JAMES CRICHTON, Commonly Called (And Apparently in His Own Lifetime)

I. NOTICE SilF SO l ROBER JAMESTN CRICHTOSO S , HI CLUNYF F NO O D AN , " THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON." BY JOHN STUART, Esa., F.S.A. SCOT. JAMES CRICHTON, commonly called (and apparently in his own lifetime) " The Admirabl ee leas th Crichton, t t memorablno s wa e ban" th f literar o f do e y knights-errant who, in the sixteenth century, made Scotland celebrated through- out Europe. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY 0V

s fathe Robers Hi wa r t Crichto Lors f Eliocko nwa d o Advocatwh , e during reigne parth f Queef o to s nsonr Marhe , d Jameyan . sVI James, eldest son of Robert Crichton, by Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir James Stewart of Beath, is supposed by his biographers to have been born on the 19th of August 1560. In the year 1570 he was sent to the University of St Andrews, wher tooe edegree h kth A.Bf eo 20tn o . h Marc fole th -h n 1574i d an , lowing 1577f yeao d beginninr ro , en tha e A.Mf th to n I g. of 1578 repairee ,h d to France, where he is said to have distinguished himself by his skill alike in literatur s sai i havarmsn o di t e d H e .e an gon Italo et 1580n yi , arriving at Venice before the close of that year. Here he became familiar with Aldus Manutius and other men of letters. On the 3d of July 1582 he is said to have met his death under circumstances of romantic interest at Mantua. Having taken notes fro e title-deedmth estate th f Clunyf o eo s , whicw hno belongs to the Earl of Airlie, when arranging his Lordship's charters some years ago, of certain facts connected with Crichton and his father, which may serve to amplify our present information regarding them, I take the opportu- nit bringinf yo g them befor Societye eth , when various portrait formee th f so r exhibitede b o t e ar . The lands of Cluny for some time belonged to the Herrings of Glasclune. On llth October 1501, Andrew Herring of Glasclune and his father, James Herring of Tulibole, granted a procuratory for resigning the lands of Overcardny and others, with the lands of Cluny, into the King's hands, for infeftmeat to be given to George Bishop of Dnnkeld. This deed was granted within the Chap- r Houste Dunkelf o e d before witnesses, Andrew Lord Gray, Justicia f Scotro - land ; Laurence Abbot of Inchaifray ; Sir John Rattray of that Ilk; Mr Wal- ter Broun, Official General of Dunkeld; George Broun, Chancellor; and Sir Thomas Lyn, Canon of that cathedral. George Brown, the prelate, who thus acquired the lands of Cluny, was f Dunkelo consecratee se n 1484e di died th deeda n 1515 an i o d,y dt B , . dated 10th June 1504, the Bishop, in honour of Almighty God, Our Lord Jesus Christ s Blessehi , d Mother Mary t ColumbaS , , patro f Dunkeldno d an , also out of special devotion for St Catherine, Virgin and Martyr, founded a Chaplainry for two Chaplains on the island in the Loch of Cluny, for which he mortified a sum of sixteen pounds, payable out of the lands of Wester Craigend of Cluny, along with two acres of land lying nearest to the Loch, on e soutth h e sideconstituteH . d these chaplains guardian e islanth d f dan o s loch f theI . y shoul absene db t fro islane mth fifteer dfo n days r shoulo , d keep a public concubine, or receive any woman of whatever condition to residence islande onth r retaie nighto , r theron nr he ,e fo the t shoulni lawfue e db th o t l ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 105

Bisho f Dunkels constitute pi o time e o th r wh , dfo d patroChaplainrye th f no , to institut chaplainw ene s ipso facto. Alexander Myln, Canon of Dunkeld, who was afterwards Abbot of Cambus- kenneth, and first President of the College of Justice, in his Lives of the Bishop Dunkeldf o s preserves ha , d many particulars connected with the rulf eo Bishop Brown. In relating the foundation in the Chapel of St Catherine at Cluny sayse ,h , " Thi swhole chapeth d e an lfortalic islane th n di e (excepe th t greatee vaulth f o t r tower buils restored Bishop.e wa )tan th y db " Robert Crichton famile th f Crichtof ,o yo Nauchtonf no Fifeshiren ,i , ascended the Episcopal throne about 1550. uncles Hi 1 , George Crichton previousld ha , y been Bishop. Of him it has been remarked by Archbishop Spottiswood, that he was a man nobly disposed, very hospitable, and a magnificent housekeeper, bumattern i t religiof so t mucinclinee b nno y h recognizo skilleddma t e W . e the truth of the last part of this statement, on hearing from Spottiswood2 " of an argument which he used to one of Ids vicars, viz., that he thanked God he knew neither the New nor the Old Testament, and yet had prospered well enough all his days." followine Th g fac-simil Georgf eo e Crichton's signatur fros ei mprecepa f o t sasine,3 dated at Edinburgh, 7th of June 1542 :—

