Ukraine – Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 16 April 2015

Question/Subject: Query concerning information on lists used by the Ukrainian government to identify persons suspected of cooperation with separatists.

Question 1. Have Member States been able to establish who drafts these lists, how people end up in these lists?

Answer to Question 1

A number of reports refer to the Prosecutor General’s Office (PGO), the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) or the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) placing the names of suspects on wanted lists.

Documents mentioning the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) include the following

A document published on the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine which states:

“Investigators have already exceeded 54 people. 48 of them are declared as citizens suspected of committing a crime. However, due to pressure on local courts, only 13 persons of 54 were arrested. Court chose house arrest for other citizens as a preventive measure, after which some of them disappeared and were declared wanted. This was said by Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs – Head of Investigation Department Vitalii Sakal.

He reminded that during the events on May 2 in Odesa, 48 people were killed and about 250 people were injured. For participation in riots the police detained 114 people, most of whom are representatives of the pro-Russian- minded locals. However, due to blocking and storm of the building of the Odesa City Administration of Internal Affairs over 60 detained offenders were released without preventive measures.

Investigators managed to work out 54 people, including 48 citizens declared suspected of committing a crime. However, due to pressure on local courts only 13 people of 54 were arrested. Court chose house arrest for other citizens as a preventive measure. After which some of them disappeared and were declared wanted.” (Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (15 August 2014) MIA continues to search persons involved in the May events in Odesa)

A Ukraine General Newswire report which states:

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“The eldest son of Ukraine's ex-president Viktor Yanukovych, Oleksandr, has been put on the wanted list in Ukraine. According to the Web site of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine, the younger Yanukovych is charged under part 2 of Article 366 (forgery which lead to serious consequences) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. He is facing from two to five years of imprisonment and a ban on holding certain positions or engaging in certain activities for a term of three years. The Security Service of Ukraine put him on the wanted list based on a court ruling on his detention.” (Ukraine General Newswire (18 April 2014) Yanukovych's son Oleksandr put on wanted list in Ukraine)

A report from the Interfax-Ukraine news agency which states:

“The Ukrainian Interior Ministry has put on wanted list the ‘people's governor’ of the self-proclaimed Donetsk people's republic, Pavlo Hubarev [Pavel Gubarev], and the prime minister of the self-proclaimed Luhansk people's republic, Vasyl Nikitin [Vasiliy Nikitin]. According to reports on the Interior Ministry's website, published in the section ‘Individuals hiding from the bodies of authority’, Hubarev and Nikitin are hiding from the investigative directorate of the Security Service of Ukraine [SBU].” (Interfax-Ukraine (5 June 2014) Ukraine puts two separatist leaders on wanted list)

A report from the Ukrainian television station 5 Kanal TV which states:

“Ukraine has put [Russian actor] Mikhail Porechenkov on a wanted list. The Interior Ministry published this information on its website in the section dedicated to persons hiding from bodies of preliminary investigation. The Russian actor is suspected of committing a crime envisaged by the article on terrorist act or a threat of committing a terrorist act.” (5 Kanal TV (27 January 2015) Ukraine puts Russian actor on wanted list for "terrorism")

Reports mentioning the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) include:

A report from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) which, in a section titled “Illegal and arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, and torture and illtreatment” (paragraph 37), states:

“Ukrainian law enforcement agencies continued to report on the detention of people suspected of separatism and terrorism. On 10 December, the SBU announced that since March 2014, it was carrying out over 3,000 criminal proceedings related to crimes against national and public security. In the context of these proceedings, 1,043 people had reportedly been notified of being officially suspected; of them, 703 people had been arrested and 198 indictments (in relation to 254 people) had been submitted to the courts. Information received by the HRMU from the detainees, their relatives and lawyers reveals a pattern of enforced disappearances, secret detention and ill-treatment by Ukrainian law enforcement agencies in the security operation area and adjacent territories.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (15 February 2015) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine, p.10)

A Ukrainian National News Agency (Ukrinform) report which states:

“The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) has opened more than 3,000 proceedings over separatist activities. An advisor to the SBU chief, Markiyan 2

