DOCSLIB.ORG

A. Jay Cristol Papers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A. Jay Cristol Papers http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8z322s4 No online items Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol papers Finding aid prepared by Lyalya Kharitonova Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2014 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 1 papers Title: A. Jay Cristol papers Date (inclusive): 1967-2013 Collection Number: 2015C12 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 95 manuscript boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 5 card file boxes, 1 oversize item, 2 oversize folders(47.3 Linear Feet) Abstract: Writings, correspondence, notes, interview transcripts, photocopies of government documents, printed matter, photographs, and videocassettes relating to the Israeli naval and air attack on the American naval intelligence ship Liberty on 8 June 1967. Used as research material for the book by A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Washington, D.C., 2002) and for the revised edition of that book, The Liberty Incident Revealed: The Definitive Account of the 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Annapolis, 2013). Creator: Cristol, A. Jay, 1929- Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 2014. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], A. Jay Cristol papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Biographical Note Ahron Jay Cristol is the chief judge of the Florida bankruptcy court, a lecturer in law of naval warfare, and a former U.S. Navy aviator and lawyer. He enrolled in the Graduate School of International Studies, where he spent ten years researching the USS Liberty incident of 8 June 1967. In his Ph.D. thesis, Cristol analyzed the official investigations of the Liberty incident and conducted interviews. Freedom of Information Act requests were used to obtain declassification of reports and documents. Cristol was also able to obtain classified Israeli documents. The conclusion of the thesis confirmed the official investigations and demonstrated that the attack on the USS Liberty was a mistake. In 1997, Cristol earned a Ph.D. degree on this work. In 2002, he published his analysis as a book. Scope and Content of Collection The collection is comprised of writings, correspondence, notes, interview transcripts, photocopies of government documents, printed matter, photographs, and audio and video recordings relating to the Israeli naval and air attack on the American naval intelligence ship Liberty on 8 June 1967. Used as research material for the book by A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Washington, D.C., 2002) and for the revised edition of that book, The Liberty Incident Revealed: The Definitive Account of the 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Annapolis, 2013). Subjects and Indexing Terms Video tapes Israel-Arab War, 1967 -- Naval operations United States -- Armed Forces -- Mediterranean Sea United States -- Foreign relations -- Israel Israel -- Foreign relations -- United States Liberty (Ship) United States. Navy Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 Scope and Contents note Contains material gathered regarding the USS Liberty incident of June 8, 1967. Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 2 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 General files 1986-2012 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence, clippings, and internet printouts. box 86 1986-2006 box 94 1988-2006 box 63 1991-2012 box 65 2005-2009 box 43 303 Committee 1976 Scope and Contents Includes minutes of the meeting. box 35 Abdeen, Ahmed Zaki 1994-1995 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and notes. box 35 Abu-Odeh, Adnan S. 1994-1995 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 35 Adams, Mimi 2004 Scope and Contents Correspondence box 35 Adel, Rafi 1992 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and notes. box 78 Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP), Israel 1982-1986 Scope and Contents Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 3 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 Includes maps. box 74 Air control tape transcriptions and translations 1967-2004 box 8 Air strike 1967-1993 Scope and Contents Research files box 34 Aftergood, Steven 2001-2008 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and reports. Al-Ahram 1967-2001 Scope and Contents Includes copies of news clippings and correspondence. box 93 1967-1994 box 76 1967-1995 box 34 1994 box 89 2000-2001 box 50 Allied Tactical Publication (ATP 1) 1991-1992 Scope and Contents Correspondence and notes. box 33 Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 4 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 Almog, Joe 1989-1990 Scope and Contents Correspondence and printed matter. box 33 Alouf, Amos 1990-1991 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 33 American-Arab Affairs 1985-1986 Scope and Contents Clippings box 47 American Educational Trust 2003-2004 Scope and Contents Includes printed matter. American Free Press 2000-2008 Scope and Contents Includes internet printout. box 57 2002 box 47 2007-2008 box 33 Americans for Middle East Understanding (AMEU) 1984-1992 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and printted matter. Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 5 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 box 34 American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) 1988-2001 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 47 American Jewish Committee 1968-2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and printed matter. box 9 Amikacide: Friendly Fire 1967-1996 Scope and Contents Research files box 47 Amit, Robert 1990 Scope and Contents Includes Amit's interview transcript. Anderson, Debra 1991-2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 48 1991-2002 box 88 2002-2003 box 35 Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 1989-2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and printed matter. Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 6 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 box 10 Arab-Israeli Crisis and War 1964-2004 Scope and Contents Includes conference papers. box 50 Arab Navies 1990 Scope and Contents Research material box 50 Arabisto 2007 Scope and Contents Internet printouts for USS Liberty from Arabisto.com box 50 Arbel, Miki 2001-2002 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and clippings. box 50 Ariel, Beny 1976-1988 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence, photographs, and notes. box 50 Armbrister, Trevor 2002-2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspomdence and clippings. box 50 Ashur, Abraham 1989-1992 Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 7 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence, photographs, and notes. box 50 Ashkenazi, Ruven 1986-1989 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence, a photograph, and notes. box 35 Atar, Orna 2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 50 Atkinson, Bert 1992 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 50 Atlantic Fleet 1994 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 12 The Attack on the "Liberty" Incident, official reports by Israeli Defence Forces, History Department, Research and Instruction Branch 1982 box 50 Austin, Jim 2002 Scope and Contents Correspondence box 73 Authorizations and permissions 2000-2006 box 50 Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 8 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 Ayalon, Aluf Ami 1992-1996 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and photographs. box 23 Bagby, Dick 2004-2005 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 23 Baker, Richard K. 2001 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 23 Ball, George 1986-1992 Scope and Contents Includes Ball interview transcript. box 23 Bamford, James, 1990-2007 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence, book reviews, and clippings. box 21 Barb, Mitchell 1967-1999 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 21 Bareket, Y. S. 1990 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 9 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 box 21 Barnes & Noble's book reviews 2002-2004 Scope and Contents Readers book review on The Liberty Incident, by J. Cristol. box 21 Barret, Bruce 1997 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and court papers. box 21 Battle, Lucius D 1970-1990 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 21 Bayne, Marmaduke 2003 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and transcript of David Winkler interview with Bayne. box 21 Bedrosian, John 1989-1993 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and notes. box 21 Ben-Arie, Oded 1970-1991 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence and notes. box 21 Ben-Nun, Avihu 1989-1992 Inventory of the A. Jay Cristol 2015C12 10 papers Liberty Project Subject File 1965-2013 General files 1986-2012 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 21 Ben Yosef, Aluf Mishne Yoghai 1997-1998 Scope and Contents Correspondence and notes. box 21 Bennett, Maurice 1998-2009 Scope and Contents Includes correspondence. box 21 Berlitzheimer, Zeev 1989-1991 Scope and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Attack on Liberty
    A Message from Rabbi Tilsen Attack on Liberty The billboard on I-95 simply states, “Help the incidents. USS Liberty Survivors, attacked by Israel, www. One of the thousands of recorded friendly fire incidents HonorLibertyVets.org.” Here is an explanation of why this occurred near Kandahar, Afghanistan, in April 2002, is nothing more or less than anti-Jewish hate speech, as when four members of Princess Patricia’s Canadian well as an explanation of what the USS Liberty incident light infantry regiment were killed (and others injured) was about. after a US Air National Guard major dropped a bomb on On 8 June 1967, in the midst of the Six Day War, the them from an F-16 jet fighter. The pilot claimed he was Israel Air Force and Navy attacked the US Naval vessel confused. There was no American apology. Could it be that Liberty off the cost of Sinai, killing 34 American crew a trained American warrior could not tell the difference members and wounding 171 others. The official Israeli and between Princess Patricia and the Taliban? Was this the American explanation first salvo in an effort was that it was a case to conquer Canada, of mistaken identity; or payback for one of the Israeli government those many historical apologized and paid Canadian atrocities? reparations. However, Is “accident” really numerous conspiracy enough of an theories have excuse to these dead circulated claiming Canadian patriots? that the attack was Don’t they deserve a intentional. better explanation? There is no Are Canadians placing explanation that can billboards along neutralize the raw narrative that Israeli forces bombed a their freeways demanding an investigation into America’s US Naval vessel and killed 34 crew members.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights
    A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights © Copyright 2010, The Veritas Handbook. 1st Edition: July 2010. Online PDF, Cost: $0.00 Cover Photo: Ahmad Mesleh This document may be reproduced and redistributed, in part, or in full, for educational and non- profit purposes only and cannot be used for fundraising or any monetary purposes. We encourage you to distribute the material and print it, while keeping the environment in mind. Photos by Ahmad Mesleh, Jon Elmer, and Zoriah are copyrighted by the authors and used with permission. Please see www.jonelmer.ca, www.ahmadmesleh.wordpress.com and www.zoriah.com for detailed copyright information and more information on these photographers. Excerpts from Rashid Khalidi’s Palestinian Identity, Ben White’s Israeli Apartheid: A Beginner’s Guide and Norman Finkelstein’s This Time We Went Too Far are also taken with permission of the author and/or publishers and can only be used for the purposes of this handbook. Articles from The Electronic Intifada and PULSE Media have been used with written permission. We claim no rights to the images included or content that has been cited from other online resources. Contact: [email protected] Web: www.veritashandbook.blogspot.com T h e V E R I T A S H a n d b o o k 2 A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights To make this handbook possible, we would like to thank 1. The Hasbara Handbook and the Hasbara Fellowships 2. The Israel Project’s Global Language Dictionary Both of which served as great inspirations, convincing us of the necessity of this handbook in our plight to establish truth and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Version of Richard Sturman's Statement
    TO COMMAND... In each ship there is one man who, in the hour of emergency or peril at sea, can turn to no other man. There is one who alone is ultimately responsible for the safe navigation, engineering performance, accurate gunfire and morale of his ship. He is the Commanding Officer. He is the ship! Captain, William Loren McGonagle USS LIBERTY (AGTR-5) In June 1982, fifteen-years after the attack, the survivors who could be located reunited for their first time in Washington, D.C. During that emotional, soul wrenching, and at times traumatic weekend, time and again what was discussed with incredulity was how our government, without challenge or dispute, was allowing the State of Israel to present their version of the attack to the American people as fact. One result of that weekend was that the USS LIBERTY VETERANS ASSOCIATION came into being so the remaining survivors and former crewmen could be located, to pay tribute to our Commanding Officer, Captain McGonagle and to our ship, USS LIBERTY. But more importantly, we gather to sustain the memory of our 34 friends and shipmates who gave their lives in the service of their country. Disgracefully, before awarding the Congressional Medal of Honor to our Commanding Officer for his heroic deeds our government first asked the government of the State of Israel if they had any objections. The Medal of Honor was then presented in a Washington, D.C. Naval Shipyard by the Secretary of the Navy. Hours later, then-President Lyndon Johnson awarded similar Medals of Honor at the White House with all the pomp and circumstance accorded the recipient of our country's highest award for Valor.
    [Show full text]
  • A Report of War Crimes Committed
    This report of war crimes committed against U.S. military personnel is submitted to the Honorable Secretary of the Army in his capacity as Executive Agent for the Secretary of Defense, pursuant to Department of Defense Directive Number 5810.01B (29 March 2004) 1. 1 CJCSI 5810.01B (29 March 2004) provides in relevant part, attached as Exhibit 1: 1. Purpose. Pursuant to the authorities delegated in references a and b, this instruction establishes joint pol- icy, assigns responsibilities, and provides guidance regarding the law of war obligations of the United States. Reference a provides policy guidance and assigns responsibility within the Department of Defense for a program to ensure compliance with the law of war. 4. Policy a. The Armed Forces of the United States will comply with the law of war during all armed conflicts, however such conflicts are characterized, and, unless otherwise directed by competent authorities, the US Armed Forces will comply with the principles and spirit of the law of war during all other operations. Specifically, ref- erence A provides that it is the policy of the Department of Defense to ensure that: (1) The law of war obligations of the US Government are observed and enforced by the US Armed Forces. (2) An effective program designed to prevent violations of the law of war is implemented by the US Armed Forces. (3) All reportable incidents committed by or against members of (or persons serving with or accom- panying) the US Armed Forces are promptly reported, thoroughly investigated and, where appro- priate, remedied by corrective action.