It is well to remark, with the view of preventing confusion, that there was a contempo- 1 rary famil Crichtof yo f Clunyo n Fifeshiren i , , possesse lande th Clunf f so o d othersd yan , in the parish of Kinglassie, in that county. In the Records of the Commissariot of Edin- burg recordes hi dTestamene "Th t Testamenta Inventad gudisran e th f o ,r geir, soumef so money, and dettis, perteining to umquhile Maister George Creichtoun of Clunie the time of his decei Marcn si h 1573," Marianngivey b p nu e Creichtoun spouss hi , , Andro Abircrumby, and Patrick Creichtou Lugtounf no s Executorshi , , who nominatee mh 10tn do h Marcd han year foresaid before witnesses, Mr John Abircrumby, David Creichtoun, brother to the Laird of Lugtoun, and William Boswell of Craigsyd. 2 Spottiswood's Hist, of Church of Scot., Vol. i. p. 199. Edin. 1847. chartee 3 th Thi d whico t rsan t relateshi , als opossessioe signeBishope th th n i y de b nar , of David I.aiiig. Esq. 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF

deatOe nth Bishof ho p George Crichton 24tn ,o h January 1543-4 Regene ,th t Arran nominate brothers dhi , John Hamilton vacane th o ,t t see. Robert Crich- ton, who was in Italy at the time, and held several ecclesiastical appointments, appears to have had sufficient influence to prevent the completion of Hamilton's appointment, he himself having been designed for the vacant see by his uncle, havind an g apparently receive nominatios dfrohi e Popee se m th e th . o nt Lega l proceedings were carried on for several years between the rival Bishops ; but promotioe onth f Hamiltono Primace th t Andrewso nS t f yo , Crichtone th n i , year 15SO, became undisputed occupant of the see. s probabli t I e that Rober f moro n et Crichtolearningma a s nwa thas nhi uncle, while it appears that he inherited part of his worldly wisdom. Looking forwar probable th o dt e existine issuth f eo g confusion Scotlandn i s seeme ,h o st have judged it prudent to secure the lands of Cluny from confiscation; and on 1st January 1558 he entered into a contract with Robert Creichtoun, then styled simply advocate, by which he engaged to infeffc the latter in the lands of 10tn o Clunhd Julan y; y 1562, Robert Bisho Dunkeldf po , with consens hi f to Chaplaino tw Chapee ChapteCatherint e th S th f islanf e o d so l th ran n n di eo loce Clunyf th ho , grante charteda lande th - Clunf f so ro Ro r favoun yi M f o r bert Creichtoun stylew ,no d Lord Advocate Elizabetd an , h Stewart wifes d ,hi an , the survivor of them in conjunct infeftment, and the heirs-male to be begotten betwee saie bodr Roberte nth d th M them f f yo o r o ,; whom failin r JameM o gt s Crechtoun, fiar of Cranstoun, and the heirs-male of his body; whom failing to Patrick Crechtoun of Lugtown, and the heirs-male of his body ; whom failing to Edward Lord Crechtou f Sanquharno e heirs-malth bods d hi an , y ; f who o e m all failing to the nearest and lawful heirs-male and assignees of the said Mr Robert. Sasin gives thiewa n no s charte 13fce Augusf th ho n ro t following pren i , - sence of the Bishop, and Mr Robert Veitch and Thomas Atkin, Franciscan friars. By a deed, dated 14th August 1562, granted by " Maifter Robert Crychton, aduoca Quenie th o t s grace, n favou"i f Robero r t Bisho f Dunkeldpo sete h , s fort h: " Albei feu-farn i faidlordftiit s e fe hi tth s Robermo t pha lordftiip's hi t s barone landth f sf Cluno yo y : Neverthelef- t falsi in lo t noch e lefue m b t o mt tromit thairwith, nor to tak and uplift the mails and duties thereof, nor to labour e groun famee th th f ,do outpu r inpuo t t tenants, neithe mako t t eye rrefidenc e faide th n caftli e withou Biftiop'e tth s good will, permiffion fpeciad an , l leavd eha and obtaine faide th y Roberdb t thereto, willin Bilhoe ghailth e takth o p t l p eu profits of the faid lands, and difpone thereupon as his lordfhip thinks good, fet and remove the tenants and inhabit the faid caftle fo long as his lordfliip pleafes: Providing always tha faie th td Rober t aftricte keepinno e e th faie b t o dth t d f go caftle paymene , th neithe dutie o t th t f eo tye rfpecifie infeftmens hi n i d t during ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 107 lordlhip's time hi th f eo s intromiffion faie dth Roberd an , t folemnly obliges him- felf to refign and renounce at the faid Bifliop's pleafure and command all and haill the faid lands, and keeping of the caftle, with all title which the faid Robert famee hath remaio o t d,t n wit lordfhip's hhi s kirfaid f Dunkelko an t fren di e property ad perpetwam remcmentia/in, the faid Robert being duly warned upon premonition of 40 days; and at the making of faid refignation he is to deliver all evidents made to him thereupon . . . and heirto I oblige me taking the burden upon me for my wife and heirs during the faid reverend father's time only, and the fame to be no farther extended, neither to his lordihip's heirs, afiignees fucceflbrsr o , thid an r, prefent e reformib s lordfliio hi st s a t pt alof s pleifes, becawfs the making of the famyn is committit to my awin honefte and credit, and fall caws my wyfe confent heirto, and ratifie the premifis gif neid beis thad an ,t confor e contraiSan o mt l paft betwi s herevpounu x n caifsi , s a , God forbid, it fall happin me to failze in the poynts of the faid contrail, uther- wyfs thir prefentis to tak no effeft. In witnefs hereof to thir prefentis fubfcryvit with my hand, my feill is appenfit at the Caftell of Cluny, the fourtein day of Auguft 1562, before witnefles, Walter Ramfay Roberr M , t Veiche Williad an , m Ramfay." On 1566llty hMa , Robert Bisho Dunkelf po d grante dchartea favoun ri f o r James Crichton, eldest son of Robert Crichton, of the lands of Cluny. On 20th June 1575 r JameM , s Creichtoun lande th fias Clunyf f a ,so o r , with consenf o t Mr Robert Creichtoun of Eliok, his father, granted a procuratory for resigning the lands of Cluny into the hands of the Bishop of Duckeld. This deed is in- teresting as preserving to us the signature of James Crichton, and, so far as I know e onlth ,y specime s handwritinghi f o n e subscribeH . s r JAME"M S CEEICHTONE," having just got his degree of A.M. at St Andrews. It has also the signature of the father, as follows :— /flr* 3-

