DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Dental Neuroanatomy 8:00-10:00 AM, Monday, April 19, 2010 David

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Dental Neuroanatomy 8:00-10:00 AM, Monday, April 19, 2010 David Dental Neuroanatomy 8:00-10:00 AM, Monday, April 19, 2010 David A. Morton, Ph.D. NASAL AND ORAL CAVITIES Objectives: 1. Review and understand the basic anatomy of the following structures including sensory and motor innervation including central and peripheral pathways: a. Nasal cavity b. Paranasal sinuses c. Palate d. Tongue e. Salivery glands f. Teeth g. Pharynx 1 OVERVIEW OF THE NASAL CAVITY • Divided into two lateral compartments separated by nasal septum • Lined with mucous membrane; vascular supply from maxillary, facial, and ophthalmic aa. • Innervated by branches of the CN I, CN V-1, and CN V-2 • Bordered by the following structures: • Roof. Cribriform foramina, which transmits CN I for smell • Nasal septum. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage • Lateral wall. Superior and middle nasal conchae (ethmoid bone) and the inferior nasal concha, in addition to the maxillary, sphenoid, and palatine bones. The lateral wall contains the following openings, enabling communication with the nasal cavity: • Sphenoethmoidal recess. Openings from the sphenoid sinus. • Superior meatus. Openings from the posterior ethmoidal air cells. • Middle meatus. Openings for the frontal sinus via the nasofrontal duct, middle ethmoidal air cells, anterior ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinus • Inferior meatus. Opening for the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears from the eye into the nasal cavity • Sphenopalatine foramen. Opening posterior to the middle nasal concha; receives the nasopalatine nerve and the sphenopalatine artery from the pterygopalatine fossa into the nasal cavity 2 Smell – Cranial Nerve I CN I originates in the mucosa lining the superior nasal concha and the superior septum, where the nerve provides special sensation for smell; course from nasal cavity into the anterior cranial fossa via the cribriform foramina; neurons enter the olfactory bulb, where they synapse with interneurons that course along the olfactory tract, transporting information to the brain. • Olfactory bulb and tract. Neurons in the olfactory bulb, called mitral cells, are secondary sensory neurons of the olfactory system. Their axons leave the olfactory bulb and enter the olfactory tract. The olfactory tract is not a peripheral nerve. It is part of the central nervous system. 3 PARANASAL SINUSES Hollow cavities within the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones. They help decrease the weight of the skull, resonate sound produced through speech, and produce mucus. The paranasal cavities communicate with the nasal cavity, where mucus is drained. Branches of CN V provide general sensory innervation. • Ethmoidal Sinus. Consists of numerous small air cells within the bone, as opposed to one or two large sinuses. Innervated by CN V-1. • Frontal Sinus. The frontal sinus is located in the frontal bone and opens into the anterior part of the middle meatus via the frontonasal duct. Innervated by CN V-1. • Maxillary Sinus. Largest of the paranasal sinuses; lateral to the nasal cavity and inferior to the orbit. Opens into the hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus. Innervated by CN V-2. • Sphenoid Sinus. Contained within the body of the sphenoid bone and is inferior to the sella turcica. Opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity. Innervated by CN V-1 and CN V-2. 4 PALATE Sensory innervation of the palate: • Hard palate. Consists of the maxillary and palatine bones. The incisive canal and greater palatine foramina transmit branches of CN V-2 for sensation. • Soft palate. Possess the uvula; ensures that food moves down into the esophagus when swallowing, rather than up into the nose by acting like a flap-valve. CN V-2 provides sensation via the lesser palatine nerves. 5 Muscles of the soft palate • Tensor veli palatini muscle. Innervated by CN V-3; tenses the soft palate • Levator veli palatini muscle. Originates along the cartilage of the auditory tube; inserts into the soft palate. Elevates the soft palate; innervated by CN X. To test the function of CN X, a patient is asked to open his mouth wide to determine if the palate deviates to one side or the other during a yawning motion. A lesion of CN X would cause paralysis of the ipsilateral levator veli palatini muscle, resulting in the uvula being pulled superiorly to the opposite side of the lesion. 