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Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick -
A New Species and Hybrid in the St Helen a Endemic Genus Trochetiopsis
EDINB. 1. BOT. 52 (2): 205-213 (1995) 205 A NEW SPECIES AND HYBRID IN THE ST HELEN A ENDEMIC GENUS TROCHETIOPSIS Q. C. B. CRONK * The discovery in historic herbaria of an overlooked extinct endemic from the island of St Helena is reported. The first descriptions of St Helena Ebony, Trochetiopsis melanoxylon (Sterculiaceae), and the specimens associated with them in the herbaria of Oxford University (OXF) and the Natural History Museum, London (BM), do not match living and later-collected material, and instead represent an extinct plant. A new name is therefore needed for living St Helena Ebony: Trochetiopsis ebenus Cronk sp. nov. The hybrid between this species and the related T erythroxylon is also described here: Trochetiopsis x benjamini Cronk hybr. nov. (Sterculiaceae), and chromosome counts of 2n =40 are reported for the hybrid and both parents for the first time. The re-assessment of the extinct ebony emphasizes the importance of historic herbarium collections for the study of species extinction. INTRODUCTION In 1601 and 1610, at the beginning and end of his voyage to the East Indies, Franvois Pyrard de Laval touched at St Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic Ocean. He wrote: 'Sur Ie haut de la montagne il y a force arbre d'Ebene, et de bois de Rose' (Pyrard, 1679; Gray, 1890) - the first mention in print of species of Trochetiopsis (i.e. St Helena Redwood and St Helena Ebony). The island was settled in 1659, and the settlers of the English East India Company immediately put these ecologically important species to use. -
LEMP Biological Monitoring 2020-B Survey Report
Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 2 2 Notes to the 2020-B survey .................................................................................... 3 2.1 Plot location ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Counts of native species .................................................................................... 4 3 Results and discussions............................................................................................. 5 3.1 List of vascular plant species .............................................................................. 5 3.2 Number of plants ............................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Survival Rate................................................................................................ 9 3.2.2 Natural regeneration................................................................................... 13 3.3 Plot coverage...................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Ground cover .............................................................................................. 16 3.3.2 Vegetation cover ......................................................................................... 24 4 -
The Carbon Sequestration Potential of Commidendrum Robustum Roxb
The carbon sequestration potential of Commidendrum robustum Roxb. (DC.) within the Millennium Forest restoration site, St Helena Island. Shayla J M Ellick MSc by Research University of York Environment June 2015 Abstract The drastic increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) (particularly carbon dioxide CO2) into the atmosphere is causing climate change around the world. Tropical forests are considered to be significant sinks of carbon, but are subject to widespread degradation and deforestation. Restoring and conserving tropical forests as a form of climate change mitigation, through the creation of off-setting schemes, can increase rates of carbon sequestration. Islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change, though they contribute relatively little to the world’s GHG emissions. St Helena Island, a UK Territory with a high rate of endemism in the South Atlantic Ocean, produces an estimated 11,000 tonnes of CO2 annually. St Helena’s native forests were decimated following the island’s discovery in 1502 and only fragments remain. A restoration project, ‘the Millennium Forest’, restoring endemic Commidendrum robustum Roxb. (DC.) woodland to the degraded Crown Wastes area is managed by the St Helena National Trust (SHNT). SHNT hope to use the site as the basis for a carbon off-setting scheme to mitigate CO2 emissions from the island’s new airport (expected to open in early 2016). This study found that C. robustum biomass and its associated carbon pools increased carbon stocks within the Crown Wastes area by approximately 52.5 ± 12.20 tonnes over 15 years. pH was found to be highly correlated with the carbon estimates. -
