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20 24 Hussain Proof Ethnopharmacological survey of herbal remedies used in the treatment of hepatitis Wahid Hussain, Saima Batool, Sabiha Bahar, Bibi Shahida, Bushra Bangash, Amjad Ali, Hidayat Hussain, Iftikhar Ali, Maroof Ali, Rainer W. Bussmann Databases and Inventories Correspondence Abstract Wahid Hussain1*, Saima Batool1, Sabiha Bahar1, Background: Hepatitis is a serious illness and can be Bibi Shahida1, Bushra Bangash1, Amjad Ali2, fatal, which has caused a dangerous ratio round the Hidayat Hussain3, Iftikhar Ali4, Maroof Ali5, Rainer globe especially in the developed and under- W. Bussmann6 developing countries. About 1.4 million deaths are reported each year from the different types of 1Department of Botany, GPGC Parachinar Kurram hepatitis especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Pakistan hepatitis C virus (HCV) which cause 90% mortality 2Department of Sustainable Crop Production, and the other 10% deaths are caused due to all other Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia hepatitis types. Parmense, 84 29122 Piacenza Italy 3Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Methods: By using different online database such as Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3, D-06120 Google scholar, Science Direct Navigator, ISI Web Halle (Saale), Germany of Knowledge, Elsevier, springer link, Test 4Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong databases, research gate and PubMed, date were Provience,(250014), China retrieved by giving different keywords. Various 5College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, keywords were used on plants used traditionally to Wuhu 241000, China treat hepatitis. 6Institute of Botany, Department of Ethnobotany, Ilia State University, Georgia Results: A total of 128 medicinal plant species were identified, belonging to 108 genera and 61 botanical Corresponding Author: families by reviewing 220 research articles. From the [email protected] study, it showed that the medicinal plants are used from the very ancient time to cure hepatitis Ethnobotany Research & Applications worldwide. These medicinal plants are used in 20:24 (2020) different parts of the world as a traditional herbal medicine for the control of hepatitis. ہﻼﺧﺻ : ﺲﭘ ﻣ ﻨ ﺮﻈ : ﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲﺎ اﺳﺎﮏ ﯿﻦﯾﻨﮕﭩﺋ ﺎرﮯﯿﺑیﻤ رواﮨ ہﯾ ﮩﮏﻣ ﮭﻠﺑﯽ ﺎﺘﻮﺳﮨﮑ Conclusion: Our literature review will help the ﮯﮨ ، ﺲﺟ ﯽﮐ ہﺟو ﮯﺳ ﺎصﺧ رﻮط ﺮﭘ ﯽﻗﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺎ ﻓ ہﺘ روا ﯽﻗﺮﺗ ﭘ ﺬ ﺮﯾ ﺎﻤﻣ ﮏﻟ scientific communities to identify anti-hepatitis plant ﯿﻣﮟ ﻧد ﯿ ﺎ ﺮﮭﺑ ﯿﻣﮟ ﯾﮏا ﺎکﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﺗ ﻨ ﺳﺐﺎ ﭘ اﺪﯿ اﻮﮨ ۔