On 22d March 1576, James, Bishop of Dunkeld, by his charter, confirmed 8 10 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F F SO Y O

the lands of Cluny to James Crighton, eldest son of Mr Robert Crighton of Elio k; who m failins brothehi o t g r Robert Crighton; whom e failinth o t g sair RoberdM t Crichton Lore th sam e ,d y thei th Advo da en o r fathed - an ; r cate caused an instrument to be taken at his instance, setting forth that the conveyanc n favoue abovi th f eo r heir taillif so e shoul t prejudgdno cone eth - tract or bond made by the said Mr James, with consent of his curator, to the sai Robertr dM r redemptio,fo saie th d f nlando barond san e Clunyf yo th r no , letter f regresso s granted thereupo Robery nb t sometime Bisho f Dunkeldpo . This dee "e dates di saith Robert'r n dM i s foir chalme Belt a r l Wynde held, in Edinburgh, witnesses i d "an Jamey db s Bisho Dunkelf po othersd dan .

It appears that at some time subsequent to his forfeiture, which occurred before February 1571, : Bishop Robert mad legaa e l attemp resumo t t e pos- sessio lande th f f Clunyso na o pape d an ,r whic undateds hi whicf o , fole hth - principalowine th e gar l parts, preserve pleae s th whic n so Lore hth d Advocate meant to rest his defence :— " Memoriale toward Cluny for defence thereof againft the Bond or Reversion made by me for renunciation thereof, and Robert Bifliop of Dunkeld. " Firft, ther contraia s ei l paft betwix faie dtth towar e Bimom faie d ddth p an lands date t Edinburgda Janh1 . 1558, regiftere Sherife th n i df Court Bookf so Perth 1 June 1566, by which my lord for my fervice byepaft and other good f ijo deedm m merkiadvancemene fu sth donee r th sfo alfs r s caufea , ofo hi f o ts debtsrelies d hi an landf e fo , th obligeCluny f infefn so o i t whicy e B m m td .hi h contract also I am obliged to byde at the faith of Haly Kirk, trew fubject to the Queene and her authoritie, and to ferve the fait of Dunkeld induring my lifetime, and alfo by faid contract I am obliged to grant to the faid Bifliop a rever- fion for redeeming of the faid lands for his awn tyme allanerlie, in cais I faillie pointe th n i s forefaid. " Item hale maifr Th e,o t e tenentipair e th baron f th to maind f so y an f so Cluny enterit me in pofleflioun for payment to me of ane pairt of thair dewtiee Whitfondath r sfo y terme Ixij yeris quhil afois fefingy kwa m r , because I had takkis to ryn quhen I tuk the heritabill rycht. Maifter Johnne Bartane notar to ane Inftrument thereupon de data xxj Septembris Anno Domini Ixij. " Item, Katherine Donaldfoun, relict of umquhile James Fynley,gaie an e m o ft herezeild nai n Septembegi r Anno Domini Ixijthad vertee y an b ,tsa f wo heretabill rycht. I have ane inftrument heirupoun." [After 9 Oct. 1562 he began to hold courts and decide complaints. The Bishop took a tack from the Lord Advocate on 9 Aug. 1562 for 3 years.] 1 Keith's Scottish Bishops . Edin96 . p , . 1824. ANTIQUARIE9 10 SCOTLANDF SO .

