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Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: Adult Children and Their Ageing Parents in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families Isabelle Albert University of Luxembourg

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Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: Adult Children and Their Ageing Parents in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families Isabelle Albert University of Luxembourg Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Papers from the International Association for Cross- IACCP Cultural Psychology Conferences 2016 Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: Adult Children and their Ageing Parents in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families Isabelle Albert University of Luxembourg Dieter Ferring University of Luxembourg, [email protected] Dieter Ferring University of Luxembourg Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Albert, I., Ferring, D., & Barros Coimbra, S. (2016). Intergenerational family relations in Luxembourg: Adult children and their ageing parents in migrant and non-migrant families. In C. Roland-Lévy, P. Denoux, B. Voyer, P. Boski, & W. K. Gabrenya Jr. (Eds.), Unity, diversity and culture. Proceedings from the 22nd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers/222 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the IACCP at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Albert - 63 Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: to the younger generations, for instance when parents support their adult children finan- Adult Children and their Ageing Parents cially or help them in practical issues such as caring for grandchildren (Attias-Donfut, in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families Ogg & Wolff, 2005; see also Albert & Ferring, 2013). In spite of the increasing socie- tal relevance, research evidence regarding these issues in ageing migrant families is still Isabelle Albert very scant. Older migrants (first generation) and their adult children (second generation) Stephanie Barros Coimbra compared to families without migration background might be particularly confronted Dieter Ferring with specific tasks regarding intergenerational solidarity. For instance, first generation University of Luxembourg parents might need higher intergenerational support from their adult children due to a ([email protected]) smaller social network in the host country or due to fewer sociocultural resources such as language competences. Abstract It is still an open question how ageing immigrants will organize their lives after re- Whereas most studies in the context of acculturation research have focused so far on family relations between tirement. Although a considerable number of ageing migrants might initially have en- first generation parents and their second generation children in adolescence, the present study draws its attention on immigrant families at later stages in the family life cycle. This study is part of the FNR-funded project on visaged a return migration, it seems that a permanent return to the country of origin is “Intergenerational Relations in the Light of Migration and Ageing – IRMA” in which a cross-cultural compari- enacted more seldom (Baganha, 2003; Beirão, 2010). This might be – among others – son of altogether N = 120 Portuguese and Luxembourgish triads of older parents and their adult children, both due to family related reasons, especially when immigrants have founded families of their living in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, is envisaged. The aims of this project are, firstly to examine simi- larities and differences in family values, internalized norms and mutual expectations of older parents and their own in the receiving country and when grown-up children continue living in the host adult children in migrant and non-migrant families; secondly, to analyze in how far an acculturation gap respec- country. The choice to stay in the host country after retirement might therefore entail tively a generation gap might have an impact on the relationship quality between parents and their adult children; specific expectations of ageing parents toward their adult children and vice versa. How- thirdly and related to this, to explore subjective well-being (SWB) of all involved family members. Results are discussed in the framework of an integrative model of intergenerational family relations in the light of migration ever, due to an acculturation gap between first and second generation immigrants, par- and ageing. ents’ and adult children’s identity constructions including family values/norms and ex- pectations for mutual support may diverge, and this can have an effect on the quality of their intergenerational relations (Birman, 2006). Differences in expectations and beliefs Introduction could for instance lead to intergenerational strain and to a reduced well-being of family e.g. Most studies in the context of acculturation research have focused on family relations members (see , Sam & Berry, 2010; Ward, 2001). between first generation parents and their second generation children in adolescence, but Research Questions only few studies have focused on intergenerational relations in ageing migrant families The aim of the present study is to examine similarities and differences in family co- (e.g., Attias-Donfut, Wolff & Tessier, 2005). In Luxembourg as in several other Euro- hesion, internalized family norms as well as patterns of mutual support exchange of old- pean countries, an unprecedented number of first generation immigrants of the large er parents and their adult children in migrant and non-migrant families in Luxembourg. immigration waves of the 1970s will approach retirement age in the next years (Beirão, Further, we analyze in how far intergenerational relations in migrant and non-migrant 2010; Ferring, Thill & Leners, 2008; Statec, 2011). The question of how parent-child families might be characterized by an acculturation gap or a generation gap regarding relations in migrant families are regulated at later stages in the life span – namely, be- several aspects of intergenerational solidarity. Finally, we investigate in how far inter- tween older parents and their adult children - is therefore gaining particular importance. generational support exchange can be predicted by other aspects of family relations for One crucial question regarding intergenerational relations between parents and their older parents and their adult children in migrant and non-migrant families. children in adulthood refers to intergenerational solidarity and mutual support provi- Method sion (Bengtson & Roberts, 1991). As old age is still associated with a high probability of physical and functional impairments, older individuals from migrant families – just Participants as their counterparts from the host country – might need support and care from their The present study is part of the FNR-funded project on “Intergenerational Relations families at some point in their lives (Ferring, 2010). At the same time, earlier research in the Light of Migration and Ageing – IRMA”. In this project, a cross-cultural com- has also shown that older generations often provide important support of different kinds parison between Portuguese and Luxembourgish families living in the Grand Duchy Albert - 63 Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg: to the younger generations, for instance when parents support their adult children finan- Adult Children and their Ageing Parents cially or help them in practical issues such as caring for grandchildren (Attias-Donfut, in Migrant and Non-Migrant Families Ogg & Wolff, 2005; see also Albert & Ferring, 2013). In spite of the increasing socie- tal relevance, research evidence regarding these issues in ageing migrant families is still Isabelle Albert very scant. Older migrants (first generation) and their adult children (second generation) Stephanie Barros Coimbra compared to families without migration background might be particularly confronted Dieter Ferring with specific tasks regarding intergenerational solidarity. For instance, first generation University of Luxembourg parents might need higher intergenerational support from their adult children due to a ([email protected]) smaller social network in the host country or due to fewer sociocultural resources such as language competences. Abstract It is still an open question how ageing immigrants will organize their lives after re- Whereas most studies in the context of acculturation research have focused so far on family relations between tirement. Although a considerable number of ageing migrants might initially have en- first generation parents and their second generation children in adolescence, the present study draws its attention on immigrant families at later stages in the family life cycle. This study is part of the FNR-funded project on visaged a return migration, it seems that a permanent return to the country of origin is “Intergenerational Relations in the Light of Migration and Ageing – IRMA” in which a cross-cultural compari- enacted more seldom (Baganha, 2003; Beirão, 2010). This might be – among others – son of altogether N = 120 Portuguese and Luxembourgish triads of older parents and their adult children, both due to family related reasons, especially when immigrants have founded families of their living in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, is envisaged. The aims of this project are, firstly to examine simi- larities and differences in family values, internalized norms and mutual expectations of older parents and their own in the receiving country and when grown-up children continue living in the host adult children
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