6 TONGUE Skeletal muscle covered with taste buds. The tongue is supported in the oral cavity by muscular connections to the hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process, palate, and pharynx. Muscles of the Tongue The tongue is divided into a left and a right half by a septum of connective tissue. As a result, all tongue muscles are bilaterally paired. • Genioglossus muscle. Attaches between the internal surface of the mandible and the tongue. Contraction of the genioglossus muscle causes the tongue to protrude out of the oral cavity (“sticking out your tongue”). • Motor innervation of tongue. CN XII (hypoglossal nerve), innervated all tongue muscles receive their somatic motor innervation via CN XII (except the palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X). To clinically test CN XII, ask the patient to stick her tongue out. If CN XII is functioning normally, the tongue should extend out evenly in the midline. If CN XII is lesioned, the tongue will deviate toward the same side of the face as the lesion. An easy way to remember this is that a lesion to CN XII will cause a “patient licks his wounds.” 7 Sensory Innervation of the Tongue The following nerves innervate the tongue: • CN V-3 (lingual nerve). The anterior two-thirds of the tongue receives sensation from the lingual branch of CN V-3. The submandibular duct ascends from the submandibular gland to open adjacent to the lingual frenulum. The lingual nerve courses inferior to the submandibular duct. o Chorda tympani nerve (CN VII). Enters the infratemporal fossa via the petrotympanic fissure, where it joins with the lingual nerve. The chorda tympani nerve provides special sensory taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, as well as visceral motor parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. o Submandibular ganglion. Is suspended from the lingual nerve, where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons from the chorda tympani nerve (CN VII) synapse en route to provide visceral motor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands. • CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve). The posterior third of the tongue receives both its general sensory and special sensory (taste) innervation from CN IX. 8 Taste Pathways 9 SALIVARY GLANDS Innervation of the Salivary Glands The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for providing visceral motor innervation to the salivary glands. This is accomplished via the following cranial nerves: • Parotid gland. CN IX, via the otic ganglion. • Submandibular gland. CN VII, via the submandibular ganglion. • Sublingual gland. CN VII, via the submandibular ganglion. 10 TEETH AND GINGIVAE The teeth cut, grind, and mix food during mastication. Branches of CN V-2 and the maxillary artery and veins supply the maxillary teeth and gingivae via branches of CN V-3, and the inferior alveolar artery and veins supply the mandibular teeth and gingivae. Innervation of the Teeth The innervation of the teeth and gingivae are as follows: • Maxillary teeth. CN V-2 exits the brain and enters the pterygopalatine fossa via the foramen rotundum. CN V-2 courses into the infraorbital canal, where branches provide general sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth in a plexus of nerves formed by the anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves. o Maxillary gingivae. The posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves innervate the buccal surface of the gingivae, whereas the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the lingual surface. • Mandibular teeth. CN V-3 exits the brain and enters the infratemporal fossa via the foramen ovale. A branch of CN V-3, the inferior alveolar nerve, enters the mandibular foramen and provides general sensory innervation to the teeth on that side of the mandible. The inferior alveolar nerve exits the mandibular canal as the mental nerve by traversing the mental foramen and provides general sensory innervation to the bottom lip. o Auriculotemporal nerve. Splits around the middle meningeal artery to provide general sensory innervation to the temporal region of the face and scalp. • Otic ganglion. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) exit the middle ear as the lesser petrosal nerve and enter the infratemporal fossa, through the foramen ovale, and synapse in the otic ganglion. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons “hitch-hike” along with the auriculotemporal nerve, providing visceral motor innervation to the parotid gland. o Mandibular gingivae. The buccal and mental nerves innervate the buccal surface of the gingivae, whereas the lingual nerve innervates the lingual surface. An inferior alveolar nerve block is administered to patients who require dental work in any of the teeth on the ipsilateral side of the mandible. Injection of local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) into the oral mucosa at the lingula of the mandible will anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve and potentially the proximal lingual nerve, resulting in numbness of the tongue and oral mucosa. Care must be given when extracting the third molar tooth because the lingual nerve is closely associated with it. A plexus formed by the anterior superior, middle superior, and posterior superior alveolar nerves supplies the maxillary teeth. Unlike the mandibular teeth, where anesthesia can be administered in one location to effectively block all of the teeth on that side, the maxillary teeth must be considered separately. The palate must also be considered; therefore, a greater palatine as well as a nasopalatine nerve block is often administered during dental work. • Maxillary molars. Injection is given at the region of the second molar. • Maxillary premolars. Injection is given at the region of the second premolar. • Maxillary canine and incisors. Injection can be given above the roots of the anterior teeth or via an infraorbital nerve block.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex
    J Korean Radiol Soc 2000;4 :26 9-0 6 1 6 MR Imaging of the Orbital Apex: An a to m y and Pat h o l o g y 1 Ho Kyu Lee, M.D., Chang Jin Kim, M.D.2, Hyosook Ahn, M.D.3, Ji Hoon Shin, M.D., Choong Gon Choi, M.D., Dae Chul Suh, M.D. The apex of the orbit is basically formed by the optic canal, the superior orbital fis- su r e , and their contents. Space-occupying lesions in this area can result in clinical d- eficits caused by compression of the optic nerve or extraocular muscles. Even vas c u l a r changes in the cavernous sinus can produce a direct mass effect and affect the orbit ap e x. When pathologic changes in this region is suspected, contrast-enhanced MR imaging with fat saturation is very useful. According to the anatomic regions from which the lesions arise, they can be classi- fied as belonging to one of five groups; lesions of the optic nerve-sheath complex, of the conal and intraconal spaces, of the extraconal space and bony orbit, of the cav- ernous sinus or diffuse. The characteristic MR findings of various orbital lesions will be described in this paper. Index words : Orbit, diseases Orbit, MR The apex of the orbit is a complex region which con- tains many nerves, vessels, soft tissues, and bony struc- Anatomy of the orbital apex tures such as the superior orbital fissure and the optic canal (1-3), and is likely to be involved in various dis- The orbital apex region consists of the optic nerve- eases (3).
    [Show full text]
  • Lingual Nerve Course and Its Communication with Hypoglossal
    International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 2021;4(5):117-122 e-ISSN: 2590-3241, p-ISSN: 2590-325X ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original Research Article Lingual Nerve Course and Its Communication with Hypoglossal Nerve: Variations in Cadavers in Western India Javia Mayank Kumar1, Chhabra Prabhjot Kaur2*, Anand Mahindra Kumar3 1Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Banas Medical College & Research Institute, Palanpur, Gujarat,India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy,Jaipur National University Institute For Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan,India 3Professor,Department of Anatomy, Banas Medical College & Research Institute, Palanpur,India Received: 22-12-2020 / Revised: 09-02-2021 / Accepted: 23-02-2021 Abstract Background:Locationand variations in branching pattern of lingual nerve makes it vulnerable to injury in various oral and dental surgical procedures. Awareness of variations in distribution pattern will reduce the chances of injury to lingual nerve and post-operative complications in excision of ranulas, extraction of third molar tooth, sub mental endotracheal intubationand during difficult suspension laryngoscopy. Present study was undertaken to describe the course, morphology and variationsof lingual nerve in infra-temporal and submandibular regions and to find out communication(s) if any with hypoglossal nerve.Methods: Head and neck dissection was performed in fifteen formalin
    [Show full text]
  • Perioral Gustatory Sweating: Case Report
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology (2012), 126, 532–534. CLINICAL RECORD © JLO (1984) Limited, 2012 doi:10.1017/S0022215112000229 Perioral gustatory sweating: case report S C KÄYSER1, K J A O INGELS2, F J A VAN DEN HOOGEN2 1Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, and 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands Abstract Objective: Presentation of a case of perioral Frey syndrome. Design: Case report. Subject: A 72-year-old woman with hyperhidrosis around the mouth and chin. Results: This patient suffered from bilateral perioral gustatory sweating following a mandibular osteotomy; such a case has not previously been described. Possible pathophysiological hypotheses are discussed in relation to the anatomy and innervation of the salivary glands. Conclusion: Perioral gustatory sweating is a rare complication of osteotomy. Key words: Gustatory sweating; Frey Syndrome; Perioral; Hyperhidrosis Introduction perioral excessive sweating and flushing which only Frey syndrome, also known as auriculotemporal syndrome, is a occurred during (and not preceding) eating. Her complaints well-known complication of parotid surgery. Approximately had begun following bilateral osteotomy of the mandible in 24 per cent of patients undergoing parotidectomy experience 1960, at the age of 25 years. The indication for this procedure gustatory sweating, although the reported incidence varies had been prognathism. Her recovery had been complicated greatly.1 Frey syndrome appears following a latency period by inadequate bone healing and loss of the right and left of one to 36 months (or longer) after surgery.2,3 inferior alveolar nerves (Figure 1). The aetiology of Frey syndrome is explained by ‘aberrant The diagnosis of hyperhidrosis was made using the nervous regeneration’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Morphometric Study of Occurrence and Variations of Foramen Ovale S
