Teaching Undergraduate Voice: a Repertoire-Based Approach to Singing
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TEACHING UNDERGRADUATE VOICE: A REPERTOIRE-BASED APPROACH TO SINGING BY Matthew Latta Submitted to the faculty of the Jacobs School of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Music, Indiana University February 2012 Accepted by the faculty of the Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Music. ___________________________________ Dr. Estelle Jorgensen, Research Director __________________________________ Dr. Brian Horne, Chairperson __________________________________ Dr. Robert Harrison __________________________________ Professor Patricia Havranek ii Copyright © 2012 Matthew Latta iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to extend a warm thanks to the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music and, specifically, the faculty members comprising the final project committee— Dr. Estelle Jorgensen, Dr. Brian Horne, Dr. Robert Harrison, and Professor Patricia Havranek—for all their time, encouragement, care, and expertise throughout the writing process. A special thanks, also, to Dr. Brent Gault who helped shape the final draft of the document and defense. Your contributions are greatly appreciated. iv CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES vi. LIST OF TABLES vii. MUSICAL EXAMPLES viii. CHAPTER 1. Introduction: Three Problems 1 CHAPTER 2. Teaching Undergraduate Voice 5 1. Rationale 5 2. Developing a Repertoire-Based Approach to Singing 50 3. A Philosophical Justification 56 4. Delimitations 56 5. The Chapters to Follow 57 CHAPTER 3. The Theory of A Repertoire-Based Approach to Singing 60 1. Scenario 60 2. Historical Precedence 67 3. Three-dimensional Model 79 CHAPTER 4. The Practice of A Repertoire-Based Approach to Singing 119 1. Toward Categorizing the Repertoire 119 2. Observable Patterns in the Boytim Repertoire Series 122 3. Practical Examples 127 CHAPTER 5. Conclusion: Toward the Future 139 APPENDIX The Boytim Series: Indexed Repertoire Tables 142 BIBLOGRAPHY 182 v LIST OF FIGURES 1. Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956) 12 2. Bloom’s Taxonomy, updated by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) 13 3. A model of the physical processes involved in singing 20 4. D. A. Clippinger: A brief outline of elements of singing from the table of contents from The Clippinger Class-Method of Voice Culture 71 5. Anne Pierce: Categories and concepts relative to the singer with adjoining repertoire from the table of contents from Class Lessons in Singing 72 6. Harry Robert Wilson: Categories and concepts relative to the singer with adjoining repertoire from the table of contents from The Solo Singer: A Method of Teaching Singing in the Studio Classroom: Songs, Vocalises and Interpretative Suggestions: Medium-Low Voice 74 7. A three-dimensional model of a Repertoire-Based Approach to Singing 80 8. Vocal ranges described as soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass from Music Cataloging at Yale, Music Cataloging Resources, “Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings section H 1917.5: Base vocal range on the verbal indication on the item 87 9. Vocal ranges described as high, medium, and low from Music Cataloging at Yale, Music Cataloging Resources, “Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings section H 1917.5: Base vocal range on the verbal indication on the item 90 10. Rhetorical questions posed to identify musical topographies for the concepts of vocalization: dynamics, onset, sostenuto, imposto, range, registration, aggiustamento, and dexterity 120 vi LIST OF TABLES 1. Verbs used as activities for each of the major classes of cognition for Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956) 14 2. Technical concepts and skills supporting the respiration, phonation, 21 resonation, and articulation processes 3. Common synonyms for technical vocal concepts 23 4. Relevant pedagogy texts for choosing technical singing skills 24 5. Authors and their inclusions of vocal skills and concepts 25 6. Vocal Ranges for soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass 87 7. Tessitura, grouped as high and low within specific melodic ranges 88 8. Vocal transition points, typical registration events based on pitch, described in two groups, or series of pitches 89 9. Songs appearing in the Boytim Series with musical topographies supporting all eight concepts of vocalization: dynamics, onset, sostenuto, imposto, range, registration, aggiustamento, and dexterity 124 vii LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES 1. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 80, system 3, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 61 2. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 81, system 1, measures 1-2, vocal line only, treble clef 62 3. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 82, system 2, measures 1-2, vocal line only, treble clef 62 4. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 82, system 3, measure 3, vocal line only, treble clef 62 5. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 80, system 1, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 65 6. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 80, system 2, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 66 7. “O Del Mio Amato Ben,” Stefano Donaudy, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 81, systems 2 and 3, measures 1-2 (respectively), vocal line only, treble clef 67 8. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 175, exercise 13.2 96 9. “Come To The Fair,” Easthope Martin, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Soprano Solos, Part II, page 33, system two, measures 3-7, vocal line only, treble clef 97 10. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 11, exercise 1.4 98 11, Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 11, exercise 1.7 98 12: “Open Our Eyes,” W. C. Macfarlane, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Mezzo-Soprano/Alto Solos, page 103, system four, measures 4-6, vocal line only, treble clef 99 viii List of Musical Examples (continued) 13. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 109, exercise 8.1 99 14. “I Hear You Calling Me,” Charles Marshal, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part III, page 37, system four, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 100 15. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 62, exercise 4.2 101 16. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 62, exercise 4.4 102 17. “The Bells of Clermont Town,” A. M. Goodhart, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Baritone/Bass Solos, page 13, system two, un-measured, vocal line only, treble clef 103 18. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 70, exercise 12.9 104 19. “Alleluja,” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The Second Book of Soprano Solos, Part II, page 9, system three, measures 2-8, vocal line only, treble clef 105 20. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 138, exercise 10.15, for achieving low voice (female) 106 21. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 143, exercise 10.15, for achieving head voice in the middle range (female) 106 22. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 144, exercise 10.21, for achieving head voice sensations throughout the voice (female) 106 23. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 127, exercise 9.6, for achieving an even registered scale in the lower and middle voice (male) 107 24. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 130, exercise 9.17, for achieving an even registered scale in the upper and middle voice (male) 107 25. “Tears,” Charles T. Griffes, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The Second Book of Mezzo-soprano/Alto Solos, Part II, page 119, system two, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 108 ix List of Musical Examples (continued) 26. “Where’er You Walk,” George Frideric Handel, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Tenor Solos, Part II, page 121, system four, measures 1-2, vocal line only, treble clef 108 27. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 159, exercise 11.1 109 28. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 159, exercise 11.3 109 29. “Child Of The Flowing Tide,” Martin Shaw, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The Second Book of Baritone/Bass Solos, page 33, system three, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 110 30. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 45, exercise 3.13 111 31. Richard Miller, from The Structure of Singing, page 45, exercise 3.17 111 32. “The Willow Song,” Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Soprano Solos, Part III, page 138, system three, measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 112 33. “Bonne Nuit,” Jules Massenet, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Soprano Solos, page 13, system three, measures 1-4, vocal line only, treble clef 128 34. “Ich liebe dich,” Edvard Grieg, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Mezzo-Soprano/Alto Solos, Part III, page 51, system one, measures 1-4, vocal line only, treble clef 129 35. “The Call,” Ralph Vaughan Williams, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The Second Book of Tenor Solos, page 17, system four, measures 1-5, vocal line only, treble clef 130 36. “When Big Profundo Sang Low ‘C’,” George Botsford, from Joan Frey Boytim’s The First Book of Baritone/Bass Solos, Part III, page 137, system three, Measures 1-3, vocal line only, treble clef 131 37.