Research and Development in the Computer and Information Sciences
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Data Processing with Unit Record Equipment in Iceland
Data Processing with Unit Record Equipment in Iceland Óttar Kjartansson (Retired) Manager of Data Processing Department at Skýrr, Iceland [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the usage of unit record equipment and punched cards in Iceland and introduces some of the pioneers. The usage of punched cards as a media in file processing started 1949 and became the dominant machine readable media in Iceland until 1968. After that punched cards were still used as data entry media for a while but went completely out of use in 1982. Keywords: Data processing, unit record, punched card, Iceland. 1 Hagstofa Íslands Hagstofa Íslands (Statistical Bureau of Iceland) initiated the use of 80 column punched cards and unit record equipment in Iceland in the year 1949. The first ma- chinery consisted of tabulating machine of the type IBM 285 (handled numbers only), the associated key punch machines, verifiers, and a card sorter. See Figures 1 and 2. This equipment was primarily used to account for the import and export for Iceland. Skýrr (Skýrsluvélar ríkisins og Reykjavíkurborgar - The Icelandic State and Munici- pal Data Center) was established three years later by an initiative from Hagstofa Íslands, Rafmagnsveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavík Electric Power Utility), and the Medical Director of Health of Iceland as was described in an earlier article [3]. Fig. 1. IBM 285 Electric Accounting Machine at Hagstofa Íslands year 1949 J. Impagliazzo, T. Järvi, and P. Paju (Eds.): HiNC 2, IFIP AICT 303, pp. 225–229, 2009. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2009 226 Ó. Kjartansson Fig. 2. Early form of the data registration using a punched card. -
Oct. 5Th IBM 1401
episode “Whither Canada?” The IBM 1403 series would run for forty-five Oct. 5th Oct. 5, 1959 episodes over four series. It was conceived, written, and The IBM 1403 line printer was performed Graham Chapman, IBM 1401 introduced at the same time as John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric the IBM 1401 [previous entry]. Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Oct. 5, 1959 The original could print 600 Palin. lines per minute, but the Model The term “spam” in reference to The IBM 1401 was the first 3 could manage a blazingly fast bulk, unsolicited email [March machine in the highly successful 1400 lines per minute. IBM 1400 series. IBM was 31] is derived from the show’s pleasantly surprised (perhaps It was the first printer to offer a “Spam” sketch which premiered even shocked) to receive 5,200 width of 132 columns, which on Dec. 15, 1970. “Spam” is orders in just five weeks after its was subsequently adapted by uttered at least 132 times. announcement – more than had many others devices, such as the The Python language [Feb 20] is been predicted for the entire Centronics 101 (1970), the named after the troupe, and lifetime of the device. Indeed, DECwriter II ([Sept 24]1975), Monty Python references are the number of installed and the Epson MX-80 ([Oct 00] often found in sample code. For machines peaked at over 10,000 1980). One historian believes instance, many Python coders in the mid-1960s, and accounted this unusual number of columns like to use spam, ham, and eggs for nearly half of all the derives from the spacing used by as variables, instead of the more computer systems in the world IBM’s pre-1928 punch cards traditional foo [March 10], bar, at the time. -
Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Solving Algebraic Systems: the Importance of Computer Algebra
