foundation Autzen Foundation and other generous donors. TONQUIN PARTY Navy Men Captain Jonathan Thorn 1st Mate Ebenezer Fox Aiken (played by Ben Rosenblatt) (played by Chris Murray) (played by Brandon Contreras) Coles Winton Aymes (played by Jeremy Aggers) (played by Michael Morrow Hammack) (played by Leif Norby) Canadian & Scottish Partners Duncan Macdougall Alexander McKay David Stuart (played by Gavin Hoffman) (played by Christopher Hirsh) (played by F. Tyler Burnet) Agnus Robert Stuart (played by Christopher Salazar) (played by Jeremy Aggers) Others Gabriel Franchere Alexander Ross (played by Ben Newman) (played by Nick Ferrucci) OVERLAND PARTY Leaders Wilson Price Hunt Ramsay Crooks Donald MacKenzie (played by Shawn Fagan) (played by Benjamin Tissell) (played by Jeremy Aggers) Company John Bradbury John Reed John Day (played by F. -
American Expansionism, the Great Plains, and the Arikara People, 1823-1957
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 Breakdown of Relations: American Expansionism, the Great Plains, and the Arikara People, 1823-1957 Stephen R. Aoun Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, Diplomatic History Commons, Other History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5836 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Breakdown of Relations: American Expansionism, the Great Plains, and the Arikara People, 1823-1957 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University By Stephen Robert Aoun Bachelor of Arts, Departments of History and English, Randolph-Macon College, 2017 Director: Professor Gregory D. Smithers, Department of History, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia April 2019 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Chapter One Western Expansion and Arikara Identity ………………………………………………. 17 Chapter Two Boarding Schools and the Politics of Assimilation ……...……………………………... 37 Chapter Three Renewing Arikara Identity -
A Description of the Fur Trade in 1831 by John Dougherty
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: A Description of the Fur Trade in 1831 by John Dougherty Full Citation: Richard E Jensen, “A Description of the Fur Trade in 1831 by John Dougherty,” Nebraska History 56 (1975): 108-120. URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1975FurTrade.pdf Date: 9/30/2015 Article Summary: In the fall of 1831, the newly appointed Secretary of War, Lewis Cass, requested John Dougherty provide him with general information about the fur trade. The body of this article is his reply and is one of the few contemporary descriptions of the trade west of the Missouri River. Cataloging Information: Names: Lewis Cass, John Dougherty, Thomas Forsyth, Hiram Chittenden, Benjamin O’Fallon, William Clark, Joshua Pilcher, William Henry Ashley, Milton Sublette, Lucien Fontenelle, Andrew Drips, William H. Vanderburgh, Theodore R Davis Keywords: Missouri Fur Company; Office -
Road to Oregon Written by Dr
The Road to Oregon Written by Dr. Jim Tompkins, a prominent local historian and the descendant of Oregon Trail immigrants, The Road to Oregon is a good primer on the history of the Oregon Trail. Unit I. The Pioneers: 1800-1840 Who Explored the Oregon Trail? The emigrants of the 1840s were not the first to travel the Oregon Trail. The colorful history of our country makes heroes out of the explorers, mountain men, soldiers, and scientists who opened up the West. In 1540 the Spanish explorer Coronado ventured as far north as present-day Kansas, but the inland routes across the plains remained the sole domain of Native Americans until 1804, when Lewis and Clark skirted the edges on their epic journey of discovery to the Pacific Northwest and Zeb Pike explored the "Great American Desert," as the Great Plains were then known. The Lewis and Clark Expedition had a direct influence on the economy of the West even before the explorers had returned to St. Louis. Private John Colter left the expedition on the way home in 1806 to take up the fur trade business. For the next 20 years the likes of Manuel Lisa, Auguste and Pierre Choteau, William Ashley, James Bridger, Kit Carson, Tom Fitzgerald, and William Sublette roamed the West. These part romantic adventurers, part self-made entrepreneurs, part hermits were called mountain men. By 1829, Jedediah Smith knew more about the West than any other person alive. The Americans became involved in the fur trade in 1810 when John Jacob Astor, at the insistence of his friend Thomas Jefferson, founded the Pacific Fur Company in New York. -
