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Sustainable Development in the Water Sector to Ensure Portable

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Sustainable Development in the Water Sector to Ensure Portable 23/12/2016 Sri Lanka National Committee of ICID: Water Management, Challenges And Solutions Eng Janaki Meegastenna Secretary SLNICID Director of Irrigation / Deputy Project Director (CRIP) Irrigation Department 08th November 2016 67th ICID EC meeting 6th - 12th November 2016, Chiang Mai, Thailand National Committee of ICID Sri Lanka Members from • Irrigation Department • Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources Development • Ministry of Environment & Mahaweli • Mahaweli Authority Sri Lanka • Department of Agriculture • Department of Agrarian Development • IWMI • Sri Lanka Water Partnership • University of Peradeniya • Young Professionals • WG: Climate / Environment/ Water Management / Coastal 1 23/12/2016 Seasonality of Rainfall Dry Zone: prominent dry season Intermediate Zone: less Pronounced dry season Wet Zone: rainfall spread throughout the year First Inter-monsoon → March-April Southwest Monsoon → May - September Second Inter-monsoon→ October-November Northeast Monsoon → December-February Water Resources in Sri Lanka – Reservoirs • Areal and temporal distribution has made it necessary to have reservoirs and the country’s topography has made it possible to build reservoirs. • Tradition continues and the large number of reservoirs from small & medium to large play a vital role in water resource management providing multiple services of irrigation, hydropower, flood control, domestic water, industrial water inland fisheries, wild life, environment & tourism. 2 23/12/2016 Reservoir storages • Major Reservoirs - 90 • Medium Reservoirs -170 • Total Capacity - 6915 MCM • Total Major & Medium Schemes - 360 • Main Canal Length – 2,815 km • Canal Network – 10,552 km • Tunnels – 21 km • Minor Tanks & Anicuts – 15,373 (Operating - 7620 & Abundant -7753) •Total Irrigable area - 625,000 ha Food Security - Challenge • Main food – Rice • But also need Legumes, Vegetables, fruits • Main nutrition for rural pollution Inland Fisheries Challenges for food security • Increasing population • Limitations for water resources Developments • Limited lands • Impact of Climate Change Access to Clean Drinking Water 3 23/12/2016 FoodRice Requirement Security - byChallenge the year 2035 • Population -25mil (220,000/year) • Requirement- 3.57 mil. Mt (107kg -Rice, 8.8 kg Rice based food) • (Present requirement - 2.27 million Mt /year+0.7 ) To Increase Yield . High varieties . More attention & technology . Water requirement - required quantity, 4.3 mt/Ha required place, correct time 5.1mt /Ha . Inputs - organic & chemical fertilizer . Favorable environment – r/f, temperature, sun shine hrs 67th ICID EC meeting Source: DOA 6th - 12th November 2016, Chiang Mai, Thailand OFC-Imported • Maize Crop National National • Finger Millet Requirement Production • Green Gram (MT) 2018 (MT) 2013 • Soya bean Maize 480,000 208,275 Finger Millet • Black gram 9,566 6,946 Green Gram 26,081 14,130 • Cowpea Soya Bean 279,845 13,316 • Gingerly Black Gram 12,000 9,172 • Ground nut Coewpea 15,000 15,415 Thala 17,322 22,043 Peanut 29,000 27,407 4 23/12/2016 Consumption Quantity per day Vegetable Current – 100 g per person Required - 200 g per person Need to grow Fruits more fruits and Current – 100 g per person vegetables Required - 200 g per person Agricultural Seasons Country’s cropping calendar is deciding on monsoonal periods since ancient times • Maha season (October- February) – 100% Paddy • Yala season (March - August) - Paddy + OFC • 3rd Season (August – September) – Green Gram Seasonal Planning – Very Important 5 23/12/2016 Challenges faced…… Impact of Climate Change •Floods Rainfall generated – Intensity & duration • Overland – pooling due poor drainage • Riverine – river goes over the banks • Reservoir induced floods – Water level goes above FSL, Canals / rivers over toping Impact of flood for Agriculture • Crops and cropping system damages • Sediment deposition in the crop fields • Fertilizer degradation • Damages to seed paddy production 6 23/12/2016 Challenges faced…… Impact of Climate Change •Drought Rare and extreme events • Economic droughts • Agricultural droughts • Hydrological droughts Impact of Drought for Agriculture 7 23/12/2016 Projection 1 Projection 2 Projection 3 Climate Change Scenarios - + - - + - - + Dry + + Dry + Dry Zone Zone- Zone- + + + - - + + - + - + - - Intermediat Intermediat Intermediat + + + e Zone Wet e Zone Wet e Zone Wet - Zone+ + Zone+ - Zone - South West Monsoon - + South West Monsoon + - + - South West Monsoon ++ + + + Basnayake et al. De Silva 2006 Punyawardane et 2004 al. 2010 Spatial Pattern of Rainfall Projections for 2050s Percentage of Rainfall Anomaly - RCP 4.5 Scenario - 50 Dry Zone 40 South West Monsoon 30 20 Annual 10 First Inter Monsoon 0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 -10 Percentage of Rainfall Rainfall Anomaly of Percentage -20 North East Monsoon -30 Years Strategies for Water Savings Short Term Solutions Land Preparation starts with • On Set rainfall • Dry Land preparation Select Extent & Crops • Minimize water losses and seepage Use short duration varieties 3 & 3 ½ months Other field Crops 8 23/12/2016 Strategies for water savings Short Term / Long Term Solutions • On farm water management • Drainage flow measurement • Land consolidation • Adoption of improved practices and technologies all round in rice culture Eg. Parachute method • Improved and Mechanised Maintenance • System modernization with appropriate modification to suit local conditions and starting step wise • Increase Storages, Intra / Trans Basin Diversions Strategies for water savings Short/ Long Term Solutions • Increase the water use efficiency in existing irrigation scheme through proper water management • Increase Land Productivity • Prevention of saline water intrusion • Introduce Water Safety Management plan • Introduce Protection& conservation measures at catchment/watershed • Establish surface water & ground water monitoring network in island wide for long term monitoring water level & water quality • Community awareness program 9 23/12/2016 Long Term Solution from Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP) OBJECTIVE Improve the understanding of climate risk and develop long-term investment plans to mitigate floods and droughts while enhancing the country's’ knowledge base and capacity to reduce the vulnerability of exposed community and properties to climate risks Selected 10 River Basins under DBIP - CRIP 1. Mahaweli Ganga (16%) 2. Malwathu Oya (5%) Malwathu Oya Basin 3. Maha Oya (2%) 4. Deduru Oya (4%) Kala Oya Basin 5. Kelani Ganga (4%) Deduru Oya Basin 6. Attanagalu Oya (1%) Mahaweli Ganga Basin 7. Kala Oya (4%) Maha Oya Basin Gal Oya Basin 8. Gin Ganga (1%) Attanagalu Oya Basin 9. Nilwala Ganga (2%) Kelani Ganga Basin 10.Gal Oya (3%) Nilwala Ganga Basin Gin Ganga Basin 42% of the total area of the Country 10 23/12/2016 Key Project Activities of Development of Basin Investment Plans (DBIP) To improve the understanding of the climate risk, especially for floods and drought, in critical river basins. Engineers and Experts will be supported in the understanding of modeling and assessment of the underlying causes of flood and drought including rainfall variability and land use changes. Based on comprehensive understanding of climate risks, investments will be identified, including associated feasibility analysis. Long term institutional arrangement for climate resilience planning Thank You 11.
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