- Y'M?S </#i/ ИНСТИТУТ ядерных исследований дубна Е5-89-62Ц V.P.Gerdt, N.A.Kostov, A.Yu.Zharkov* NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS AND SOLVING ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS: THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER ALGEBRA Submitted to International Conference "Solitons and its Applications", Dubna, August 25-27, 1989 * Saratov State University, USSR 1989 1.INTRODUCTION A wide-spread problem in the theory of nonlinear evolution equations (NEE) is to find the exact solutions of complicated algebraic systems. For example, let us consider the following evolution systems U - AU + F(U,U , ..U ), U=U(x,t)-(U1, . ,UH) , U=D1(U), D=d/dx IN 1 N-1 I /ii F«(F\ . -FH) , A==diag(A , . .A) , A *0, A *A , (i*j). The general symmetry approach to checking up the integrability and classification of integrable NEE (see the reviews [1,2] and references therein) allows to obtain the integrability conditions which are related to existence of higher order symmetries and conservation laws in a fully algorithmic way. The implementation of these algorithms in a form of FORMAC program FORMINT have been given for scalar equations (M=l in (1)) in [3 j and for the general case (M>1) in [4]. Using this program one can automatically obtain the equations in right hand side of (l) which follow from the necessary integrability conditions. The integrabiiity conditions for the right hand side with arbitrary functions have the form of systems of differential equations, the procedure of solving these equations is not generally algorithmic. But in the important particular cases when the right hand side F are polynomials and the integrability conditions are reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations in coefficients of the polynomials. -
SDS 940 THEORY of OPERATION Technical Manual SDS 98 01 26A
SDS 940 THEORY OF OPERATION Technical Manual SDS 98 01 26A March 1967 SCIENTIFIC DATA SYSTEMS/1649 Seventeenth Street/Santa Monica, California/UP 1-0960 ® 1967 Scientific Data Systems, Inc. Printed in U. S. A. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...•.••.•••••.••.••.•..•.••••• 1-1 1.1 General ................................... 1-1 1.2 Documentation .•...•..•.••..•••••••.•.••.••••• 1-1 1 .3 Physical Description ..•...•.••••.••..••••..••••. 1-2 1.4 Featu re s • . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • . • . • • . • • • 1-2 1 .5 Input/Output Capabi I ity •.•....•.•.......•.....•.. 1-2 1 .5. 1 Parallel Input/Output System .•...•.....••..•. 1-6 1.5.1.1 Word Parallel System ...........•.. 1-6 1.5.1.2 Single-Bit Control and Sense System .... 1-8 1 .5.2 Time-Multiplexed Communication Channels .....•. 1-8 1 .5.3 Direct Memory Access System ............... 1-9 1.5.3.1 Direct Access Communication Channels •. 1-9 1.5.3.2 Data Multiplexing System ...•.....•. 1-10 1 .5.4 Priority Interrupt System . • . 1-10 1.5.4.1 Externa I Interrupt •..........•.... 1-11 1.5.4.2 Input/Output Channe I ..•..•.•••••. 1-12 1.5.4.3 Real-Time Clock •••.••.••••••••• 1-12 1 .6 Input/Output Devices •..•..••.••.••.••.•••••..•. 1-12 1 .6. 1 Buffered Input/Output Devices ..••.••.•.•••.•• 1-12 1.6.2 Unbuffered Input/Output Devices ••••..••••..•• 1-14 II OPERATION AND PROGRAMMING •..•••••.••.•..•....••. 2-1 2. 1 General .•..•.......•......•..............•. 2-1 2.2 Chang i ng Operat ion Modes •.•.••.••.•••.•..•..•.•• 2-2 2.3 Modes of Operation •..••.••.••.••..••••..••••••• 2-2 2.3. 1 Normal Mode .••••••••••••••••••••.••••• 2-2 2.3.1.1 Interrupt Rout i ne Return Instru ction .•.•. 2-3 2.3.1.2 Overflow Instructions ...••..•••••• 2-3 2.3.1.3 Mode Change Instruction ....••.•..• 2-3 2.3.1.4 Data Mu Itiplex Channe I Interlace Word •. -
Department of Electrical Engineering
Display of digitally processed data Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Jurich, Samuel, 1929- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 17:48:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551403 DISPLAY OP DIGITALLY PROCESSED DATA ■ v : ' hJ Sarauel Jurlch A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the : - ‘ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of : o ' MASTER OF SCIENCE : ' In the Graduate College A UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 5 9 This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: 6 4f/?y /9S~<7 John R. -
WORKSHOP on COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS in the CONTROL of FLEXIBLE SYSTEMS