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Carte De La Partie Occidentale Des Etats-Unis, Dressee pour servir a l'intelligence des decouvertes des Americains. M.M. Hunt et Stuart, fairts en 1811, 12 et 13 . 1821 (First Map of the Oregon Trail--with 2 volumes of text) Stock#: 46454 Map Maker: Lapie Date: 1821 Place: Paris Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG+ Size: 16 x 10 inches Price: SOLD Description: Rare and highly important map of the Northwest, the first ever appearance of the Oregon Trail on a printed map. The present examples is accompanied by Volumes 10 and 12 of the Nouvelles Annales Des Voyages , which includes 3 lengthy articles on reporting on explorations relating to the Hunt and Stuart expeditions from St. Louis to the Pacific, via the Missouri River and the Columbia River and the return expedition, which led to the discovery of South Pass and the Oregon Trail. Lapie's map was prepared to illustrate Robert Stuart and Wilson Price Hunt's account of the overland expeditions between Astoria and the Missouri River, which resulted in the discovery of the South Pass and the Oregon Trail. In 1810, John Jacob Astor of the American Fur Company, outfitted an expedition (known as the Astor Expedition) under the command of Wilson Price Hunt, to find a possible overland supply route from the east and to explore the fur trapping territory for prospective trading posts. Fearing attack by the Blackfoot Indians, the overland expedition veered south of Lewis and Clark's route into what is now Wyoming and in the process passed across Union Pass and into Jackson Hole, Wyoming. -
The American Fur Trade Far West
HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FUR TRADE OF THE FAR WEST THE American Fur Trade OF THE Far West A History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fu.r Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains and of the Overland Commerce with Santa Fe. AIAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY HIRAM MAR TIN CHITTENDEN captain Corps of Engineers, U.S. A., Author of "The Yellowstone." THREE VOLUMES VO~UME III. NEW YORK FRANCIS P. HARPER 1902 CoPYRIGHT, 1901, BY FRANCIS P. HARPER All rights reserved APPENDICES. C< ;py OF LETTER FROM PIERRE l\IENARD TO PIERRE CHOLTTE;\L'. An account of the first attack by the Blackfeet upon the :\Iissouri Fur Company at the Three Forks of the Missouri in the summer of 1810. Below are given in the original and corrected French and in English translation copies of a letter found among the Chouteau papers. It is probably the only document in exist ence that was written upon the identical spot where the old fort of the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company stood at the Three Forks of the Missouri. It narrates an important event in the series of disasters which overtook the company in that quarter, and is a genuine messenger from that forlorn band under Henry who later, when driven from this position, crossed the Divide and built the first trading establishment upon Columbian waters. The original of this letter, in four pages, written upon a sheet of fine light blue paper. full let ter size, and still in excellent preservation, is in the posses sion of Mr. -
Fur Trade on the Missouri
Missouri River Missouri National Recreational River Territory. The second expedition was no more successful, ending at a Ponca village where trader Trade, Tribes, and Transition Antoine Lecuyer took “not less than two wives… and wasted a great deal of the goods of the on the Missouri company.” The company’s third expedition under James MacKay and John Evans successfully The fur trade, America’s first fashion-driven reached the Mandan villages eight years before industry, stimulated Euro-American exploration of Lewis & Clark’s better-known American the Missouri River Valley expedition. several decades before Lewis & Clark. Beaver One of the earliest trappers and traders in the was most important, the Yankton area was Pierre Dorion, Sr., who married dense undercoat being used into the Yankton tribe around 1785 and was a short- to make felt hats. The term member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in entire world used furs, from 1804. He served as liaison and translator for the wolf to muskrat, for warm clothing in this era council near Calumet Bluff. before synthetic insulating materials. In these early days, independent traders and small Trade was nothing new to the Plains Tribes; the parties were at risk of being relieved of their goods various cultures that occupied this land at different by tribes that chose raiding over trading. Later, times had exchanged produce, dried meat, tools, and large companies built impressive posts that not only weapons for thousands of years. By the mid 1700s, offered protection, but projected an image of the Ihanktonwan Nakota (Yankton Sioux) hosted a permanence that led to long-term trade partnerships. -
History of North Dakota Chapter 3