Bifchoppie "Th s Licenc eintromeo t granti e m o t wit hou landiy d hm san s of Cluny 30 Sept. 1570. bane copie th reverfior " df Th o e o Bifchop e th o nt e gevee m quhairupo e nb n the fundiaftioue b y t n ma againthf o e, datsme t Clunea Aug4 y1 . 1562. " The copy of the fame band reformit in fum fubftantiall poyntis, of the date the 16lh day of Auguft 1662, fubfcrivit be the Bimop on the bak. Renounciatiou e copie th 'f 'Th e o haile th lf nbandio r reuerfiounio s s above writtin Biflioe th e , pb granti e datim t Edinburgo a t f Julxxvie o hth y da j 1566. " Vpon the writtis aboue expremit the defenceis following may be foundit. " Firft towars A , firfe dth fait e pairdth f bano t d quhai I oblifr e sth mo t e Bimop tha melt I falt no l l wit landise hth remour ,no refitenentik e eth - ma r sno houfdence th sn e i withou Biftop'e th t s leif willande tha th intromie e h t uf d an t famyn fa lang as he pleffis &°. " Thi competense b pair n ca thimfelfo t nano t t ebo f a alanerlief s i d an , perfonal t havs awihi no ef ln o thaplac ca t perfone t ti ow e . Quhairthroe wh now beand ciuilie deid throw forfaltour relevim a I ,thif o t s poynt, becaue th e sb exprefs wordifaie th d fai e f oblifbanso m th d a o Bimodawis t I t hi r n ptymfo e alanerlie, and the famyn to be na forther extendit nother to his airis affignais nor succefibris, as the band foirfaid per expreffwm beris. " [2. This firft head took no effect, becaufe I have been always flnce my Infeftment in pofleffion of the lands by holding of courts taking up herezeldis malis cayne fowlis ferms & duties, fetting tacks & other a

I hav beet s 1A eno n abl discoveo et r an yterme deeth n sdi here indicated, I have allowed the remarks on next page to stand, founded on the non-appearance of James Crichton's name in the Charter of July 1562. 0 11 PROCEEDING SOCIETE TH F F SYO O

" Firft elidinr Fo , thif go s pair oblifI t fely f tm heirtfaie dth Biflioo t p fos rhi awin time alanerlie, and the faid band to be na ferther extendit, nethir to his airis afiignai succeflbrisr sno , Quhairthrew this pair altogethes ti r perfonall, fwa tha Bifhoe beantth w pno d foirfal thairthrod an t w ciuilie deid, nan s havana e d rych hye b tr fuccedanmo places hi hav n n di ca , e acciou fulfillinr nfo f thigo s pairt, nether the new Bishop nor King, becaus succefforis ar fecludit per ex- preflwm boi speciallye the King, becaus the refignatioun fuld be maid in Kine th gf e ; becau o h t s a favorino e Kirr sd th fa alf Kine kan f a f o sth n gi may pretend to be ane succeflbr, is exprefllie fecludit. " Item, fecundlie, The contract quhairupoun all procedis, makis expres provi- fioun that this band fall have na place unles I faillie in the thre poyntis contenit in the faid contract, and thair is na declaratioun gevin agains me upoun the faidis faillies quhairthrouch ye faid band can not be ufit at this tyme. " Item, thridlie Biflioe nanr Th , no pe fuccedan pretendanr do d s rychhi n i t place n havca , e acciou o cau t renunce r m s n fo e landith e s forfaidis. Becaus vpoun the 11 day of Maii anno Ixij I refignit the landis in favoris of my fone, for heretabill infeftment to be gevin to him, quhilk efterwairt followit; In the quhilk refignacioun thai ns a thinrwa gwyfey referuim d , t lyferenan bo e t m o t t withow referuatiouy on t lyferenf no t reuerfiou e Biftiopye th r o t no t ,efte nbo r the forme of the contrailt foirfaid, in cais it fall happin me to faillie in the thre poyntis thairof et -non allter, quhairupon na declaratour is gevin, and fua this Inftrument of refignatioun makis plane derogatioun to the band foresaid quhill declaratoxir be gevin upon the faillies foirfaidis. " Item laft, The last Bifliop per expreffum hes difchargit this band of reuer-

flouninfeftmentnew liehis fonemaidmy to M . James. 1

" MemorandumT afoir all vther defenffis to have warrandice vponthe contradtt quhairvpou infeffcmene nth t paft." e dat f Th Jameo e s Crichton's birt s onli h y known fro n anonymouma s handbil r gazetto l e publishe t Venic dlifetimea s hi n ei , wher sais i t dei thae h t was bor 19tn no h August 1560. Some doubt must, however, res thin o t s statement from the absence of his name in the first charter of Cluny in 1562, which, after a general substitution of heirs-male, includes a destination, as we have seen, to several nominate substitutes, viz.,—Crichton of Lugton, Crichton of Cranston, and Crichton of Sanquhar ; while it seems likely that if James ha t thada t time bee existencen i n destinatioe th , n would have been 'takeo t n him in the first place. Commissare th f o At nac Edinburghf yo , dated 156613ty hMa , decernin- gcu