NASA Technical Memorandum 10 1578, Part One WORKSHOP on COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS in the CONTROL of FLEXIBLE SYSTEMS Held at the Royce Hotel in WiIIiamsburg, Virginia (\!~?~-~*-lolj?d-pt-l) P&~C~L~IN~Y-F THE <UL (; 8.; t\jo~-l?~Su ~~KY,~+~JDfl~CnHPUTATIONAL ASPFCTI IY TcF --T )~uI)-- ~f'4T1.1L dC Ei'XfrLt. >Y>TtU,, f'AQT i (.\A>A- r\eu-lP>CL L an-1-y Rps~arihCentnr) 492 p C5CL 2LR UnLl ~s 55 3 G;/i3 J,'i74qA Sponsored by the NASA Langley Research Center Proceedings Compiled by Larry Taylor Table of Contents Page Introduction Computational Aspects Workshop Call for Papers 1 Workshop Organizing Committee 5 Attendance List 7 --------___-----__-------------------------------------- Needs for Advanced CSI Software NASA's Control/Structures Interaction (CSI) Program Brantley R. Hanks, NASA Langley Research Center 21-, Computational Controls for Aerospace Systems Guy Man, Robert A. Laskin and A. Fernando Tolivar Jet Propulsion Laboratory 33. Additional Software Developments Wanted for Modeling and Control of Flexible Systems Jiguan G. Lin, Control Research Corporation 4 9 Survey of Available Software Flexible Structure Control Experiments Using a Real-Time Workstation for Computer-Aided Control Engineering Michael E. Steiber, Communications Research Centre 6 7 CONSOLE: A CAD Tandem for Optimizationl-Based Design Interacting with User-Supplied Simulators Michael K.H. Fan, Li-Shen Wang, Jan Koninckx and Andre L. Tits,University of Maryland, College Park 8 9 mLPAGE IS QUALfTY ORIGINAL PAGE IS OF POOR QUALITY The Application of TSIM Software to ACT Design and Analysis of Flexible Aircraft Ian W. Kaynes, Royal Aerospace Establishment, Farnborouth 109 - Control/Structure Interaction Methods for Space Statian Power Systems Paul Blelloch, Structural Dynamics Research Corporation 121L, Flexible Missile Autopilot Design Studies with PC-MATLAB386 Michael J. -
Xx1963-1988 Symp Digest
Preliminary Table of Contents for SID Symposium Digests 1963-1988, Sorted on Lead Authors (authors' company affiliation not listed) Notes: 1 Both "Author" and "Title" fields are truncated The index covers full papers and keynote speeches for SID 2 Symposia from 1963 through 1988; panel sessions, seminars and luncheon speakers are not listed Authors' company affiliations are not 3 shown (to be added) The first ten (10 Symposia were identified by numbers, as follows: 4 2/1963 -#1; 9/63 - #2; 5/64-#3; 9/64 - #4; 2/65 - #5; 9/65 - #6; 10/66 - #7; 5/67 - #8; 5/68 - #9; 5/69 - #10 5/64-#3; 9/64 - #4; 2/65 - #5; 9/65 - #6; 10/66 - #7; 5/67 - #8; 5/68 - #9; 5/69 - #10 5 Color codes indicate aauthors who authors with two ()2) papers werelead authors for multple papers (where they are lead author) authors with three (3) papers Authors with 4 and 5 papers, respectively Year Session # Author(s) Page Title Abbey, C. G.* 1982 142 13 A Visual Simulator Image Generator using a Laser Scanned Model Abdalla, M. I.*; Plumb, J. L.; Hope, L. L. 1984 245 15 Large-Area ac Thin-Film EL Displays Abdalla, M. I.*; Thomas, J. A. 1978 130 14 Low Voltage DC Electroluminescence in ZnS (Mn, Cul Thin- Film Phosphors Abe, A.*; Matsuoka, T.; Tohda, T.; 1985 215 12 AC Thin-Film EL Display with PrMnO3 Black Dielectric Material Fujita, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Kuwata, J. Abileah, Adi*; Vijan, Meera; Baron, Yair; 1988 420 22 Full-Color Displays with Amorphous-Silicon PIN Diodes Cannella, Vincent; McGill, John; Yaniv, for Military and Avionics Applications Zvi; Ukrainsky, Orest Abramson, N.*; Bjelkhagen, H.; Skande, 1980 224 21 Holographic System for Storing Information Interferometrically P. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,203,987 B1 Friend Et Al