34 History of North Dakota CHAPTER 3 A Struggle for the Indian Trade THE D ISCOVERY OF AMERICA set in motion great events. For one thing, it added millions of square miles of land to the territorial resources which Europeans could use. For another, it provided a new source of potential income for the European economy. A golden opportunity was at hand, and the nations of Europe responded by staking out colonial empires. As the wealth of the New World poured in, it brought about a 400-year boom and transformed European institutions. Rivalry for empire brought nations into conflict over the globe. It reached North Dakota when fur traders of three nationalities struggled to control the Upper Missouri country. First the British, coming from Hudson Bay and Montreal, dominated trade with the Knife River villages. Then the Spanish, working out of St. Louis, tried to dislodge the British, but distance and the hostility of Indians along the Missouri A Struggle for the Indian Trade 35 caused them to fail. After the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark claimed the Upper Missouri for the United States, and Americans from St. Louis began to seek trade there. They encountered the same obstacles which had stopped the Spanish, however, and with the War of 18l 2, they withdrew from North Dakota, leaving it still in British hands. THE ARRIVAL OF BRITISH TRADERS When the British captured Montreal in 1760, the French abandoned their posts in the Indian country and the Indians were compelled to carry all of their furs to Hudson Bay. Before long, however, British traders from both the Bay and Montreal began to venture into the region west of Lake Superior, and by 1780 they had forts on the Assiniboine River. -
Book Reviews
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 33 Number 4 Article 5 10-1-1958 Book Reviews Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation . "Book Reviews." New Mexico Historical Review 33, 4 (1958). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/ vol33/iss4/5 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Book Reviews Major General James Henry Carleton, 1814-1873, Western Frontier Dragoon. By Aurora Hunt. Frontier Military Series, Volume II. Glendale, California: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1958. $10. James Henry Carleton was a figure of some importance and wide experience in the mid-nineteenth-century West. He served with distinction in northern Mexico in the Mexican War.·Previous to and following this Carleton served at many frontier posts, performed escort duty along the Santa Fe Trail and engaged in operations against Indians. During the Civil War Carleton commanded the "column" of Califor nia volunteers which helped keep New Mexico secure from possible Confederate re-entry after the South's first invasion failed, and he himself served as military commander in New Mexico, 1862-1866. He wrote a book on the Battle of Buena Vista and reports (among others) on the ruins of Abo and Gran Quivira and on the Mountain Meadows Massacre, all important in various ways. Miss Hunt had the opportunity to make an outstanding contribution in this volume, but did not succeed; she does too much in some respects and not enough in others. -
Effects of Fur Trapping on Tribes
Model Lesson Plan Social Studies Grade 5 Topic 7 - Effects of Fur Trapping on Tribes Stage 1 Desired Results Established Goals: • Students can explain why laws and policies were needed to solve problems that arose when fur trappers and their companies entered traditional tribal territories and hunting grounds. [GLE 5.2.7] Understandings: Essential Questions: • Indian Nations in what became Montana • Timelines can provide perspective. Examine the Territory had large land bases and traditional timeline to find: hunting grounds, prior to exploration by the 1. From whose point of view is a particular British and Americans. [EU 4] timeline event given? • While the area of present-day Montana was 2. Why does perspective and point of view matter claimed by France, which sold the area to the when you are examining a timeline? U.S. in 1803, Indian Nations were the first 3. How and where can we use comparative people there. [EU 4] timelines? • The Lewis and Clark Expedition explored the 4. When should comparative timelines be area, and made maps later used by fur trappers, constructed? For what purposes? traders, and settlers. 5. What were some of the results (for MT tribes) • Tribal life was disrupted by trappers and traders. of white exploration, fur trapping, and trading? [EU 4] • Missionaries brought another way of life, disrupting traditional ways of living, even as they brought implements and mills. Students will be able to… Students will know… • Compare perspectives of the same timeline event, • How to compare timeline events to discover cultural specifying whose perspective is given. views of an event.