    [Show full text]
  • Az9 Oren(Lig)
    The ‘USS Liberty’: Case Closed ichael . ren arly in the afternoon of June 8, 1967, Israeli jets and missile boats E opened fire on the USS Liberty, an American surveillance ship opera- ting off the coast of Gaza. Struck by rockets, cannons and torpedoes, the ves- sel suffered extensive damage and over 200 casualties. Israeli forces were then engaged in the fourth day of what would soon be called the Six Day War, which would result in a devastating defeat for the combined armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan. At first overshadowed by Israel’s stunning victory, the attack on the Liberty was destined to become a recurring source of tension between Israel and the United States. Although Israel apologized for the attack and paid compensation to its victims, many American officials rejected Israel’s claim that the Liberty incident had been an honest mistake. Rather, they blamed Israel for what was at best inexcusable negligence, or at worst the premedi- tated murder of American servicemen. Such charges persisted in the face of successive inquiries by a broad range of American agencies and Congres- sional committees, as well as a full Israeli court of inquiry, all of which found no proof whatsoever that Israel knowingly attacked an American ship. On the contrary, the evidence produced by these investigations lent 74 • Azure further support to Israel’s claim that its decision to attack was, given the cir- cumstances, a reasonable error. These findings notwithstanding, the case of the assault on the Liberty has never been closed. If anything, the accusations leveled against Israel have grown sharper with time.
    [Show full text]
  • Attack on a Sigint Collector, the USS Liberty (8 CCO)
    TOP SECRET UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY Attack on a Sigint Collector, the U.S.S. Liberty (8 CCO) ~O'f ftELEASABLE 'fO t'OftEI8!.- NA'flONAL3 'fHIS f){)Et:Jt.IEN'f E6N'fAINS eot>EW6Kf> MA'fEKIAL Classified by NSA/CSSM 123-2 Review in April 2011 Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 11-08-2006 pursuant to E.O. 12958, as amended. MDR 51712. TOP SECRET Contents of this publication should not be reproduced, or further disseminated outside the U.S. Intelligence Community without the permission of the Director, NSA/CSS. Inquiries about reproduction and dissemination should be directed to the Office of Cryptologic Archives and History, T54. i 'fOP SECRE'f UMBRA I UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY Special Series Crisis Collection Volume 1 Attack on a Sigint Collector, the U.S.S. Liberty (S-CCO) William D. Gerhard Henry W. Millington NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE 1981 NO'f KELEASABLE 'fO FOKEIGN NA'flONALS 'fOP SHCRE'f UMBRA -- -- --- -~--------...................,...~ UNCLASSIFIED Contents Page Foreword----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii Authors' Note------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix Chapter I POLITICAL-MILITARY BACKGROUND <V>---------------------------------------­ Chapter II CONSIDERATIONS LEADING TO THE SHIP'S DEPLOYMENT (U) ----------------­ 5 The Requirements for Intelligence (U) ----------------------------------------------------­ 5 Technical Collection Factors (U) ----------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Survey of the Middle East Syllabus
    UTEP DSS 5313 – Strategic Survey of the Middle East Summer 2021 Strategic Survey of the Middle East DSS 5313 Summer 2021 Online course Dr. Daniel E. Szarke [email protected] Course overview This graduate course provides a strategic overview of socio-economic issues, political contexts, and security challenges facing Middle Eastern states, including physical, cultural, historical, and environmental patterns and problems in the region. Additionally, political instability, insurgencies and counterinsurgency efforts in the region will be discussed. The nations in the area are examined in light of the themes of security and development. Course objectives Introduce students to important themes in a strategic survey of the region, to include but not limited to: a. Historical and cultural context in the region b. Sunni-Shi’i historical background c. Strategic importance of regional water supplies d. Israeli-Palestinian conflict e. Country by country, as well as regional analysis Course requirements and grading Reading the assigned texts each week provides a starting point toward an understanding of the course subject material. Students are expected to reflect upon these texts through active participation in weekly discussion boards as well as comments on the posts of others in the course. Active participation demonstrates your grasp of the material and is part of your grade. The success of this class is dependent upon the preparation and participation of its members. Students will also compose a final paper leveraging course readings and discussions to examine a significant related topic. While the span of acceptable topics is generally broad, students are encouraged to write on a more specific topic of their choosing in order to keep their paper focused.