USOO6203987B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,203,987 B1 Friend et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 20, 2001 (54) METHODS FOR USING CO-REGULATED Garrels, JI et al “Quant exploration of the REF52 protein GENESETS TO ENHANCE DETECTION AND database: cluster analysis reveals major protein expression CLASSIFICATION OF GENE EXPRESSION profiles in resonses to growth regulation, Serum Stimulation, PATTERNS and viral transformation’, Electrophoresis, 12/90, 11(12): 1114–30.* (75) Inventors: Stephen H. Friend, Seattle, WA (US); Anderson et al., 1994, “Involvement of the protein tyrosine Roland Stoughton, San Diego, CA kinase p56' in T cell signaling and thymocyte develop (US) ment.” Adv. Immunol. 56:151-178. (73) Assignee: Rosetta Inpharmatics, Inc., Kirkland, Anderson, 1995, “Mutagenesis", Methods Cell. Biol. 48:31. WA (US) Baudin et al., 1993, “A simple and efficient method for direct gene deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ' Nucl. Acids (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this ReS. 21:3329-3330. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Belshaw et al., 1996, “Controlling protein association and U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Subcellular localization with a Synthetic ligand that induces heterodimerization of proteins,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (21) Appl. No.: 09/179,569 93:46O4-46O7. (22) Filed: Oct. 27, 1998 Bernoist and Chambon, 1981, “In vivo sequence require ments of the SV40 early promoter region”, Nature 290: (51) Int. Cl. ............................ C12O 1/68; C12P 21/04; 304-310. GO1N 33/543 Biocca, 1995, “Intracellular immunization: antibody target ing to subcellular compartments,” Trends in Cell Biology (52) U.S. -
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BEST AVAILABLE COPY i The pur'pose of this DIGITAL COMPUTER Itop*"°a""-'"""neesietter' YNEWSLETTER . W OFFICf OF NIVAM RUSEARCMI • MATNEMWTICAL SCIENCES DIVISION Vol. 9, No. 2 Editors: Gordon D. Goldstein April 1957 Albrecht J. Neumann TABLE OF CONTENTS It o Page No. W- COMPUTERS. U. S. A. "1.Air Force Armament Center, ARDC, Eglin AFB, Florida 1 2. Air Force Cambridge Research Center, Bedford, Mass. 1 3. Autonetics, RECOMP, Downey, Calif. 2 4. Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army 2 5. IBM 709. New York, New York 3 6. Lincoln Laboratory TX-2, M.I.T., Lexington, Mass. 4 7. Litton Industries 20 and 40 DDA, Beverly Hills, Calif. 5 8. Naval Air Test Centcr, Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland 5 9. National Cash Register Co. NC 304, Dayton, Ohio 6 10. Naval Air Missile Test Center, RAYDAC, Point Mugu, Calif. 7 11. New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn, New York 7 12. Philco, TRANSAC. Philadelphia, Penna. 7 13. Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 8 COMPUTING CENTERS I. Univ. of California, Radiation Lab., Livermore, Calif. 9 2. Univ. of California, SWAC, Los Angeles, Calif. 10 3. Electronic Associates, Inc., Princeton Computation Center, Princeton, New Jersey 10 4. Franklin Institute Laboratories, Computing Center, Philadelphia, Penna. 11 5. George Washington Univ., Logistics Research Project, Washington, D. C. 11 6. M.I.T., WHIRLWIND I, Cambridge, Mass. 12 7. National Bureau of Standards, Applied Mathematics Div., Washington, D.C. 12 8. Naval Proving Ground, Naval Ordnance Computation Center, Dahlgren, Virgin-.a 12 9. Ramo Wooldridge Corp., Digital Computing Center, Los Angeles, Calif. -
A Review of Mathematica
A Review of Mathematica RICHARD J. FATEMAN ∗ [email protected] Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 16 September 1991 Abstract The Mathematica computer system is reviewed from the perspective of its contributions to symbolic and algebraic computation, as well as its stated goals. Design and implementation issues are discussed. 1 Introduction The Mathematica1 computer program is a general system for doing mathematical computation [51][52]. It includes a command language, a programming language, and a calculation environment that is oriented toward symbolic as well as numeric mathematics. The back cover of the manual [52] provides excerpts from rave notices like “The importance of [Mathematica] cannot be overlooked. it so fundamentally alters the mechanics of mathematics.” —The New York Times. Fortune [47] says “. it will do, instantaneously, virtually all of applied mathematics. .” Hype aside, the program is without question interesting to mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers because of its combination of a number of ∗This work has been supported in part by the following: the National Science Foundation under grant numbers CCR-8812843 and CDS-8922788, through the Center for Pure and Applied Mathe- matics and the Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL) at the University of California at Berkeley; the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD) ARPA order #4871, monitored by Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command under contract N00039-84-C-0089, through ERL; and grants from the IBM Corporation, the State of California MICRO program, and Sun Microsystems. 1 Mathematica is a trademark of Wolfram Research Inc. (WRI). 1 technologies that have arisen in initially separate contexts—numerical and sym- bolic mathematics, graphics, and modern user interfaces. -
Downloaded for Storage and Display—As Is Common with Contemporary Systems—Because in 1952 There Were No Image File Formats to Capture the Graphical Output of a Screen
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title The random-access image: Memory and the history of the computer screen Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b3873pn Journal Grey Room, 70(70) ISSN 1526-3819 Author Gaboury, J Publication Date 2018-03-01 DOI 10.1162/GREY_a_00233 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California John Warnock and an IDI graphical display unit, University of Utah, 1968. Courtesy Salt Lake City Deseret News . 24 doi:10.1162/GREY_a_00233 The Random-Access Image: Memory and the History of the Computer Screen JACOB GABOURY A memory is a means for displacing in time various events which depend upon the same information. —J. Presper Eckert Jr. 1 When we speak of graphics, we think of images. Be it the windowed interface of a personal computer, the tactile swipe of icons across a mobile device, or the surreal effects of computer-enhanced film and video games—all are graphics. Understandably, then, computer graphics are most often understood as the images displayed on a computer screen. This pairing of the image and the screen is so natural that we rarely theorize the screen as a medium itself, one with a heterogeneous history that develops in parallel with other visual and computa - tional forms. 2 What then, of the screen? To be sure, the computer screen follows in the tradition of the visual frame that delimits, contains, and produces the image. 3 It is also the skin of the interface that allows us to engage with, augment, and relate to technical things. -
Tabulation of Published Data on Electron Devices of the U.S.S.R. Through December 1976
NAT'L INST. OF STAND ms & TECH R.I.C. Pubii - cations A111D4 4 Tfi 3 4 4 NBSIR 78-1564 Tabulation of Published Data on Electron Devices of the U.S.S.R. Through December 1976 Charles P. Marsden Electron Devices Division Center for Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 December 1978 Final QC— U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 100 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS U56 73-1564 Buraev of Standard! NBSIR 78-1564 1 4 ^79 fyr *'• 1 f TABULATION OF PUBLISHED DATA ON ELECTRON DEVICES OF THE U.S.S.R. THROUGH DECEMBER 1976 Charles P. Marsden Electron Devices Division Center for Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 December 1978 Final U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary / Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director - 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface i v 1. Introduction 2. Description of the Tabulation ^ 1 3. Organization of the Tabulation ’ [[ ] in ’ 4. Terminology Used the Tabulation 3 5. Groups: I. Numerical 7 II. Receiving Tubes 42 III . Power Tubes 49 IV. Rectifier Tubes 53 IV-A. Mechanotrons , Two-Anode Diode 54 V. Voltage Regulator Tubes 55 VI. Current Regulator Tubes 55 VII. Thyratrons 56 VIII. Cathode Ray Tubes 58 VIII-A. Vidicons 61 IX. Microwave Tubes 62 X. Transistors 64 X-A-l . Integrated Circuits 75 X-A-2. Integrated Circuits (Computer) 80 X-A-3. Integrated Circuits (Driver) 39 X-A-4. Integrated Circuits (Linear) 89 X- B.