Сountry-Specific Factors Influencing Low-Cost Carrier Market in Russia

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Сountry-Specific Factors Influencing Low-Cost Carrier Market in Russia St. Petersburg University Graduate School of Management Master in International Business Program Сountry-specific factors influencing low-cost carrier market in Russia Master’s Thesis by the 2nd year student Concentration — International business Diakov Vasilii Research advisor: Associate professor, Maria M. Smirnova St. Petersburg 2016 STATEMENT ABOUT THE INDEPENDENT CHARACTER OF THE MASTER THESIS I, Diakov Vasilii, second year master student, Master in Corporate Finance program «Management», state that my master thesis on the topic «Country-specific factors influencing low- cost carrier market in Russia», which is presented to the Master Office to be submitted to the Official Defense Committee for the public defense, does not contain any elements of plagiarism. All direct borrowings from printed and electronic sources, as well as from master theses, PhD and doctorate theses which were defended earlier, have appropriate references. I am aware that according to paragraph 9.7.1. of Guidelines for instruction in major curriculum programs of higher and secondary professional education at St.Petersburg University «A master thesis must be completed by each of the degree candidates individually under the supervision of his or her advisor», and according to paragraph 51 of Charter of the Federal State Institution of Higher Professional Education Saint-Petersburg State University «a student can be expelled from St.Petersburg University for submitting of the course or graduation qualification work developed by other person (persons)». ________________________________________________ (Student’s signature) __________________________26/05/16_______________ (Date) 1 ЗАЯВЛЕНИЕ О САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОМ ХАРАКТЕРЕ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ВЫПУСКНОЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ Я, Дьяков Василий, студент второго курса магистратуры направления «Менеджмент», заявляю, что в моей магистерской диссертации на тему «Специфические для страны факторы, влияющие на рынок бюджетных авиалиний в России», представленной в службу обеспечения программ магистратуры для последующей передачи в государственную аттестационную комиссию для публичной защиты, не содержится элементов плагиата. Все прямые заимствования из печатных и электронных источников, а также из защищенных ранее выпускных квалификационных работ, кандидатских и докторских диссертаций имеют соответствующие ссылки. Мне известно содержание п. 9.7.1 Правил обучения по основным образовательным программам высшего и среднего профессионального образования в СПбГУ о том, что «ВКР выполняется индивидуально каждым студентом под руководством назначенного ему научного руководителя», и п. 51 Устава федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» о том, что «студент подлежит отчислению из Санкт-Петербургского университета за представление курсовой или выпускной квалификационной работы, выполненной другим лицом (лицами)». _______________________________________________ (Подпись студента) _________________________26/05/16_______________ (Дата) 2 Abstract Master Student’s Name Vasilii Diakov Master Thesis Title Сountry-specific factors influencing low-cost carrier market in Russia Faculty Graduate School of Management, Saint- Petersburg University Main field of study International Business Year 2016 Academic Advisor’s Name Maria M. Smirnova Description of the goal The main goal of this thesis is to identify the country-specific factors influencing low-cost carrier market in Russia in order to develop managerial implication for new entrants of the market. In order to do so, this thesis investigated previous works concerning classical low-cost carrier model and checked revealed possible factors through analysis of activity of participants of the Russian market. Data was collected through several interviews with experts of the industry and secondary research. Single case study analysis suited well for the given research and helped to answer stated research questions. The results of the research can be useful in managerial implication for new entrants. Key words Low-cost airlines, Country-specific factors, Russia, Industry development, Business improvement, Low-fare, Airports 3 Аннотация Автор Дьяков Василий Название магистерской диссертации Специфические для страны факторы, влиящие на рфнок бюджетных авиалиний в России Факультет Высшая школа менеджмента, Санкт- Петербургский государственный университет Направление подготовки Международный Бизнес Год 2016 Научный руководитель Смирнова Мария Михайловна Описание цели, задач и основных Основная цель настоящей дипломной результатов работы – определение специфических для страны факторов, влияющих на рынок бюджетных авиалиний в России, необходимых для подготовки практических рекомендаций для компаний, желающий выйти на данный рынок. Для этого данная работа обращается к существующим работам, посвященным классической бизнес-модели бюджетных авиалиний и проверяет выявленные потенциальные факторы через анализ деятельности участников данного рынка. Данные для работы были собраны в ходе нескольких интервью с экспертами индустрии и вторичных исследований. Анализ единого кейса хорошо подходит для данного исследования и помогает ответить на все поставленные в работе вопросы исследования. Результаты исследования могут быть полезными для практического применения компаниям, желающим выйти на данный рынок. Ключевые слова Бюджетные авиалинии, Специфические для страны факторы, Россия, Развитие индустрии, Развитие бизнеса, Низкие тарифы, Аэропорты 4 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1. Literature review ............................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Low-cost concept ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Low-cost carrier concept ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Principles of LCC. Internal factors. ..................................................................................... 13 1.4 External factors .................................................................................................................... 18 1.5 Implications from the literature review ............................................................................... 26 Chapter 2. Methods ....................................................................................................................... 28 2.1 The strategy, methods and instruments ................................................................................ 28 2.2 Case study research .............................................................................................................. 29 2.3 Research design ................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 3. Empirical research ....................................................................................................... 36 3.1 World Market overview ....................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Russian market overview ..................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Internal factors ..................................................................................................................... 50 3.4 Expert interviews ................................................................................................................. 61 3.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 65 3.6 Managerial implication ........................................................................................................ 69 3.7 Suggestions for further research .......................................................................................... 69 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 71 Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................... 72 Appendix 2 .................................................................................................................................... 73 Literature ....................................................................................................................................... 74 5 Introduction Russian airline industry is going through hard times and it is not temporary phenomenon. In comparison with developed countries, it looks quite weak and immature. It can be reflected in high prices, weak infrastructure, small amount of flights and destinations, and many other issues. For comparison, in US there were 10 times more passengers carried last year. Only one low-cost carrier Ryanair carried almost the same amount of passengers as the whole industry in Russia. There are many reasons for that, starting with weak competition and monopolistic essence of the industry and ending with immature infrastructure. Until the last year, there was an absence of low-carriers in Russian market, while in mature stable markets low-cost carriers occupy large share of the market of air transportation. Despite low-cost
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