    [Show full text]
  • Re All Palestinians: History of Israeli Terror Killings
    Today in Solidarity We’re All Palestinians: History of Israeli Terror Killings Gaza Aggression Timeline By Stephen Lendman Theme: Crimes against Humanity Global Research, January 19, 2009 In-depth Report: PALESTINE 19 January 2009 World outrage continues over Israeli war crimes and Washington’s complicity. Gazans are now immortalized. Hamas is more popular than ever and remains resolute despite everything the IDF threw against it. Democrats and Republicans share equal guilt. They fund Israeli state terror, are partnered in its aggression, and have collaboratively planned, supported, and/or agreed to it for the past 41 years. Continuity under Obama is assured. The current Gaza carnage is the worst since 1967. In spite of its “unilateral” ceasefire, sporadic Israeli attacks continue. The IDF merely redeployed. Gaza remains under siege, and human suffering is overwhelming and unrelieved. Since December 27, Israel conducted terror bombings, tank and naval vessel shellings, and assault troop slaughter on the ground. Illegal weapons were used. Neighborhoods are burning and in ruins. Horrific wounds are reported. Civilians were willfully massacred. They comprise 80 – 90% of the casualties according to human rights organizations and medical authority reports. All 1.5 million Gazans were targeted. They still are. There’s no place anywhere to hide. Sporadic fighting continues after Israel’s January 17 announcement. Earlier, Israeli Radio reported that more reservists were activated and that IDF operations were in “phase three.” Forces on the ground pushed deeper into Gaza where they remained up to now. Attacks on neighborhoods and refugee camps intensified. Death and injury tolls mount. They approach 7000 but exclude potentially hundreds of unidentified bodies under rubble.
    [Show full text]
  • The Assault on the Liberty: the True Story of the Israeli Attack on An
    ASSAULT ON THE . LIBERTY JAMES M. ENNES~ JR. ASSAULT ON THE LIBERTY The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an American Intelligence Ship th Random House New York FOR WILLIAM ALLENBAUGH PHILIP ARMSTRONG GARY BLANCHARD ALLEN BLUE FRANCIS BROWN RONNIE CAMPBELL JERRY CONVERSE ROBERT EISENBERG JERRY GOSS CURTIS GRAVES LAWRENCE HAYDEN WARREN HERSEY ALAN HIGGINS CARL HOAR RICHARD KEENE JAMES LENAU RAYMOND LINN JAMES LUPTON DUANE MARGGRAF DAVID MARLBOROUGH ANTHONY MENDLE CARL NYGREN JAMES PIERCE JACK RAPER EDWARD REHMEYER DAVID SKOLAK JOHN SMITH, JR. MELVIN SMITH JOHN SPICHER ALEXANDER THOMPSON THOMAS THORNTON PHILLIPE TIEDTKE STEPHEN TOTH FREDERICK WALTON Of the events of the war, I have not ventured to speak from any chance information, nor according to any notion of my own; I have described nothing but what I either saw myself, or learned from others of whom I made the most careful and particular inquiry. The task was a laborious one • • • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, i.c. (404 B.C.) Foreword by Thomas H. Moorer, Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.) This fifth edition of Assault on the Liberty should be read by all Americans even though it has now been eighteen years since Israeli warplanes and tor­ pedo boats attacked for several hours a ship of the United States Navy. The ship was clearly identified, not only by its unique configuration but by a very large U.S. flag that was flown at the time. The weather was calm and the visi­ bility was excellent. During this unprovoked attack 34 U.S. Navy men were killed and 171 wounded.
    [Show full text]
  • Assault on the Uss Liberty: Deliberate Action Or Tragic Accident?