Lubkivsky, said this on Wednesday. ‘Since March this year, investigative security agencies have had more than 3,000 criminal proceedings initiated due to the crimes committed against the national security of Ukraine, against public safety and other crimes related to separatism and terrorism in southeastern Ukraine and Crimea,’ he wrote on his page on Facebook. He said that as part of these proceedings 967 persons had been declared suspects, 668 had been arrested and that 186 people had been put on the wanted list.” (Ukrainian National News Agency (Ukrinform) (26 November 2014) SBU arrests 668 people for separatism this year)

A report from the Russian government news agency ITAR-TASS which states:

“Ukraine's Security Service /SBU/ has put on the wanted list governor of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic Pavel Gubarev and Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Lugansk People's Republic Vasily Nikitin.” (ITAR-TASS (6 June 2014) Ukrainian Security Service puts 2 officials of self- proclaimed republics on wanted list)

An ITAR-TASS report which states:

“Ukraine accused again a group of Russian journalists who cover the situation in the southeast of the country of abetment to militia. Special correspondents of Internet news portal LifeNews, TV news channel Rossiya 24 and Komsomolskaya Pravda daily were put on wanted list by the Ukrainian Security Service, also because they had allegedly hampered Ukrainian military actions, round-the-clock news TV channel LifeNews said about this fact on Thursday. Names of nine journalists are on the Ukrainian wanted list.” (ITAR-TASS (19 June 2014) Ukraine law enforcers put several Russian journalists on wanted list – LifeNews)

An ITAR-TASS report which states:

“The Ukrainian Security Service (SBU) is putting on a wanted list all actors and musicians who come to areas of Donbass (Donetsk and Lugansk regions) not controlled by Kiev, Vasily Vovk, head of the SBU main investigation department, said Sunday on 112 TV channel) ‘They all have been included in a special register and put on a wanted list,’ Vovk said when asked what actions the SBU is taking against Russian artists who perform in Donbass.” (ITAR TASS (4 January 2015) Ukraine Security Service puts Russian singers, actors on wanted list)

Reports mentioning the Prosecutor General's Office (PGO) include:

A Ukraine General Newswire report which states:

“The Prosecutor General's Office has agreed on a notification as a suspect for one of the leaders of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic, Russian citizen Nikolai Kozitsyn. ‘It was established that since the beginning of May until present this person was managing individual terrorist groups that are part of a terrorist organization, by defining combat tasks for them, the sites of deployment and formation of engineering obstacles (roadblocks) and making armed attacks on government paramilitary formations of Ukraine,’ the press service of the Prosecutor General's Office reported on Friday. The

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Prosecutor General's Office noted that Kozitsyn was also supplying militants with weapons and military ammunition.” (Ukraine General Newswire (25 July 2014) Prosecutor General's Office puts one of LPR leaders on wanted list)

An ITAR-TASS report which states:

“Ukraine has placed 22 people on the wanted list for their suspected role in shooting Maidan protesters and embezzling state funds, Ukrainian Prosecutor General Vitaly Yarema has told the Ukrayina TV channel ‘We have put 22 people on the wanted list in line with criminal proceedings of the Prosecutor General's Office and the Interior Ministry. These are mainly criminal proceedings, linked to the Maidan shooting, hindrance of expression of citizens' will in late 2013-early 2014 and criminal proceedings on embezzlement of state funds,’ Yarema said.” (ITAR-TASS (6 December 2014) Over 20 people put on wanted list for killing Maidan protesters, embezzling state funds)

A report from the Moscow-based Interfax News Agency which states:

“Twenty-two suspects in the criminal inquiry into mass killings in central Kyiv last winter are on a wanted list and 13 others will be declared wanted, said Ukraine's prosecutor general, Vitaliy Yarema. ‘We have tracked down the coordinators, who are looking for the suspects. There are 22 suspects on the wanted list and 13 are expected to be declared wanted after investigative actions have been carried through,’ Yarema said at a press conference in Kyiv on Monday. Yarema also said that positive results would be achieved soon after the search is over, and that ‘all those guilty will be prosecuted.’ The Prosecutor General's Office, the National Security Service and the Interior Ministry have set up a joint group of 83 investigators, he said.” (Interfax News Agency (9 December 2014) Twenty-two suspects in Maidan shooting probe on wanted list, 13 others to be declared wanted - Ukraine Prosecutor)