    Research Article The morphometric study of occurrence and variations of foramen ovale S. Ajrish George*, M. S. Thenmozhi ABSTRACT Background: Foramen vale is one of the important foramina present in the sphenoid bone. Anatomically it is located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. The foramen ovale is situated posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and anteromedial to the foramen spinosum. The foramen spinosum is present posterior to the foramen ovale. The carotid canal is present posterior and medial to the foramen spinosum and the foramen rotundum is present anterior to the foramen ovale. The structures which pass through the foramen ovale are the mandibular nerve, emissary vein, accessory middle meningeal artery, and lesser petrosal nerve. The sphenoid bone has a body, a pair of greater wing, pair of lesser wing, pair of lateral pterygoid plate, and a pair of medial pterygoid plate. Aim: The study involves the assessment of any additional features in foramen ovale in dry South Indian skulls. Materials and Methods: This study involves examination of dry adult skulls. First, the foramen ovale is located, and then it is carefully examined for presence of alterations and additional features, and is recorded following computing the data and analyzing it. Results: The maximum length of foramen ovale on the right and left was 10.1 mm, 4.3 mm, respectively. The minimum length of the foramen in right and left was 9.1 mm, 3.2 mm, respectively. The maximum width of foramen ovale on the right and left was 4.8 mm and 2.3 mm, respectively. The minimum width of the foramen in the right and the left side was 5.7 mm and 2.9 mm, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Numb Tongue, Numb Lip, Numb Chin: What to Do When?
    NUMB TONGUE, NUMB LIP, NUMB CHIN: WHAT TO DO WHEN? Ramzey Tursun, DDS, FACS Marshall Green, DDS Andre Ledoux, DMD Arshad Kaleem, DMD, MD Assistant Professor, Associate Fellowship Director of Oral, Head & Neck Oncologic and Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami INTRODUCTION MECHANISM OF NERVE Microneurosurgery of the trigeminal nerve INJURIES has been in the spotlight over the last few years. The introduction of cone-beam When attempting to classify the various scanning, three-dimensional imaging, mechanisms of nerve injury in the magnetic resonance neurography, maxillofacial region, it becomes clear that endoscopic-assisted surgery, and use of the overwhelming majority are iatrogenic allogenic nerve grafts have improved the in nature. The nerves that are most often techniques that can be used for affected in dento-alveolar procedures are assessment and treatment of patients with the branches of the mandibular division of nerve injuries. Injury to the terminal cranial nerve V, i.e., the trigeminal nerve. branches of the trigeminal nerve is a well- The lingual nerve and inferior alveolar known risk associated with a wide range of nerve are most often affected, and third dental and surgical procedures. These molar surgery is the most common cause 1 injuries often heal spontaneously without of injury. medical or surgical intervention. However, they sometimes can cause a variety of None of these nerves provide motor symptoms, including lost or altered innervation. However, damage to these sensation, pain, or a combination of these, nerves can cause a significant loss of and may have an impact on speech, sensation and/or taste in affected patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Gross Anatomy Assignment Name: Olorunfemi Peace Toluwalase Matric No: 17/Mhs01/257 Dept: Mbbs Course: Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck
    GROSS ANATOMY ASSIGNMENT NAME: OLORUNFEMI PEACE TOLUWALASE MATRIC NO: 17/MHS01/257 DEPT: MBBS COURSE: GROSS ANATOMY OF HEAD AND NECK QUESTION 1 Write an essay on the carvernous sinus. The cavernous sinuses are one of several drainage pathways for the brain that sits in the middle. In addition to receiving venous drainage from the brain, it also receives tributaries from parts of the face. STRUCTURE ➢ The cavernous sinuses are 1 cm wide cavities that extend a distance of 2 cm from the most posterior aspect of the orbit to the petrous part of the temporal bone. ➢ They are bilaterally paired collections of venous plexuses that sit on either side of the sphenoid bone. ➢ Although they are not truly trabeculated cavities like the corpora cavernosa of the penis, the numerous