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Gli Imenotteri Sinfiti (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) Dell'appennino

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Gli Imenotteri Sinfiti (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) Dell'appennino Quaderni del Museo di Storia Naturale di Ferrara - Vol. 2 - 2014 - pp. 63-85 ISSN 2283-6918 Gli Imenotteri Sinfiti (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) dell’Appennino settentrionale. Stato delle conoscenze, nuove segnalazioni, note biogeografiche ed ecologiche FAUSTO PESARINI Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Via Filippo de Pisis 24 - 44121 Ferrara (Italy) - E-mail: [email protected] RIASSUNTO Vengono illustrati i risultati di uno studio di durata pluriennale sulla sinfitofauna dell’Appennino settentrionale condotto attraverso ricerche di campagna e ricognizioni sui materiali conservati in collezioni di istituti e di privati. La check-list delle specie, in tutto 360, viene presentata in un quadro sinottico della loro presenza / assenza nei diversi settori dell’Appennino settentrionale. Cinque specie sono risultate nuove per la fauna italiana: Sirex carinthiacus Konow, 1892, Pachynematus moerens (Förster, 1854), Nematus ?brevivalvis Thomson, 1871 (determinazione da confermare), Amauronematus fasciatus Konow, 1897 e Amauronematus krausi Taeger & Blank, 1998; nuova per la fauna italiana è anche un’altra entità non identificata con precisione a livello specifico, Pristiphora (?Lygaeophora) sp. Dodici specie sono risultate nuove per la fauna appenninica. Altre cinque specie, oltre alle precedenti, sono risultate nuove per l’Emilia-Romagna. In conclusione si presenta una possibile categorizzazione delle specie in base ai diversi tipi di distribuzione e di quelle più propriamente montane in relazione ai rispettivi habitat. Parole-chiave: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Appennini, dati faunistici, Italia. ABST R ACT Sawflies and woodwasps (Hymenoptera Symphyta) of the northern Apennines: state of the art, new records, notes on biogeography and ecology. The issues of a long term study on sawfly fauna of the northern Apennines are presented. Materials have been obtained both by field work in the study area and surveys on collections. The checklist of the species, 360 in all, is given in a synoptic table of their presence / absence in the different sectors of northern Apennine. Five species are new to Italy: Sirex carinthiacus Konow, 1892, Pachynematus moerens (Förster, 1854), Nematus ?brevivalvis Thomson, 1871 (identification to be confirmed), Amauronematus fasciatus Konow, 1897 and Amauronematus krausi Taeger & Blank, 1998; new to Italy is also an unidentified Pristiphora (?Lygaeophora) sp. Twelve species are new for the Apennines fauna. Besides the above ones, other five species have resulted new to Emilia-Romagna region. Concluding remarks concern a tentative categorization of the species according to to their distribution patterns and, with reference to montane species, according to their habitat. Key-words: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Apennines, faunal records, Italy. Introduzione si trovano in Benson (1958). Relativi al settore nordocciden- tale dell’Appennino furono i due contributi sull’entomofau- Benché esista una tradizione di studi antica perlomeno per il na del Piacentino a cura rispettivamente di Roberti, Frilli settore meridionale della penisola (a cominciare dai contributi & Pizzaghi (1965) e Frilli & Pizzaghi (1975). Di indirizzo di Palma, 1861, e di Gribodo, 1881, rispettivamente sul Na- ancor più generalista, ma assai importante per la quantità di poletano e sulla Calabria, e dagli importanti lavori di sintesi dati relativi all’Appennino Tosco-Romagnolo ivi contenuti, è di Costa quali la “Fauna del Regno di Napoli” del 1859 ed il da ricordare l’opera pubblicata da Zangheri (1969) a com- “Prospetto” del 1894, esteso a comprendere tutta la fauna italia- pendio di una vita intera di raccolte e di osservazioni. A partire na), a tutt’oggi la sinfitofauna appenninica è conosciuta in base dall’ultimo quarto di secolo si fanno più numerosi gli studi ad un numero relativamente modesto di studi e di pubblicazio- riguardanti specificamente le sinfitofaune appenniniche. In ni: Luigioni (1935), sul Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo, che trattò essi sono state prese in considerazione due zone in particolare, specificamente il sottordine in questione; le ricerche condotte ancora una volta il settore Tosco-Romagnolo dell’Appennino dall’Istituto di Entomologia di Bologna sempre sul Parco Nazio- settentrionale (Campadelli, 1991; Pesarini, Campadelli & nale d’Abruzzo negli anni ’50 del Novecento (Grandi, 1958), Crudele, 1995; Campadelli & Pesarini, 2001) e due aree che non videro però contributi specifici sui Sinfiti, e quelle del circoscritte dell’Appennino centrale (i Monti Lepini, nel Lazio: Museo di Storia Naturale di Verona sulla catena appenninica Pesarini, 1993b; e la Valle Peligna, in Abruzzo: Pesarini & in generale (ma sui settori centrale e meridionale in particolare) Osella, 1997). Sia l’Appennino Tosco-Romagnolo che quello all’incirca nello stesso periodo, e i cui risultati relativi ai Sinfiti centro-meridionale (precisamente l’area del Parco Naziona- 64 Fausto Pesarini le d’Abruzzo, oggi ridenominato d’Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise) condotte dal Museo di Storia Naturale di Ferrara e alle ricogni- hanno fornito inoltre materiali per brevi note faunistiche re- zioni effettuate sui materiali conservati in collezioni di Istituti lative ad una o poche specie di particolare interesse (Pesarini, o di privati. 