A Ukraine General Newswire report which states:

“The Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine has notified five former members of Verkhovna Rada Counting Commission that they are suspected of violating the law and has put these persons on the wanted list.” (Ukraine General Newswire (13 March 2015) PGO puts five former members of parliamentary Counting Commission on wanted list)

An Interfax News Agency report which states:

“Five former deputies from Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada, who were members of its vote counting commission, have been declared wanted criminal suspects, according to the Prosecutor General's Office (PGO). Volodymyr Demidko, Andriy Pinchuk, Stanislav Skubashevskiy, Yaroslav Sukhoi (all four are from the Party of Regions) and Communist Oleksandr Zubchesvkiy are suspected of abuse of office and forgery, a PGO spokesperson said on Friday. ‘Since these individuals failed to show up for questioning, on March 12, 2015 investigators put them on the wanted list,’ the spokesperson said.” (Interfax News Agency (16 March 2015) Five ex-Rada members wanted by Ukrainian prosecutors)

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A report from the Ukrainian internet newspaper Ukrayinska Pravda which states:

“Seventy-six former members of the Crimean parliament have been put on the wanted list, the Prosecutor-General's Office of Ukraine has announced. According to the announcement, a pre-trial investigation is under way in a criminal case against former Crimean lawmakers for committing the crime described in Part 1 Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (treason). ‘To execute a verdict on the possible confiscation of property, a court has frozen the assets and corporate rights worth 1.2bn hryvnyas [52m dollars] of the aforementioned individuals. An investigator, by his resolutions, has put them on the wanted list, and the court has ruled that they can be detained,’ the Prosecutor-General's Office said.” (Ukrayinska Pravda (26 March 2015) Seventy-six Crimean ex-MPs wanted in Ukraine for "treason")

A Ukraine General Newswire report which states:

“The Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine has said that it suspected former acting head of Kyiv police and his deputy of organizing as assault on Maidan Nezalezhnosti on February 19, 2014. They were put on the wanted list.” (Ukraine General Newswire (31 March 2015) Ex-Head of Kyiv police and his deputy put on wanted list for organizing assault on Maidan on February 19, 2014)

Question 2. What happens if a person from such a list is captured/arrested, and what the possibilities are of a fair trial?

Answer to Question 2

A Joint Staff Working Document published by the European Commission states:

“Parliament adopted legislation to give extraordinary powers to law enforcement bodies in connection with the anti-terrorist operation in the east of the country. This legislation included amendments to:

• the law on the police allowing for the use of force against people considered to be terrorists under Ukrainian terrorism legislation; • the Code of Criminal Procedure and other laws on establishing the competent court to oversee the investigations of crimes committed in the area of an anti-terrorist operation; and • the Code of Criminal Procedure, allowing for administrative detention of suspects for up to 30 days by decision of a prosecutor, without any judicial oversight.” (European Commission (25 March 2015) Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine: Progress in 2014 and recommendations for actions, p.9)

A report on the work of the Human Rights Mission in Ukraine (HRMU) published by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), in paragraph 38, states:

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“In December 2014, the HRMU interviewed a man who was unofficially detained by unidentified Ukrainian servicemen and allegedly severely beaten for several days. Another detainee claimed to have been beaten by SBU officers and kept in incommunicado detention where he met detainees who had been beaten and subjected to mock executions. A freelance journalist claimed that during his detention and SBU interrogation, masked men forcefully raised his handcuffed arms behind his back and hung him in that position urging him to confess to working for the Russian secret services. Several other detainees interviewed by the HRMU alleged incommunicado detention and ill-treatment that may amount to torture.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (15 February 2015) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine, p.10)

In paragraph 40 this report states:

“On 17 December, the pro-federalism activist Ignat ‘Topaz’ Kromskoi was reported by the SBU to have been detained at the Ukrainian/Russian Federation border. He had previously been detained and formally released from custody by a Kharkiv court on 12 September, however he was taken away from the court room by the same guards who brought him there and no one saw him free afterwards. His location was officially unknown and he was put on a wanted list. On 18 December 2014, during a court hearing to decide on his measure of restraint (he was detained for two months), Mr Kromskoi stated that from 12 September until 17 December he had been held incommunicado in cell No. 5 of an SBU building in Kharkiv (the SBU denies the existence of this facility). He claimed that he had taken a hidden video of the cell, and had left notes on the walls, as well as hair and other traces to confirm his presence there. According to him, on 17 December, the SBU took him from his cell, put him on a bus and, as it approached the border, he was officially arrested. On 22 January, he informed the HRMU of his alleged secret detention. He said he saw up to 90 other people kept there. The HRMU also received other testimonies alleging the existence of this illegal detention facility in Kharkiv. Regarding this issue, the SBU has denied the allegations of a secret detention facility in Kharkiv.” (ibid, p.11)

In a section titled “Accountability for the 2 May violence in Odesa” (paragraph 78) this report states:

“No essential progress has been reported in investigations into the killing of 48 persons and inflicting bodily harm to 247 people (including 22 police officers) during the clashes and burning of the Trade Union Building in Odesa on 2 May 2014. During preliminary court hearings by the Malynovskyi District Court of Odesa from 16 January, lawyers for the defendants (mostly ‘pro- federalism’ activists) drew attention to human rights violations and procedural omissions contained in the indictment: failure to provide Russian Federation citizens with Russian translation of indictment; failure to specify the action of each accused during mass disorder; failure to indicate information on conducted investigative actions, and incorrect personal data of participants of the trial. On 2 February 2015, the panel of judges ruled that the indictment regarding organising mass disorder in the city centre violated the right to fair trial and did not comply with the Criminal Procedure Code, and should be returned to the Office of the Prosecutor General for revision and correction. The preparatory trial hearings were held in a tense atmosphere with threats by ‘pro-unity’ supporters.” (ibid, p.19)

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An Amnesty International briefing paper, in a section titled “Abuses by the Aidar battalion”, refers to the treatment of persons detained by a pro-Kiev militia group as follows:

“Amnesty International documented dozens of cases of abuses allegedly committed by members of the Aidar battalion in Novoaidar district, Starobilsk, Severodonetsk, Lysychansk, and Shchastya between late June and late August. Typically, the fighters abducted local men, often businessmen or farmers, whom they accused of collaborating with the separatists and held in makeshift detention facilities before either releasing them or handing them over to the Security Service (SBU). In nearly all cases documented by Amnesty International the victims were subjected to beatings at the moment of capture and/or during interrogations, and either had to pay ransom for their release, or had possessions, including money, cars, telephones, and other valuables seized by the battalion members.” (Amnesty International (8 September 2014) Ukraine: Abuses and war crimes by the Aidar Volunteer Battalion in the north Luhansk region)

In a section titled “Response of the authorities” this document states:

“Amnesty International raised its concerns regarding abuses committed by members of the Aidar battalion directly with its commander for Severodonetsk and Rubizhne. He confirmed that the battalion used a ‘simplified’ procedure for detentions and indicated that the battalion indeed had its own facility in the Severodonetsk area for holding detainees. He acknowledged that there could be instances of beating during arrest, confirmed that detainees were blindfolded throughout the detention…” (ibid)

Question 3. How long is the “waiting period” for a trail and what are the prison conditions until trial?

Answer to Question 3

Information as to the duration of a pre-trial waiting period was not found among sources available to the Research and Information Unit.

A report published by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in paragraph 10, refers to the treatment of persons in detention as follows:

“There have also been allegations by victims and their relatives, as well as civil society representatives of secret and illegal places of detention being operated by the armed groups, as well as some being maintained by some volunteer battalions outside of judicial oversight. The HRMMU continued to receive credible reports of persons deprived of their liberty being subjected to torture and ill-treatment while being illegally held or detained by either the armed groups or by Ukrainian law enforcement agencies and some volunteer battalions.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (15 November 2014) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine, p.5)

In paragraph 11 this report states:

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“Procedural rights of detainees are of concern. Some volunteer battalions continued to arrest people and detain them incommunicado, with many cases amounting to ‘enforced disappearance’. For those who appear before the judiciary there have been many due process concerns from the moment of their arrest, with systematic violations of the relevant national legislation and fair trial guarantees, provided in international norms and standards.” (ibid, p.5)