plexuses, however, give the cavities their characteristic sponge-like appearance. ➢ The cavernous sinus is roofed by an inner layer of dura matter that continues with the diaphragma sellae that covers the superior part of the pituitary gland. The roof of the sinus also has several other attachments. ➢ Anteriorly, it attaches to the anterior and middle clinoid processes, posteriorly it attaches to the tentorium (at its attachment to the posterior clinoid process). Part of the periosteum of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone forms the floor of the sinus. ➢ The body of the sphenoid acts as the medial wall of the sinus while the lateral wall is formed from the visceral part of the dura mater. CONTENTS The cavernous sinus contains the internal carotid artery and several cranial nerves. Abducens nerve (CN VI) traverses the sinus lateral to the internal carotid artery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Mandibular Skeletal Characteristics on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Anesthesia
    pISSN 2383-9309❚eISSN 2383-9317 Original Article J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015;15(3):113-119❚http://dx.doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2015.15.3.113 The influence of mandibular skeletal characteristics on inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia Tae Min You1, Kee-Deog Kim2, Jisun Huh2, Eun-Jung Woo2, Wonse Park2 1Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea 2Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Background: The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common anesthetic techniques in dentistry; however, its success rate is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between IANB failure and mandibular skeletal characteristics Methods: In total, 693 cases of lower third molar extraction (n = 575 patients) were examined in this study. The ratio of the condylar and coronoid distances from the mandibular foramen (condyle-coronoid ratio [CC ratio]) was calculated, and the mandibular skeleton was then classified as normal, retrognathic, or prognathic. The correlation between IANB failure and sex, treatment side, and the CC ratio was assessed. Results: The IANB failure rates for normal, retrognathic, and prognathic mandibles were 7.3%, 14.5%, and 9.5%, respectively, and the failure rate was highest among those with a CC ratio < 0.8 (severe retrognathic mandible). The failure rate was significantly higher in the retrognathic group than in normal group (P = 0.019), and there was no statistically significant difference between the other two groups. Conclusions: IANB failure could be attributable, in part, to the skeletal characteristics of the mandible.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Characteristics and Visibility of Mental Foramen and Accessory Mental Foramen: Panoramic Radiography Vs
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Nov 1;20 (6):e707-14. Radiographic study of the mental foramen variations Journal section: Oral Surgery doi:10.4317/medoral.20585 Publication Types: Research http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.20585 Anatomical characteristics and visibility of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: Panoramic radiography vs. cone beam CT Juan Muinelo-Lorenzo 1, Juan-Antonio Suárez-Quintanilla 2, Ana Fernández-Alonso 1, Jesús Varela-Mallou 3, María-Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro 4 1 PhD Student, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 2 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 3 Professor and Chairman. Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology and Methodology, Psychology School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 4 Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain Correspondence: Stomatology Department Medicine and Dentistry School University of Santiago de Compostela C/ Entrerrios S/N 15872 Muinelo-Lorenzo J, Suárez-Quintanilla JA, Fernández-Alonso A, Va- Santiago de Compostela, Spain rela-Mallou J, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Anatomical characteristics and [email protected] visibility of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: Panoramic radiography vs. cone beam CT. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015 Nov 1;20 (6):e707-14. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v20i6/medoralv20i6p707.pdf Received: 05/01/2015 Accepted: 05/05/2015 Article Number: 20585 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Background.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Local Anesthesia
    Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia Patricia L. Blanton, Ph.D., D.D.S. Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Baylor College of Dentistry – TAMUS and Private Practice in Periodontics Dallas, Texas Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia I. Introduction A. The anatomical basis of local anesthesia 1. Infiltration anesthesia 2. Block or trunk anesthesia II. Review of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial n. V) – the major sensory nerve of the head A. Ophthalmic Division 1. Course a. Superior orbital fissure – root of orbit – supraorbital foramen 2. Branches – sensory B. Maxillary Division 1. Course a. Foramen rotundum – pterygopalatine fossa – inferior orbital fissure – floor of orbit – infraorbital 2. Branches - sensory a. Zygomatic nerve b. Pterygopalatine nerves [nasal (nasopalatine), orbital, palatal (greater and lesser palatine), pharyngeal] c. Posterior superior alveolar nerves d. Infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior nerve) C. Mandibular Division 1. Course a. Foramen ovale – infratemporal fossa – mandibular foramen, Canal -> mental foramen 2. Branches a. Sensory (1) Long buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve (4) Auriculotemporal nerve b. Motor (1) Pterygoid nerves (2) Temporal nerves (3) Masseteric nerves (4) Nerve to tensor tympani (5) Nerve to tensor veli palatine (6) Nerve to mylohyoid (7) Nerve to anterior belly of digastric c. Both motor and sensory (1) Mylohyoid nerve III. Usual Routes of innervation A. Maxilla 1. Teeth a. Molars – Posterior superior alveolar nerve b. Premolars – Middle superior alveolar nerve c. Incisors and cuspids – Anterior superior alveolar nerve 2. Gingiva a. Facial/buccal – Superior alveolar nerves b. Palatal – Anterior – Nasopalatine nerve; Posterior – Greater palatine nerves B.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Facial Type and Mandibular Canal Morphology
    Brazilian Dental Journal (2016) 27(5): 609-612 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600973 1Department of Morphology, Anatomy Association between Facial division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual Type and Mandibular Canal de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 2Department of Physiological Morphology – Analysis in Sciences, Pharmacology/ Anesthesiology/Therapeutics division, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual Digital Panoramic Radiographs de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Ana Paula Guidi Schmidt1, Ana Cláudia Rossi1, Alexandre Rodrigues Freire1, Correspondence: Profa. Dra. Ana 2 1 Cláudia Rossi, Avenida Limeira, Francisco Carlos Groppo , Felippe Bevilacqua Prado 901, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Tel: +55-19-2106-5721. e-mail: [email protected] In this study we investigate the association between facial type and mandibular canal course morphology analysing this in digital panoramic radiographs images. We used 603 digital images from panoramic radiographs. We selected only panoramic radiographs of fully dentate individuals, who had all lower molars bilaterally and with complete root formation. The sample distribution was determined by facial type and sex. The course of the mandibular canal, as seen in the panoramic radiographs, was classified into 3 types, bilaterally. The classification used was: type 1 if the mandibular canal is in contact or is positioned at most 2 mm from the root apex of the three permanent molars; type 2 if the mandibular canal is located halfway between the root apex of the three permanent molars and a half away from the mandibular basis; and type 3 if the mandibular canal is in contact with or approaches, a maximum of 2 mm from the cortical bone of the mandibular basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferior Alveolar Nerve Trajectory, Mental Foramen Location and Incidence of Mental Nerve Anterior Loop
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. CBCT anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve Journal section: Oral Surgery doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Publication Types: Research http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop Miguel Velasco-Torres 1, Miguel Padial-Molina 1, Gustavo Avila-Ortiz 2, Raúl García-Delgado 3, Andrés Ca- tena 4, Pablo Galindo-Moreno 1 1 DDS, PhD, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain 2 DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 3 Specialist in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology. Private Practice. Granada, Spain 4 PhD, Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Correspondence: School of Dentistry, University of Granada 18071 - Granada, Spain [email protected] Velasco-Torres M, Padial-Molina M, Avila-Ortiz G, García-Delgado R, Catena A, Galindo-Moreno P. Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop. Med Oral Received: 07/03/2017 Accepted: 21/06/2017 Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v22i5/medoralv22i5p630.pdf Article Number: 21905 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Background: Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a serious intraoperative complication that may occur during routine surgical procedures, such as dental implant placement or extraction of impacted teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
    N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V.
    [Show full text]