ﮨﮯ ﮨ ﯿ ﭙ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﭩﺲﺋ ﯽﺑ او ﺮﺋس in order to isolate novel anti-hepatitis natural (HBV) وار ﮨ ﯿ ﭙ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﭩﺲﺋ ﯽﺳ او ﺮﺋس (HCV) ﯽﮐ ﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠ ا ﺎﺴﻗ م ﮯﺳ ﺮﮨ لﺎﺳ .products ﺎﺒﯾﻘﺗﺮ 1.4 ﻠﻣ ﻦﯿ اتﻣاﻮ ﯽﮐ عﻼطا دی ﯽﺗﺎﺟ ﮨﮯ ﻮﺟ %90 اتﻣاﻮ ﺎﮐ ﺒﺐﺳ ﮯﯽ ﺘﻨﺑﮨ روا ﯾﺮﮕد %10 اتﻣاﻮ ﭩﺲﺋﺎﭨﺎﭙﯿﮨ ﯽﮐ ﺮیﺳود مﺎﻤﺗ مﺎﺴﻗا ﯽﮐ ہﺟو ,Keywords: Hepatitis, medicinal plants, treatment ﮯﺳ ﯽﺗﻮﮨ ﮨ ۔ﮟﯿ سا ﮯﮐ هوﻼﻋ ، ںؤاود ﮯﮐ ںودﻮﭘ ﮯﮐ اﻮﻓ ﺪﺋ ﯽﮐ ﺖﺣﺎﺿو ethnopharmacological, survey ﺮﮐ ﮯﻧ ﮯﮐ ﻟ ﮯﺌ ﻮﺟ ﮨ ﯿ ﭙ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﺋ ﺲﭩ ﮯﮐ جﻼﻋ ﮯﮐ ﻟ ﮯﺌ ا ﺘﺳ ﻤﻌ ﺎ ل ﮨ ﻮ ﮯﺗ ﮨ ﮟﯿ ۔ ﺮط ﯾ :ﮯﻘ ﮔ ﻮ ﮔ ﻞ ﺎﺳاﮑ ﺮﻟ ، ﺎﺳ ﺋ ﻨﺲ ڈ ا ﭧﮐﺮﺋ ﻧ ﯿﮕﯾﻮﯿ ﺮﭩ ، آ ﯽﺋ ا ﯾﺲ آ ﯽﺋ ﺐﯾو آف ﻟﺎﻧﺞ ، ﺌﺮﯾﻮﯿﻠﺴﯾا ، ﻧﮕﺮﭙﺮاﺳ ﻟﮏ ﻨ، ﭨﭧ ﯾڈﯿﺴ ﺑﺲﺎﭩ ر،ﯿ ﯾﺴﺮچ ﮔﭧ ﺐوراﯿ ﭘ ﺐوراﯿ ﮔﭧ ﯾﺴﺮچ ر،ﯿ ﺑﺲﺎﭩ ﯾڈﯿﺴ ﭨﭧ ﻨ، ﻟﮏ ﻧﮕﺮﭙﺮاﺳ ، ﺌﺮﯾﻮﯿﻠﺴﯾا ، ﻟﺎﻧﺞ Manuscript received: 24/06/2020 – Revised manuscript received: 12/09/2020 - Published: 18/09/2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.20.24.1-29 2 chronic liver disease responsible 8000-10000 deaths ﮉﯿﻣ ﮐﮯ ﺴﯿﮯﺟ ﻠﻒﺘﺨﻣ نآ ﻦﺋﻻ ﯾڈ ﭩ ﺎ ﯿﺲﺑ ﺎﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﮐﮯﺮﮐ ، ﺗ ﺦﯾرﺎ ﻮﮐ ﻮﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎ ﺗ ، ﮐﮯﺮﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﮐ ﯿﺲﺑ ﺎ ﭩ ﯾڈ ﻦﺋﻻ نآ ﻠﻒﺘﺨﻣ ﺴﯿﮯﺟ ﮐﮯ ﮉﯿﻣ .(in Pakistan per year (Moyer et al. 1999 ﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠ ا ﻢﮨ ا ﻟ ﻔ ظﺎ ےد ﺮﮐ ﻼﺗش ﯿﮐ ﺎ ﯿﮔ ﺎ ۔ ﻧد ﯿ ﺎ ﮐﮯ ﺼﮭﭽﮐ ںﻮﺣ ﯿﻣﮟ ںودﻮﭘ ںودﻮﭘ ﯿﻣﮟ ںﻮﺣ ﺼﮭﭽﮐ ﮐﮯ ﺎ ﯿ ﻧد ۔ ﺎ ﯿﮔ ﺎ ﯿﮐ وار نا ﯽﮐ ﺴﻧ ﯽﻠ ود یزﺎﺳا ﯽﮐ ﺗ ﻌ ﻠ ﯿ ﻢ ﮐﮯ ﺑ رےﺎ ﻣ ﮟﯿ ﺗ ﯿﻔﺼ ﻌﻣﯽﻠ ﻣﻮﻠ تﺎ تﺎ ﻣﻮﻠ ﻌﻣﯽﻠ ﯿﻔﺼ ﺗ ﮟﯿ ﻣ رےﺎ ﺑ ﮐﮯ ﻢ ﯿ ﻠ ﻌ ﺗ ﯽﮐ یزﺎﺳا ود ﯽﻠ All hepatitis viruses have different ways of ﺎﺣﻞﺻ ﻧﮯﺮﮐ ﮐﮯ ﻟ ﺌﮯ ﻼشﺗ ﮐﮯ ﻞﻤﻋ ﮐﮯ نارود ﺘﺨﻣ ﻠﻒ ا ﮨ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﻔ ظﺎ ظﺎ ﻔ ﻟ ا ﻢ ﮨ ا ﻠﻒ ﺘﺨﻣ نارود ﮐﮯ ﻞﻤﻋ ﮐﮯ ﻼشﺗ ﺌﮯ ﻟ ﮐﮯ ﻧﮯﺮﮐ ﺎﺣﻞﺻ transmission. For instance, the hepatitis A virus is ﺳاﺘ لﺎﻤﻌ ﯿﮯﮐ ۔ﺌﮯﮔ easily transmitted under unhygienic condition and in ﮐﻞ:ﺋﺞﺎﺘﻧ 128 ود ںؤا ﮐﮯ ودںﻮﭘ ﯽﮐ ا ﻮﻧ عا ﯽﮐ ﺎﺸﻧ ﻧ ﺪ ﯽﮨ ﯽﮐ ﮔ ﯽﺌ ، ﻦﺟ ﮐ ﺎ ﺎﮐﻦ ،ﯽ ﮐﯽ ﺸ ﮐع ﻧاﯽ دﻮ ﮯںاو poor sanitation. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is ﻖﻠﻌﺗ 108 ﻠﺴﻧ ںﻮ ا رو 61 ﺧﺗﯽﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﻮںﻧﮯﮯاﺪﻧﺎ ﺳ ﻄﮨ۔ ﮯﺎﮯﻣ ﻟ،ﺳ ﻌ ہﯾ ہﯾ ﻌ ﻟ،ﺳ ﮯﺎﮯﻣ ﻄﮨ۔ ﺳ ﻮںﻧﮯﮯاﺪﻧﺎ ﺧﺗﯽﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ transmitted via blood and also in some case it ﺎظ ﺮﮨ ﮨ ﻮ ا ﮨﮯ ہﮐ ود ںؤا ﮐﮯ ودںﻮﭘ ﻮﮐ د ﻧ ﯿ ﺎ ﺑ ﺮﮭ ﻣ ﮟﯿ ﮨ ﯿ ﭙ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﺋ ﭩﺲ ﮐﮯ جﻼﻋ جﻼﻋ ﮐﮯ ﭩﺲ ﺋ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﭙ ﯿ ﮨ ﮟﯿ ﻣ ﺮﮭ ﺑ ﺎ ﯿ ﻧ د ﻮﮐ ودںﻮﭘ ﮐﮯ ںؤا ود transmitted from the blood-derived products (Seeger ﮯﮐ ﻟ ﮯﺌ ﺖﮩﺑ ﻢﯾﺪﻗ ﺎﻣز ﮯﻧ ﮯﺳ ﯽﮨ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﯿﮐ ﺎ ﺎﺟ ﺗ ﺎ ۔ﮯﮨ ہﯾ ںؤاود ﮯﮐ ﮯﮐ ںؤاود ہﯾ ۔ﮯﮨ ﺎ ﺗ ﺎﺟ ﺎ ﯿﮐ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﯽﮨ ﮯﺳ ﮯﻧ ﺎﻣز ﻢﯾﺪﻗ ﺖﮩﺑ ﮯﺌ ﻟ ﮯﮐ .(et al. 2020 ںوﻮﭘد ﻮﮐ ﮨ ﯿ ﭙ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﭩﺲﺋ ﮐﮯ ﻨﮐ لوﺮﭩ ﮐﮯ ﺌﮯﻟ اور ﯾ ﯽﺘ یﮍﺟ ﻮﯿںﭨﻮﺑ ﯽﮐ اود ﯽﺋ ﯽﺋ اود ﯽﮐ ﻮﯿںﭨﻮﺑ یﮍﺟ ﯽﺘ ﯾ اور ﺌﮯﻟ ﮐﮯ لوﺮﭩ ﻨﮐ ﮐﮯ ﭩﺲﺋ ﺎ ﭨ ﺎ ﭙ ﯿ ﮨ ﻮﮐ ںوﻮﭘد ﮯﮐ رﻮط ﺮﭘ ﻧد ﯿ ﺎ ﮯﮐ ﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠ ںﻮﺼﺣ ﮟﯿﻣ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﯿﮐ ﺎ ﺎﺟ ﺗ ﺎ ۔ﮯﮨ There is a complex biological and cultural ہﺠ ﯿﺘﻧاﺧ ﺮﮐﺬ :ﺎﻧ رﺎﻤﮨے ﻟ ﺮﭽﯾﺮﭩ ﺟﺎﮐ ﺎ ﺳهﺰﺋ ﺎ ﺋ ﯽﺴﻨ ںﻮﯾرداﺮﺑ ﻮﮐ ا ﯾ ﻨ ﯽﭩ ﯽﭩ ﻨ ﯾ ا ﻮﮐ ںﻮﯾرداﺮﺑ ﯽﺴﻨ ﺋ ﺎ ﺳهﺰﺋ ﺎ ﺟﺎﮐ relationship between plants and human beings ﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲﺎ ﻧﭩﺋﭘﭧﻼﺎ ﮐﯽ ﺧﻨﺖﺷ ﺮﮐﮯﺎ ﯿﮟﻣﻧ ےدﺪﻣ ﺎﮔد ہﮐﺎﺗ ﯽولﺎﻧ ﭩﻨﯾﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲاﺎ ﭩﺋﺎ ﭩﻨﯾﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲاﺎ ﯽولﺎﻧ ہﮐﺎﺗ ﺎﮔد ےدﺪﻣ ﯿﮟﻣﻧ ﺮﮐﮯﺎ ﺧﻨﺖﺷ ﮐﯽ ﻧﭩﺋﭘﭧﻼﺎ ﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲﺎ Balick 1996) and herbal medicines have a great role) ﺼﯽﺗﺪﻗر ﺎتﻋﻮﻨﻣ ﻮﮐ ﻟﮓا ﻠﮓﮭﺗ ﯿﮐ ﺎ ۔ﮑﺳﺎﮯﺟ in the discovery of different drugs, and they are used ﮨاﻢ ﺎ:ﻟاظﻔ ﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲﺎ ﭩﺋ،ﺎ ؤںاﮯود وںدﻮﭘﮐ ﻋﻼ،ج ، ﯿﮑﻞﻮﺟﻟﻮﮐﺎﻣﺮﻓﻮﻨﺘﯾﮭا ، ، ﯿﮑﻞﻮﺟﻟﻮﮐﺎﻣﺮﻓﻮﻨﺘﯾﮭا ، ﻋﻼ،ج وںدﻮﭘﮐ ؤںاﮯود ﭩﺋ،ﺎ ﭨﭙﯿﮨﺲﺎ .for the cure of different disorders all over the world ےوﺮﺳ ۔ Background Usually these sources are available in abundance The liver is an organ and paramount importance. It and traditional medicines benefits 80 percent of aids in the metabolism of ingested substances like population on earth (Gewali & Awake 2008, food, alcohol, dietary substances and most Wangchuk et al. 2011). In modern pharmacopoeia, medications (Govind and Pandey 2011, Thomas et almost 25 percent of all drugs were derived from al. 2011). There are many causes of liver disorders, plants (Phytomedicines) and other are synthetic but the major causes are various toxic chemicals, analogous of natural products (Pseudo natural some antibiotics, alcohol, and food. In addition, liver products) built on prototype compounds derived from disorders are also caused due to the infections