In a section titled “Torture and ill-treatment” (paragraph 50) this report states:

“During the reporting period, the HRMMU continued to receive reports of torture and ill-treatment by the Ukrainian law enforcement agencies and volunteer battalions and by the armed groups, including beating, death threats, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, and lack of access to medical assistance. Some detainees who had been selected by the Government of Ukraine to be released, under the Minsk agreements, reported spending several days in detention without food and water.” (ibid, p.12)

A Council of Europe report on the visit of a delegation from the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to Ukraine, in paragraph 11, states:

“As regards Colonies Nos. 25 and 100, the findings of the delegation are very worrying. Especially at Colony No. 25, the delegation once again received a considerable number of allegations of severe physical ill-treatment and/or torture of prisoners by prison officers (for instance, very extensive beatings; sodomisation with truncheons; use of straitjackets and strangulation of the abdomen with a rope to the point that prisoners were defecating; continuous exposure to highpressure jets of water from a fire hose). In some cases, the physical ill-treatment was allegedly inflicted by senior members of staff. Although instances of torture did not appear to be widespread, the delegation gained the distinct impression that the two establishments were managed through a system of intimidation and violence and that physical ill-treatment was used as a tool to maintain internal order. There was a widespread perception among prisoners that any disobedient behaviour would be immediately sanctioned with severe corporal punishment.” (Council of Europe (13 January 2015) Preliminary observations made by the delegation of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) which visited Ukraine from 9 to 16 September 2014, p.4)

Question 4. Is there a possibility to end up in a prison exchange programme (people from separatist areas exchanged with Ukrainian military personnel) instead of getting a fair trial in Ukraine?

Answer to Question 4:

A Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty report states:

“Kyiv and pro-Russian separatists have reached an agreement on the exchange of all prisoners held by the two sides. Talks aimed at ensuring a stable cease-fire between Ukrainian government forces and the rebels in eastern Ukraine were held in the Belarusian capital, Minsk, on December 24.

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They brought together representatives of Ukraine, Russia, the separatists, and international monitors. Markiyan Lubkivsky, an adviser to the Ukrainian Security Service, said on December 25 that a deal on the terms of a prisoner swap involving 150 Ukrainian soldiers and 225 rebel fighters was the only tangible achievement of the talks.” (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (25 December 2014) Kyiv, Separatists Agree On Prisoner Exchange)

A report from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), in a section titled “Exchanges of persons deprived of their liberty” (paragraph 48), states:

“Between 5 September and 31 October, about 20 exchanges of persons deprived of their liberty, as part of the Minsk Protocols, were reported by various Ukrainian officials and/or civil initiatives, with 400 to 420 people (predominantly members of the Ukrainian military) released by the armed groups. There are no official figures as to how many have been released by the Government of Ukraine. Meanwhile, the SBU reports that from 5 September to 20 October, 1,509 people have been released by the armed groups. The SBU reported having secured the release of 822 people, including 628 soldiers or police officers of various formations and 194 civilians, including five journalists. The number of people released by the Government of Ukraine is not known.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (15 November 2014) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine, p.12)

In paragraph 49 this report states:

“Some credible reports question the voluntary nature of the exchanges, which has not always been observed, with some detainees following their exchange reporting that they were forced to participate in the process. For example, the HRMMU received information that on 25 September, some ‘pro-federalism’ detainees held in the pre-trial detention facility in Odesa were forced by the SBU to participate in detainee exchanges. At that time they were notified that the criminal charges against them were dropped. Although they were warned unofficially by the SBU that if they did return to Odesa they would again face prosecution. On 16 October, the HRMMU was informed by the relatives and lawyers of the detainees, that having been exchanged, criminal proceedings had indeed been reopened against them.” (ibid, p.12)

See also updated version of this report which, in a section titled “Exchanges of detainees and captives” (paragraph 41), states:

“Exchanges of detainees and captives have continued over the reporting period. On 26 December, an exchange took place of 222 persons released by the Ukrainian Government in exchange for 145 persons (members of voluntary battalions, National Guard, civilian volunteers and civilians; all men) released by the armed groups. The exchange included persons whose cases were followed by the HRMU and who allege secret and incommunicado detention and ill-treatment while in custody. On 27 December and 2 and 5 January, at least ten people were released by the Ukrainian Government and 16 captives were released by the armed groups. On 6 January, there was reportedly the exchange of new lists of people for a future exchange in the coming weeks. According to ‘the ombudsperson’ of the ‘Donetsk people’s republic’, the armed groups requested to release 168 members of the armed

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groups and 380 ‘political prisoners’. Detention of persons not associated with the conflict for the purpose of exchanges has been reported. In February, representatives of the armed groups reiterated their intention to conduct exchanges based on ‘serviceman to serviceman’. The HRMU received information that some exchanged detainees were not given back their ID documents. On 11-12 February, it was agreed in Minsk to “ensure the release and exchange of all hostages and illegally detained persons based on ‘all for all’ principle”.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (15 February 2015) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine, p.11)

This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research and Information Unit within time constraints. This response is not and does not purport to be conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please read in full all documents referred to.

References:

Amnesty International (8 September 2014) Ukraine: Abuses and war crimes by the Aidar Volunteer Battalion in the north Luhansk region https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/8000/eur500402014en.pdf (Accessed 14 April 2015)

Council of Europe (13 January 2015) Preliminary observations made by the delegation of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) which visited Ukraine from 9 to 16 September 2014 http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1421144131_2015-05-inf-eng.pdf (Accessed 15 April 2015)

European Commission (25 March 2015) Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Ukraine: Progress in 2014 and recommendations for actions http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1427898393_ukraine-enp-report-2015- en.pdf (Accessed 15 April 2015)

5 Kanal TV (27 January 2015) Ukraine puts Russian actor on wanted list for "terrorism" http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Interfax News Agency (16 March 2015) Five ex-Rada members wanted by Ukrainian prosecutors http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

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Interfax News Agency (9 December 2014) Twenty-two suspects in Maidan shooting probe on wanted list, 13 others to be declared wanted - Ukraine Prosecutor http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Interfax-Ukraine (5 June 2014) Ukraine puts two separatist leaders on wanted list http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

ITAR TASS (4 January 2015) Ukraine Security Service puts Russian singers, actors on wanted list http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

ITAR-TASS (6 December 2014) Over 20 people put on wanted list for killing Maidan protesters, embezzling state funds http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

ITAR-TASS (19 June 2014) Ukraine law enforcers put several Russian journalists on wanted list – LifeNews http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

ITAR-TASS (6 June 2014) Ukrainian Security Service puts 2 officials of self- proclaimed republics on wanted list http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (15 August 2014) MIA continues to search persons involved in the May events in Odesa http://www.mvs.gov.ua/mvs/control/main/en/publish/article/1125518 (Accessed 14 April 2015)

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (25 December 2014) Kyiv, Separatists Agree On Prisoner Exchange http://www.rferl.org/content/kyiv-separatists-agree-on-prisoner- exchange/26762743.html (Accessed 14 April 2015)

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Ukraine General Newswire (31 March 2015) Ex-Head of Kyiv police and his deputy put on wanted list for organizing assault on Maidan on February 19, 2014 http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ukraine General Newswire (13 March 2015) PGO puts five former members of parliamentary Counting Commission on wanted list http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ukraine General Newswire (25 July 2014) Prosecutor General's Office puts one of LPR leaders on wanted list http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ukraine General Newswire (18 April 2014) Yanukovych's son Oleksandr put on wanted list in Ukraine http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ukrainian National News Agency (Ukrinform) (26 November 2014) SBU arrests 668 people for separatism this year http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

Ukrayinska Pravda (26 March 2015) Seventy-six Crimean ex-MPs wanted in Ukraine for "treason" http://www.lexisnexis.com (Accessed 15 April 2015) This is a subscription database

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (15 February 2015) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine http://www.refworld.org/docid/55115a7d4.html (Accessed 14 April 2015)

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (15 November 2014) Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1417001258_ohchr-seventh- reportukraine20-11-14.pdf (Accessed 16 April 2015)

Sources Consulted:

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Amnesty International Electronic Immigration Network European Country of Origin Information Network Google Human Rights Watch Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada International Crisis Group Lexis Nexis Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine UNHCR Refworld

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