2003b, 2003c per la prima di tali aree, e Carpaneto, Pesarini & Valfrè, 1994 per la seconda). Per quanto riguarda il settore Campagne di ricerca del Museo di Storia Naturale di Fer- più occidentale dell’Appennino settentrionale, in anni recenti rara sulla sinfitofauna dell’Appennino Emiliano e settori l’unico lavoro nel quale figuri anche un contributo relativo ai adiacenti di Liguria e Toscana Sinfiti (Pesarini, 2003a) è quello relativo all’entomofauna di Nel corso dell’ultimo quarto di secolo, una discreta quantità di alcune faggete dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano curato da Cer- Sinfiti raccolti in habitat montani e submontani dell’Appenni- retti et al. (eds.), 2003. Com’è ovvio, dati sparsi di singole no Emiliano e delle zone limitrofe di Liguria e Toscana è entrata specie, anche comuni o comunissime, relativi a diversi settori a far parte delle collezioni del Museo di Storia Naturale di Fer- dell’Appennino, sono comparsi anche in altre pubblicazioni, rara (generale e dell’autore, conservata presso lo stesso Museo). quali cataloghi di collezioni o “miscellanee” faunistiche varie, Per molti anni le raccolte, compiute quasi tutte dall’autore e che non è il caso di elencare in questa sede. da Roberto Fabbri, sono state occasionali e non concentrate su Da quanto esposto, risulta in modo abbastanza evidente che località o su settori particolari della catena montuosa, mentre ampie aree dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano sono rimaste a negli anni 2001 e 2002 sono state condotte in modo più mira- tutt’oggi largamente inesplorate per quanto riguarda il loro to e continuativo dall’autore in habitat montani delle province popolamento imenotterologico e specificamente sinfitologico. di Parma, Reggio Emilia e Modena, che a fronte dell’evidente Se si fa eccezione per i citati contributi sull’entomofauna del interesse faunistico risultavano essere scarsamente indagati. Nel Piacentino e per il volume curato da Cerretti et al. (2003), complesso le località interessate dalle indagini assommano a gli unici dati relativi a tale importante settore dell’Appennino 36, di cui 16 (indicate col segno ! nell’elenco che segue) visitate settentrionale sono sparsi (e dunque difficilmente consultabili) nel corso delle indagini mirate degli anni 2001-2002. in quelle pubblicazioni cui abbiamo soltanto accennato, non potendole elencare in dettaglio, quali appunto cataloghi di Elenco delle località collezioni o miscellanee faunistiche varie. Tali dati, comunque, PC: Ferriere: sopra fraz. Selva, dintorni del Lago Nero, 1500- restituiscono nel complesso un quadro frammentario e tutt’al- 1575 m tro che soddisfacente della sinfitofauna dei settori occidentali Liguria (GE): S. Stefano d’Aveto: sopra fraz. Amborzasco, pen- della catena montuosa, ciò che rappresenta una lacuna piutto- dici del Monte Penna, 1300-1450 m (!) sto grave se si considera che questi ultimi rappresentano, molto PR/Toscana (MS): dintorni del Passo della Cisa, 1000-1050 m probabilmente, le più importanti aree di contatto tra il con- PR: Bedonia dintorni, 600-650 m tingente boreale, centro-nord europeo, e quelli a distribuzione PR: Bedonia: pendici del Monte Orocco, 1000-1100 m (!) sudeuropea della sinfitofauna appenninica. PR/Liguria (GE): Bedonia: sopra fraz. Spora, Monte Romez- Per tali ragioni, l’autore ha ritenuto opportuno, a partire dall’ul- zano, 1400 m (!) timo quindicennio, finalizzare in parte i propri studi ad una PR: Corniglio: dintorni fraz. Bosco, 800 m migliore conoscenza dei popolamenti sinfitologici degli habitat PR: Corniglio: dintorni fraz. Lagdei, 1250 m forestali e montani dell’Appennino settentrionale, consideran- PR: Corniglio: sopra fraz. Lagdei, Lago Santo Parmense e din- do con maggiore attenzione proprio quelli relativi al settore torni, c.ca 1500 m (!) tosco-emiliano. I risultati di questi studi vengono illustrati e PR: Corniglio: sopra fraz. Lagdei, tra Lago Santo Parmense e discussi nel presente lavoro. Lago Padre, 1510-1575 m (!) PR: Corniglio: sopra fraz. Lagdei, dintorni Rif. Lagoni, 1350 m (!) PR: Corniglio: sopra fraz. Lagdei, torbiera sopra i Lagoni, Materiali e metodi 1450-1500 m (!) PR: Corniglio: sopra fraz. Lagdei, Lago Scuro e dintorni, c.ca Gli studi sono stati rivolti all’acquisizione di dati nuovi o ine- 1500 m (!) diti allo scopo di disporre di un quadro più esauriente del po- PR:
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