1 The words in italics are added in a different hand, probably by the Advocate. ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. Ill

rator Jameo st Hard san y Crichton, son f Roberso t Crichto Eliokf no pres ha , - serve theis u o dr t father' nearese botth n mother'd n ki ho f san to s side, viz.n ,o formere th , Edward Lord Sanquhar, John Crichto Ryhillf no Roberd ,an t Bishop of Dunkeld ; on the latter, John Lord Invermeath, and James Commendator of t Colna'S s Inch. Thi Harn sso y seem havo st e die infancydn i . subsequenCommissare A th f o t ac tEdinburghf yo 1580y , date- Ma ,ap d d3 points James Lord Invermeat tutoe d curatob an o hrt R—o rt Grisseld —an l Crichtone, daughters of Robert Crichtone of Eliock, when the nearest of kin on the father's side are stated to be Sir James Crichton of Frendraucht, William Crychton, tutor of Sanquhar, and James Crichton of Calco ; while those on the mother's sid Jamee ear s Lord Invermeath, James Stewar- f Douneo tAn d an , drew Stewart. Robert Crichto forfeites nwa 1571n d i Jame d ,an s Paton famile th f Balf ,o yo - lilisk, received from the King, in September of that year, a ratification of his election, proceedin lettern go licensf so e date Februarn di y 1571 t whica , h date the see is said to be vacant through process of forfeiture led against Robert sometime Bishop thereof. According to some accounts James Paton did not continue Bishop beyon yearsw fe da , having bee 157n i n e dilapir deprive5se fo s hi - f do datiobenefice.s hi f no t appearI 1 s fro s gravestonemhi churchyare th n i , f do Muckhart, tha e surviveh t d till 20th July 1596 t whica , h s designei tim e h e d "quondam Episcopus de Dunkeld." 2 Among the acts of the Parliament held at Edinburgh in August 1584: appears a " Pacificatioun granti Robero t t bifchop Dunkeld,f eo whicy "b conferres hi d on him " the elyke fauour, priuilege, and benefite of pacificatioun as is contenit in the pacificatioun maid and acuordit upoun at Perth ypoun the xziii day of Februar the yeir of God jn> vc thrie fcoir tuelf yeiris, ratefeit, apprevit, and con- parliamenfermie th n i t t haldi Edinburgt na monete th hn i April f ho l nixt thair- efter ..... and to be als largelie and fauorablie extendit to him for bruiking and pofleffing the bilhoprik of Dunkeld and utheris quhatfumeuir his landis, rentis, pofleffionis, roumes, houffis, benefices, lyverentis, honoris, priuileges, and digneteis quhilki e ufih s t befoir quhatfumeuir procef f forfalteuso r hed aganis cauy r occafiouon so hi r mfo n bigane precidinr e wa dai ge th h t heiroff gi s a , fpeciallie nominat in the faid pacificatioun ..... and ordanis the Lordis of Counfel Seffiod an l direio nt l letteri faie th d t Robertisa s inftanc repoflefiinr efo g hi thmo t e faid bifchopri utherid kan s abouewritten." 3 r DaviM d Lain kindls gha y furnishe wite followine dm h th g notices froe mth

1 Keith . 97 . ,p » Ibid. 5 Acts of the Parliament of Scotland, TO!, iii. p. 373. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF

Registers of Presentations to Benefices, and of Signatures, touching the restoration of the aged Prelate to his see. On the 8th September 1571 " the benefice of the Bishoprick of Dunkell, als- weill temporaliti s spiritualitiea e vacanw no , d throw forfaltou d aganile r s Robert sometyme Bisho f Dunkell,po conferres Jamer "wa M n so d Paton t I . appears, however, that Archibald Earl of Argyle had obtained a grant of the tem- poralities, date Januarh d7t y 1571-2. Jamer "M s Pawtou consecratee b o nt d Bisho Dunkeldf po kire ,Dunkelth f k o d vacand throw forfaltou Roberf o r t Crich- ton late Bisho same,e th f po " 20th July 1572. Thi followes s wa "Restitu a y db - temporalitiee tioth no t " made "to Mr James, now electit, admittit confirmid ,an t as Bisho Dunkeld,f po 27te th hn o "Apri lmistaka 1573 s i t I n Keit.ei o ht suppose that Paton resigned or was deprived in 1575. He was Bishop in 1580 ; and in connexion with the Crichtons we may notice, from the Register of Sig- natures (vol. vi., fol. 104), a " Charter of confirmation and infeftment, dona- tiod difpofitionan n , wit e Sefmghth , &c., grantit 'be James, Bifhop f Dun-o keld, with confent s lovi ,r hi Jame &c.M o t T , s Creichtoun, eldefs t hi fon o t e Majefteis familiar clerk r Rober,M t Creichtou f Eliokno Hienes hi , s Advocat, ane airidth sr faiJamese mailM th d f o l, &c., quhil failzeans ki Robero t d t Creichtoun his broder germane, &c., oif all and haill the landis of Cluny vn- derwritten, Thafayo Manie t th s , i tf Clunyo s , wit e eifhth t croft thairof, medowis, loccaftelhilld han keipind e Caftelan , th fortalic d f go an l f Cluneo y within the faid loch, &c., And alfua of the right and patronage, full and free donatioun of the two chaiplainries or prebendaries of Sand Katharene's Chapell, fituat within the lie of the Loch forfaid, &c. Subfcrivit at Striviling Caftell the 3d of June 1579." Again, on the 7th September 1580, a confirmation " of atak and afledatioun maid be Mr Johne Bartan, Dean of Dun- keld, with consent and assent of James, Bifltop of Dunlceld, and the Chaptour thairof, to his Hienes Advocat, Mr Robert Creychtoun of Eliok, Mr James Creychtoun and Robert Creychtoun, his fons, of the teind-fchawes of all and sun- dri townese eth , landis barond an , f Clunyyo , theie r e datth entri th f eo a efr faid tak, 29th January 1575 [-6]." Bishop Crichton again appear stagee th n s,o having apparently yeae th rn ,1581i , obtaine restoratioda whe e se ne Patoth no t n had been deprived. On the 2d February 1582-3 the patronage of the hospital " befid Watergate,e eth Canongatee th n "i , founde Bishoy db p Brow poor nfo r folk, was granted to Patrick Creychtoun of Lugtoun, the said patronage being Hienes hi 'n 'i s hands, throug forfeituree hth , long tyme paft, of Robert, fomtyme Bimo Dunkeldf greapf o o n t aigema ,e quh,an wal s febillai d nochkd an - an , ap t pearandlie to have lang dayis." Again, on the 7th October 1584, Mr John Bar- tane, Dean of Dunkeld, was confirmed as coadjutor "to Robert, no wBiftiop of Dun- ANTIQUARIE SCOTLANDF SO . 113 keld, (who) is beeumin waik and imbecill of perfone throw his great aige, that he may nawayis gudlie travel exercd l an functio e eth cuid nan r belongin vocas hi go -t tioun." Within four lasmonthBishoe d Februarf th to ol dead s n e o pswa th s a , y 1584-5, license was granted "to the Dean and Chaptour of the Cathedrall Kirk of Dunkell, whilk vaikideftitus paftoui e deceie d an th f san umquhilf e o tso b r l Robert Crechtoune, laft Bilhop thereof, to choofe ane other Bifchope and Paftour." Accordingly 26te th hn Marco , h that year r PeteM , r Rollok, advocate, having been chosen, letters confirming his election, and appointing his consecration, were issued. He continued to hold the see as titular bishop till 1606, when he resigned. The Bishop's signature in the earlier part of his life differs so considerably fro fore mth m whic t i subsequentlh y assumed ,inclines thawa I t believo dt e that ther beeBishopd o namee ha ntw th f so , ascertaineuntid ha lI face f dth o t his restoration. The following cuts from original deeds show his signature in the years 1562, 1566 158d an — ,4:

In 1561, Robert, Bishop of Dunkeld, had granted a charter of Balnavadoch (now Balvadock), par f Clunyr Joho t chartea Si ny o t b , Barnd r datean s; t da VOL. II. PAST I. 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF

Edinburgh and Dunkeld on 2d and 30th October 1584, he, with consent of his chapter, confirmed these lands to John Barns, narrating, that by the ingratitude and disobedience of his tenants he had received no rents for the preceding three years, so that he had scarcely the means of living. From this it would appear that he had been in possession of the see for some time previous to his formal restoration. As there is some reason to doubt the time of Crichton's birth, so it is difficult precise th x fi deaths e o hi datt f o e. Aldus, with whom Crichto familiars nwa , says he was killed on 3d July 1582,1 before he had completed his twenty-second year; while, on the other hand, the Abbate Serassi, in his Life of Mazzoni (quoted Tytler)r byM preserves ha , epicediun da deate th Cardinaf mn ho o l Charles Bor- romeo, which happened in November 1584, written by James Crichton. There is also in the Library of the University of Edinburgh a scarce tract, " Jacobi Critonii Scoti," in which a prefatory address, " Sfortise Brivio, S.P.D.," is dated " Mediolani, Cal. Mart. 1585."2 Amon latese gth t notice f Clunso y whic hI hav e marke deea s di d granted Tytler 1M r statea that Aldus works memore dedicatiohi a th f o n o s,t i e Crichf yo on f no - ton, referdeats hi s hayino ha st g happene Juld 3 yn o d1583 ,d completebeforha e h e s dhi twenty-second year: and he adds that, if this date were correct, Crichton's age must have exceeded twenty-two. The date, as given by Aldus, however, is really 3d July 1582, a date which would harmonize with the other part of Aldus's statement. For this correction I am indebted to Mr Halkett of the Advocates' Library. 2 JACOBI CRITONII SCOTI Ad Nobilissimum Virum Prudentissimumque summas Qusesturse Regise Mediolanen. Administratorem, SFOBTIAM BEIVIVM. He Musarum ac Poetarum inprimis illustrium authoritate, atque prsestantia, solut numerit ae s Poeticis vincta oratione eodeb a , m defensa, Judicium. do eI studendnqu i Poeticee ratione, singulari quadam agitur methodo; cui etiam, in calce, varia, eaq.; haud ille- pida adjuucta sunt, Lectissimis de rebus, carmina. DISTICHON CKITONII AD LECTOREM. Qui legi frugess sha , iterumque iterumq. revolve, Invenies aliquid semper adesse bonum. Mediolani, ex Typographia Paoifici Pontii, habita Moderatorum Facultate. M.D.LXXXV. ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 115

by Sir Robert Crichton during his son's absence in France, dated 27th August 1578 whicn i , grante h s licens Jameo et s Bisho f Dunkelpo y da e fiso t d hon in the week in the loch of Cluny, for the sustenance of the Bishop's house, when he should happen to reside at Dunkeld. The Lord Advocate appears to have died in 1586, as a confirmation of his testamen grantes wa t 24tn do h Januar f thayo t wilyeare dates Th i l . d 18th June 1582 ,Jame n wheso the s refers e sa nItaly h n hi i appoint d o st ,an s y "m Lord Downe, and Archibald Stewart, his broder, to haif the infycht and hand- ling of all my evidentis concerning my fone Mr James, and that Johne Haliday r anWilliaM d m e kef thaKellith o t t f to effeaey haike e keipin ,e th f th f go quhil Douhill.n i s ki " On the supposition that James Crichton was killed shortly after this date, one would expect that some alteration of the provisions to him in his father's will would have been made ; but this does not appear to have occurred. The next deed in the progress is an instrument of resignation of the lands of Cluny into the King's hands f annexationo t , ac afte e th Roberry b , t Crichton, brothef ro the Admirable Crichton, on 23d January 1591. He got a charter under the Grea followine t Seath n o l g day. In regard to Crichton's personal appearance, while it has been flatteringly spoken of by his panegyrists, there is a peculiar mark indicated which must have somewhat detracted rose d fro re s spoManutiu, d viz. ma ,it r re o t a , - sex plains it, by which his right eye was surrounded.1 The unknown writer of the notice of Crichton, printed at Venice in 1580, says he is distinguished by a birth-mark or mole beneath his right eye.2 Ther earln a s eyi engravin Crichtof go e Museuth n ni m Historicu t mPhye - sicum of Imperialis, published at Venice in 1640 ; but it does not appear from what portrait it was taken. Pennant has given an engraving of Crichton from a portrait then belonging to Lord Eliock, and now to his descendant, Mr Veitch of Eliock, copied from an older portrait at Airth. It appears in the Appendix to Pennant's Tour of 1769, along with a Life of Crichton, which, however, is merely a reprint of a tract printed probabld an , y edited Franciy b , s Dougla t Aberdeea s n 1760ni , d whican h agai compiles nwa d froe loosmth e statement f Mackenziso s hi n i e Lif Crichtonf eo coarsA . e engravin f Crichtogo n appear e Edinburgth n i s h Magazine and Review for June 1774, and one of no greater merit is prefixed to " The Admirable Crichton, a Tragedy in five acts, by George Galloway," Edinburgh, 1802, 12mo. 1 Quote Irvingy db hin i , s Live Scottisf so h Writers ,. 270 volp , .i. . * Tytler's Lif f Crichtoneo . 81 . p , H2 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF

Pennan work s tprine notics hi adds th tolhi n ,m f i t dn ea o i ", I that there is a very fine portrait of this celebrated person, the property of Mr Morrison of Bognie, which was sent from Italy by Crichton a short time before he was killed." This portrait originally belonged to the Crichtons of Frendraught, and came into Mr Morison's family by marriage about 150 years ago. Nothing preserves i histors it f do y excep famile th t y traditio nPennantr alludeM y b o dt , that it was sent from Italy to Fren draught about the time of Crichton's death. It must be remarked, however, that the artist has inserted in a corner of this portrait1 a copy of the following verses by John Johnston, in memory of Crich- ton, which first appeared in 1603 in his work, " Heroes ex omni Historia Scotica lectissimi." Johnston here dates Crichton's deat 1581n hi .