Environmental Statement Volume 4 –A10.3 Past and Present Vegetation Communities Table of Contents
St Helena Airport Environmental Statement – Volume 4: Appendix 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT VOLUME 4 –A10.3 PAST AND PRESENT VEGETATION COMMUNITIES TABLE OF CONTENTS A10.3 PAST AND PRESENT VEGETATION COMMUNITIES 10.3-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.3-1 10.2 PAST VEGETATION 10.3-1 10.3 PRESENT VEGETATION 10.3-2 Table of Contents St Helena Airport Environmental Statement – Volume 4: Appendix 10.3 A10.3 PAST AND PRESENT VEGETATION COMMUNITIES 10.1 Introduction A current assessment of the vegetation is necessary in order to fully assess the potential impact of the scheme on the vegetation and its associated fauna. However, this assessment cannot be done in isolation without an understanding of previously described vegetation structure, past and present. This is needed in order to understand the changes that are taking place (dynamic process of re-vegetation) and have taken place historically (what species are still present and what has been lost) and help to develop mitigation strategies in favour of the indigenous species. The vegetation of St Helena is almost entirely anthropogenic. It bares little correspondence with the past and as such for most people it is easier to accept that the current vegetation is natural (and most appropriate for the landscape) than it is to imagine what the Island once looked like prior to human activity. “The past vegetation has been replaced by browsing, grazing, erosion, cutting for timber and fuel, the introduction of non- native plants and clearance for cultivation, plantation forestry and pasture” (Cronk, 1984). With the result that St Helena has one of the rarest floras in the world (of 59 species), lost 9 out of 10 of its endemic birds and likely many invertebrates. -
BEST Ecosystem Profile of the South Atlantic Region
EUROPEAN OVERSEAS REGIONAL ECOSYSTEM PROFILE South Atlantic Ascension Island Saint Helena Tristan da Cunha Falkland Islands (Malvinas) This document has been developed as part of the project ‘Measures towards Sustaining the BEST Preparatory Action to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystem services in EU Outermost EU Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories’. The document does not represent an official, formal position of the European Commission. JUNE2016 2016 Service contract 07.0307.2013/666363/SER/B2 Prepared by: South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI) And with the technical support of: IUCN CEPF Drafted by the BEST team of the South Atlantic hub: Maria Taylor Under the coordination of: Dr Paul Brickle and Tara Pelembe Assisted by individual experts and contributors from the following institutions: Ascension Island: Ascension Island Government Conservation Department Dr Sam Weber Dr Judith Brown Dr Andy Richardson Dr Nicola Weber Emma Nolan Kate Downes University of Exeter Dr Annette Broderick Dr Brendon Godley St Helena: St Helena Government Isabel Peters Samantha Cherrett Annalea Beard Elizabeth Clingham Derek Henry Mike Jervois Lourens Malan Dr Jill Keys Ross Towers Paul Cherrett St Helena National Trust Jeremy Harris Rebecca Cairn-Wicks David Pryce Dennis Leo Acting Governor Sean Burns Independent Dr Andre Aptroot Dr Phil Lambdon Ben Sansom Tristan da Cunha: Tristan da Cunha Government Trevor Glass James Glass Katrine Herian Falkland Islands: Falkland Island Government -
BRITISH WILDLIFE Volume 29 Number 2 December 2017
BRITISH WILDLIFE Volume 29 Number 2 December 2017 The Asian Yellow-legged Hornet · The Wash St Helena: Island of Endemics · Larger Water Beetles of Britain and Ireland What Does ‘Traditional’ Management Really Mean? BRITISH WILDLIFE THE MAGAZINE FOR THE MODERN NATURALIST Magazine office: British Wildlife, 1–6 The Stables, Ford Road, Totnes, TQ9 5LE, UK Telephone 01803 467166 e-mail [email protected] website www.britishwildlife.com Publisher Bernard Mercer, [email protected] Editorial Assistant Guy Freeman, [email protected] Business Manager Anneli Meeder, [email protected] Advertising [email protected] Subscriptions Department [email protected] The paper used for this magazine has been independently certified as coming from © British Wildlife, part of NHBS Ltd, 2017 well‑managed forests and other controlled ISSN 0958-0956 sources according to the rules of the Forest Stewardship Council. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission of British Wildlife or the copyright-owner. Printed by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd, Plymouth, UK British Wildlife is an independent bi-monthly magazine covering all aspects of British natural history and conservation. Articles and letters on these subjects are welcome provided that the material is not being wholly offered to, or has appeared in, other media, magazines and journals. Good- quality photographs and artworks are also welcome. Authors are advised to submit a brief synopsis and sample text before submitting a completed article. Potential authors should consult this issue regarding style and presentation, or request a copy of the magazine’s author guidelines. -