    ASSAULT ON THE USS LIBERTY: DELIBERATE ACTION OR TRAGIC ACCIDENT? BY COLONEL PEYTON E. SMITH United States Army DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release. Distribution is Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 2007 This SRP is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree. The views expressed in this student academk research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050 !sociatio ;onon nd the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT ASSAULT ON THE USS LIBERTY: DELIBERATE ACTION OR TRAGIC ACCIDENT? by Colonel Peyton E. Smith United States Army Commander Mark A. Stroh Project Adviser This SRP is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree. The U.S. Army War College is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, (215) 662-5606. The Commission on Higher Education is an institutional accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. The views expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. U.S. Army War College CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013 ABSTRACT AUTHOR: Colonel Peyton E. Smith TITLE: Assault on the USS Liberty: Deliberate Action or Tragic Accident? FORMAT: Strategy Research Project DATE: 30 March 2007 WORD COUNT: 7,459 PAGES: 29 KEY TERMS: Naval History, Rules of Engagement, Military Intelligence CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified The USS Liberty was an unarmed electronic inteHigence gathering naval vessel patrolling in international waters off the Sinai Peninsula in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Report HERE
    ~ep SEeRB~- UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY Approved for Releas signed: Date: 02-Jul-2003 ~,6'f ftf3t.f3~*Bt.f3'f6 Peftf316~,~,~'fle~,,~I:B ~Wli I)O~~~~ji~ ~O~!'!'_Y~li~ogi~rgRg ~.~'_:;iRI_~ Classified by NSA/CSSM 123-2 Review in April 2011 Tep SEeRET Contents of this publication should not be reproduced, or further disseminated outside the U.S. Intelligence Community without the permission of the Director, NSA/CSS. Inquiries about reproduction and dissemination should be directed to the Office of Cryptologic Archives and History, T54. ~ j ) 1f9P SB6RB!I! H~.IBH.~ UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY Special Series Crisis Collection Volume 1 William D. Gerhard Henry W. Millington NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE 1981 ~;ell3 RHI.H*S*B~B 1139P9RBI8~~ ...~~fFl9...:.\LS ~ep 8B8RB~ H~.~R UNCLASSIFIED (b) (1) (b) (3) -50 USC 403 (b) (3)-18 USC 798 (b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Contents ~ i Page ! , ! vii :f ix i t, f ::::~o~:::~:=::::~~:~;::::::::::::::::::~Chapter I POLlTIC~Mn.lTARY , B~CKGROUND", (U) 1 1 f t Chapter II CONSmERATIONS LEADING TO THE SHIP'S DEPLOYMENT (U) 5 ~ I ; { ~ 1__\--~--~:-::~E;e~~-~ i The Technical Requirements Collection'Factors f~r Intelligence (U) (U) ':::: ':::::--:: : 5 I 6 6 10 i 10 i ; ; j f Chapter U.S.S. Abidjan AUborne Air The Liberty Force III Decision Liberty's at to Collectors DEPLOYMENT Security Rota, Rota, to Deploy Modus 31 24-31 Service's (U) ; May the May Operandi to TO 2 Technical Liberty 1967 June THE (U) (U) 1967 (U) MEDITERRANEAN Processing (U) Center (U) (U) ~: 11 12 15 15 17 17 18 Chapter Enroute Operational Directions Liberty's IV to THE Processing to Operational Area Withdraw ATrACK(U) ,, Three, Mission Area the 8 June Liberty (U) Three (U) : (U) : (U) 19 21 23 23 25 Chapter U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • USS Liberty 9 — William L
    remembering the “ This is the only US Navy ship attacked by a foreign nation, involving a large loss of life and so many personnel injured that has never been accorded a full Congressional hearing.” USS Liberty 9 — WILLIAM L. MCGONAGLE, CAPTAIN, USN, RET. ON THURSDAY, JUNE 8, 1967: “. jet aircraft The 50-year institutional negligence of the U.S. and motor torpedo boats of Israel brutally Congress to conduct an honest and thorough assaulted an American naval vessel, the USS investigation does not have to be a reason for LIBERTY, in international waters off the Sinai the assault on the U.S.S. Liberty to remain hid- Peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea. The den from public view. On the contrary: anyone attack was preceded by more than six-hours adverse to being kept in the dark can hear the of intense low-level surveillance by Israel revealing eyewitness accounts of survivors: photo-reconnaissance aircraft, which buzzed JAMES M. ENNES, JR. | HISTORY COUNTS, 2/1/12 the intelligence ship thirteen times, sometimes https://wn.com/israel’s_assault_on_the_u.s.s._lib- flying as low as 200 feet directly overhead. The erty_with_james_ennis carefully orchestrated assault that followed PHILLIP “PHIL” TOURNEY SPEECH,10/13/07 was initiated by high-performance jet aircraft, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCDjoc7FBbk and was followed up by slower and more DONALD “DON” W. PAGELER PRESENTATION, 2013 maneuverable jets carrying napalm, and was 2017 marks the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUU08xnVaGM finally turned over to lethal torpedo boats, ERNEST “ERNIE” A. GALLO SPEECH, 3/7/14 which blasted a forty-foot hole in the ship’s side.
    [Show full text]