JACOBVS Musarum parite Martie ra s alumnus, omnibu studiisn si , ipsis etiam Italis admirabili s; Mantvue a Duci, s Mantuani filix e o nocturnis insidiis occisus est, AO Christi 1851.

Et genus, et censum dat Scotia. Gallia pectus Excolit. Admiraus Itala terra virum Ambit ; et esse suum relief. Gens semula vitam Abstulit sati n dicac A st ho .ili u t a suum? Mantua habet cineres, scelus exsecrata nefandurn. t tumulA i tanto gaudet honore tamen.

Nothing is known, so far as I can learn, of the history of the Airth portrait, but it is believed to be old and of merit. Lord James Stuart, writing of the portrait at Dumfries House, says that nothing is known of its history, and that he does not consider it of much merit. It is a copy of that at Airth. Equally little is known of Mr Mackay's portrait, which is small and on panel, and was bought at a sale by that gentleman's father about thirty or forty years ago t alsI . o resemble Airte sth h portrait. In the first edition of Tytler's Life of Crichton, there is an engraving of a portrait of Crichton, in the possession of Colonel Crichton, residing in Edin- burgh. Throug kindnese hth frienda f so havI , e obtained fro ma descendan t of Colonel Crichton followine th , g notic f thieo s painting portraie : "Th n i t questio boughs late r Forsytth newa D y b t h (knowliterare th n ni y world- be ) tween the years 1792 and 1794 in the city of Milan. When Dr Forsyth rc-

1 This portrait was engraved in Pinkerton's Scottish Gallery of Portraits, and also in the second editio r Tytler'M f no s Lif f Crichtono e .

ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. 117

turned to England he gave the portrait to Sir Alexander (then Dr) Crichton, and whe Alexander nSi r wen Russio t t 180n ai gave 4h portraie es th hi o t t brother, Colonel s Crichtonhi n . i W A t i .r , s CrichtowhosSi ha n w so e nno houst PetersburgS n ealwayi s ha t I s . been though originan a t l likenessd an , there is a Latin inscription painted on it, telling the year in which the likeness was taken, wit characteha originae portraitth e f th copieo ro f lo thiTw f so . s painting werGeorgr Si er madefo e e Mackenzie,on anothed Tytler.r an , M r rfo " lattere belonginTh w Tytler ,no M f Woodhouseleeo gt ro s exhibitei , e th o dt meeting. It resembles the Airth portrait, and has a mark about one of the eyes. The Latin inscriptio originae nth whicn o ls hi doe t appeae copysno th n ,o r doubbuo n te therb t than et ca consistei t f Johnstou'do s lines, which occun ro most of the portraits. The portrait belonging to George Dundas, Esq., advocate, now exhibited, was bough Ital n likenesti a s ya Crichtof so Captaiy nb n Stirlin f Glentyago n about twenty years ago t differI . s entirely fro e othemth r portraits prod an , - babl likenesa s yi somf so e other person. I have only hear othef dportraito o rtw Crichtof so n suppose originalse b do t . One of these is in the gallery of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn. The portrait, as I am informed by Mr Martin, his Grace's librarian, " is three quarters, representing a youth probably about sixteen years old, his head turned to the shoulder holdind an , gwreata f laureho n boti l h hands t differI . s toto ccelo froengravine mth g firste giveth n ni r Tytler'editio M f o ne s th Life d an , second edition of Pennant, which are the only editions in the library." This portrai recentls wa t y purchase r HenrSi y db y Bulwe Spainn i r , s wherwa t ei calle portraida f Crichtono t t nothinbu , g beyond thi s knowi s s n A abou . it t its authenticity was so little supported, the Duke of Bedford did not think it worth beinf yo g sent exhibitee herb o et d wit otherse hth . The other is a portrait at Lennoxlove belonging to Lord Blantyre, which, upon examination, proves to be a good copy, after the type of that at Airth. It is said by some of Crichton's biographers that many likenesses of him appeared in Italy at the time of his death, and that he was represented with a sword in one hand and a book in the other; and it seems far from improbable that both the Airth portrait and that of Mr Morison were taken from contem- porary likenesses indeef i , paintet lattee no d th e rb d fro originale mth . e SocietTh s greatlyi y oblige e ownerth d custodiero dt an s e variouth f so s portraits for now exhibiting them to the members, and it is to be hoped that this exhibitio teny dnma toward widesa r collectio f Scottisno h historical portraits suggestes , sucwa Lainr r Carlyl s M M ha d y gdb e an durin g last session. e variouOth f s Portrait f Crichtono s , after careful examination e besth , t 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OP

judges having pronounce favoun di f thao r t Frendraughta t photograpa , f ho s takenwa t i , from which, with permissio r MorisoM f o nf Bognie no e acth -, companying mezzotint portrait has been engraved.