30Th Anniversary of the Rere----Discoverydiscovery of the St Helena
30 th Anniversary of the Re-discovery of the St Helena Ebony 30th Anniversary of the ReRe----discoverydiscovery of the St Helena Contents origins 3 evolution 6 the Ebony family tree 7 the Ebony Tree in history 14 the demise of the Dwarf Ebony 17 rediscovery 18 a new era begins 21 maintaining momentum 24 points to remember 25 a super endemic? 26 future prospects 28 what can you do? 28 references 29 inspired 30 acknowledgements 39 Text researched and written by Dr Phil Lambdon & Dr Rebecca Cairns-Wicks MBE, edited by Lucinda Caesar. Booklet Complied by Lucinda Caesar. Printed by Museum of St Helena 2010 Copyright © Museum of St Helena All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the copyright owner. 2 30th Anniversary of the ReRe----discoverydiscovery of the St Helena origins St Helena’s Ebonies are not related to the well-known African timber trees, but evolved from plants similar to Mallows and Hibiscuses. The nearest relatives are a group or “genus” of shrubs called Dombeya , common in Madagascar but also found in southern Tropical Africa, and a further genus called Trochetia which occurs in Mauritius. It is probable that Dombeya -like plants (see Figure 1), were once much more widespread across Africa, but many of their descendents now flourish only on remote outposts in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans (Figure 2). Figure 1: Dombeya acutagula , a distant relative of St Helena Ebony. -
Endemic Plants of St. Helena: Potential for Rescue, Inherent Variation Within Species, and the Future of Babies’ Toes and the Lowland Desert Habitat
Endemic Plants of St. Helena: Potential for Rescue, Inherent Variation within Species, and the Future of Babies’ Toes and the Lowland Desert Habitat https://sthelenaisland.info/flora/scrubwood/ Melissa Starkey August 2020 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the MSc in the Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants. Acknowledgements Special thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Alan Gray, for his guidance, support, expertise, and good discussions. His enthusiasm about St. Helena was contagious from the start. Thanks also to my co-supervisor, Dr. Greg Kenicer for helpful comments and feedback on my project. I am indebted to Gerrie, Scott, and Kay, for their unwavering support both at home and from afar. i Abstract St. Helena is a remote volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean with a diverse topology and a rich endemic flora. Due to anthropogenic factors, many plant species have been reduced to small, severely fragmented populations, resulting in genetic erosion and a more limited ability to adapt to environmental pressures. This thesis addresses conservation of St. Helena’s endemic flora relating to themes of genetic variation and climate change. Chapter one introduces the island and its flora. Chapter two reviews the literature on genetic rescue in plants and shows that it can be beneficial for small, fragmented populations, though additional research is needed. Chapter three conceptually applies the genetic rescue approach to St. Helena’s critically endangered endemic plants, many of which are promising candidates for the strategy and are predicted to be heading rapidly towards extinction. Chapter four assesses historical levels of variation through morphometric analysis using herbarium specimens of three endemic St. -
Living Collections Strategy 2019 Scoliopus Bigelovii Living Collections Strategy 1
Living Collections Strategy 2019 Scoliopus bigelovii Living Collections Strategy 1 Foreword The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew has an extraordinary wealth of living plant collections across our two sites, Kew Gardens and Wakehurst. One of our key objectives as an organisation is that our collections should be curated to excellent standards and widely used for the benefit of humankind. In support of this fundamental objective, through development of this Living Collections Strategy, we are providing a blueprint for stronger alignment and integration of Kew’s horticulture, science and conservation into the future. The Living Collections have their origins in the eighteenth century but have been continually developing and growing since that time. Significant expansion occurred during the mid to late 1800s (with the extension of British