of plants (Bandaranayake 2006). Several medicinal various kinds of parasites, viruses, fungi or bacteria. plants and their formulations have been used around Different liver disorders like hepatitis, jaundice, the world for the treatment of liver diseases and this inflammation of liver, cirrhosis (a digestive disorder has encouraged the scientific community to research that is the result of liver fibrosis), and liver cancer the effect of these medicinal plants which can treat also be caused by autoimmune distractions (Govind HCV in a comprehensive manner (Ashfaq & Idress & Pandey 2011). The word hepatitis originates from 2014). Many drugs have been reported against HCV two Greek words, hepta that refers to liver and it is until date and many of them are found successful in meaning inflammation. Hepatitis is present in many clinical trials, but viral resistance and the negative forms such as including virus hepatitis, autoimmune effects of these drugs have made their therapeutical hepatitis, fatty liver hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and application against HCV limited (Kitazato et al. toxin induced hepatitis these all types of hepatitis is 2007). The effect of Acacia nilotica (AN) in inhibition identified as a hepatitis virus that attack and harm of HCV and of other plants e.g. against herpes liver cells (Khan et al. 2010). simplex virus (HSV), poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus have been confirmed (Konowalchuk and Spears 1976). Our The Hepatitis B virus was first studied in 1963 study aims to elicit plant species used against liver (Cusheri 2002) and it is estimated that more than two disorders especially hepatitis. billion people have ate some point been infected with HBV on global level (World Health Organization Materials and Methods 2000. About, 520000 patients annually from hepatitis By using different online database such as Google type B and C (International consensus conference scholar, Science Direct Navigator, ISI Web of 2002). Hepatitis C was first cloned (Choo et al. 1989, Knowledge, Elsevier, springer link, Test databases, Alamo et al. 2013). About 170 million people are research gate and PubMed, date were retrieved by affected by hepatitis C virus, according to World using different keywords in order to derive detailed Health Organization (WHO), which causes liver information of plants and their ethno- cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (Chen & pharmacological studies of various regions of the Morgan 2006).
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