influence globally and the increase in reliable transport by sea) and continued into the 1900s. In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on the acquisition of plants of high conservation value, where the skills and knowledge of Kew’s staff have been critically important in unlocking the secrets vital for the plants’ survival. Held within the collections are plants of high conservation value (some extinct in the wild), representatives of floras from different habitats across the world, extensive taxonomically themed collections of families or genera, plants that are useful to humankind, and plants that contribute to the distinctive landscape characteristics of our two sites. In this strategy, we have sought to bring together not only the information about each individual collection, but also the context and detail of the diverse growing environments, development of each collection, significant species, and areas of policy and protocol such as the application of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on Biological Diversity and biosecurity procedures. -
Congress Conclusions ______CONGRESS CONCLUSIONS
Congress conclusions _____________________________________________________________________________________ CONGRESS CONCLUSIONS The scientific programme addressed 8 themes and consisted of 13 plenary addresses 27 parallel sessions, of which 12 were organised symposia on special topics 136 talks 3 panel discussions Feedback from each session was provided, and these were divided into three main themes: Strategies and targets Conservation action Engaging with society Strategies and targets The Congress has provided an opportunity to gauge the success of the International Agenda and the GSPC in providing a framework for action by botanic gardens.The GSPC has provided a clear framework – all targets are being addressed. No matter how many targets botanic gardens are working on, they are making valuable contributions to the GSPC. 2010 has provided a clear goal and accelerated progress. For example, Target 1 has been particularly successful. However, the long-term sustainability of deliverables must also be considered. The enhanced dissemination and impact of the GSPC outcomes will depend on a closer collaboration between science, conservation and education practitioners within the botanic garden. As well as the GSPC, botanic gardens need to engage with other key global policies and strategies – such as the UNFCCC, Millennium Development Goals, World Heritage Convention and the Access and Benefit Sharing provisions of the CBD. We need to develop wider partnerships beyond the BG community. Botanic gardens need to continue sharing information and resources and develop informal and formal partnerships, promoting their successes and the benefits of working together. Proceedings of the 4th Global Botanic Gardens Congress Page 1 Congress conclusions _____________________________________________________________________________________ Working for change means and requires long-term sustainable projects and dedication over many years. -
Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
CGRFA-14/13/Inf.14 March 2013 E Organización Food and Organisation des Продовольственная и de las Agriculture Nations Unies cельскохозяйственная Naciones Unidas Organization pour организация para la of the l'alimentation Объединенных Alimentación y la et l'agriculture United Nations Наций Agricultura COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Item 3.1 of the Provisional Agenda Fourteenth Regular Session Rome, 15 -19 April 2013 DRAFT REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES This document is printed in limited numbers to minimize the environmental impact of FAO's processes and contribute to climate neutrality. Delegates and observers are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and to avoid asking for additional copies. Most FAO meeting documents are available on the Internet at www.fao.org 2 CGRFA-14/13/Inf.14 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgements Preface The reporting and preparatory process Highlights of the report Chapter 1. OVERVIEW OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 19 1.1. ATTRIBUTES OF FGR 20 1.1.1. Definitions of FGR, FGR conservation and related terms 20 1.1.2. Characteristics of FGR 23 1.1.3. Types and complementarities of FGR conservation 26 1.1.4. Forest Cover 29 1.1.5. Management systems in the field (including in situ and circa situm conservation of FGR) 30 1.1.6. Role of ex situ conservation 34 1.2. VALUES AND IMPORTANCE OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 38 1.2.1. Economic Values 38 1.2.2. Environmental values, ecosystem services and resilience 41 1.2.3. Social, cultural, medicinal and scientific values 43 1.2.4.