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2010 GSA Annual Meeting & Exposition, p. 13 VOL. 20, No. 6 A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA JUNE 2010 Impacts of environmental change and human activity on microbial ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, NW China Inside: ▲ Letter, p. 10 ▲ Dialogue, p. 11 ▲ Call for GSA Committee Service, p. 44 ▲ Groundwork: Innovations in the built environment for earth science, p. 52 VOLUME 20, NUMBER 6 ▲ JUNE 2010 SCIENCE ARTICLE 4 Impacts of environmental GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than 22,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA TODAY change and human activity on (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published 11 times per microbial ecosystems on the year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by The Geological Society of America®, Inc., with offices at 3300 Tibetan Plateau, NW China Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box Hailiang Dong, Hongchen Jiang, 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. Periodicals postage paid Bingsong Yu, Xingqi Liu, and at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, GSA Chuanlun Zhang Sales and Service, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, Cover: Qinghai Lake and surrounding mountains. USA. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saline lake in China, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political with an altitude of ~3196 m above sea level. The average water depth is 19.2 m, and viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect salinity is 12.5 g/L. Photo by Nicole Berzins. See “Impacts of environmental change and official positions of the Society. human activity on microbial ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, NW China,” by Dong et al., p. 4–10. Copyright © 2010, The Geological Society of America (GSA). All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of their 10 Letter employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted 11 Dialogue: Uncertain Future for GSA Gold Medals—Penrose, Day, permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a and Donath single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in other subsequent works and to make unlimited photocopies of items in this journal for noncommercial use in classrooms to 2010 Annual Meeting & Exposition, Denver, Colorado, USA further education and science. For any other use, contact Permissions, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; 13 A Message from Incoming GSA President Joaquin Ruiz fax +1-303-357-1073, [email protected]. 13 Events & Deadlines SUBSCRIPTIONS: GSA members: Contact GSA Sales and 14 Pardee Symposia Service at +1-888-443-4472, +1-303-357-1000, option 3, or 16 Second Annual Photo Exhibition [email protected] for information. Nonmembers 17 Special Events & Institutions: Free with paid subscription to GSA Bulletin, Geology, Lithosphere, and Geosphere (all four); otherwise 18 Guest Program US$70. Contact AIP Customer Service, [email protected]. Claims: 19 Childcare For nonreceipt or for damaged copies, GSA members should 20 Field Trips contact GSA Sales and Service; all others contact AIP Customer Service, [email protected]. Claims are honored for one 24 Short Courses year; please allow sufficient delivery time for overseas copies, 26 GSA Associated Societies up to six months. 27 Women in Geology Mentor Program 28 Graduate School Information Forum GSA TODAY STAFF: Executive Director and Publisher: John W. Hess 28 Space Requests Science Editors: Stephen T. Johnston, University of Victoria, 28 GSA Employment Service Center School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Victoria, British 29 Exhibitors by Category Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada, [email protected]; and David E. Fastovsky, University of Rhode Island, 31 Registration & Travel Funds Department of Geosciences, Woodward Hall, Rm. 317, 32 Especially for Students Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA, [email protected]. 34 Travel & Transportation Managing Editor: Kristen E. Asmus, [email protected]; [email protected] 36 Call for Papers Graphics Production: Margo Y. Sajban 39 2010 Joint Technical Program Committee (JTPC) and Discipline Categories ADVERTISING: 40 Hotels Classifieds & Display: Ann Crawford, +1-800-472-1988, ext. 1053, +1-303-357-1053, Fax +1-303-357-1070; 41 Denver Hotel & Street Map [email protected] 42 Housing Information GSA ONLINE: www.geosociety.org 44 Call for GSA Committee Service Printed in the USA using pure soy inks. 46 Penrose Conference Annoucement 48 GSA Foundation Update 50 Classified Advertising 52 Groundwork: Innovations in the built environment for earth science 54 Coming to GSA Today in July 2010 54 Publication Highlights Corrections & Clarifications The Penrose Conference Report in the March GSA Today (v. 20, no. 3, p. 12–13) did not include the name and affiliation of one of the co-conveners, Sergey Drachev of ExxonMobil Russia, Inc., 31 Novinsky Boulevard, 5th floor, 123242 Moscow, Russia. GSA Today regrets this oversight. Impacts of environmental change and human activity on microbial ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, NW China Hailiang Dong, Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environ- is thought to be inappropriate for reconstruction of paleoenvi- mental Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of ronmental conditions because microorganisms continue to be Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Geomicrobiology Lab- active after deposition, and their measured abundance and di- oratory, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and versity today may not reflect community structure and func- Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, tions in the past. However, several studies have shown that 100083, China; and Dept. of Geology, Miami University, certain groups of microorganisms preserved in lake sediments, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA, [email protected]; Hongchen such as phototrophs and aerobes, may be useful in reconstruct- Jiang, Bingsong Yu, Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key ing recent environmental changes (Coolen et al., 2004a, 2004b, Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, 2006, 2008). These studies are limited to a few geographic loca- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; tions, and the impacts of climate changes on microbial ecosys- Xingqi Liu, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environ- tems are still poorly understood. ment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing, The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the microbial 210008, China; and Chuanlun Zhang, Dept. of Marine Sci- record preserved in lake sediments and ice cores on the ences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA Tibetan Plateau can be a reliable indicator of past environmen- tal change and human activity. We review and compile current literature on microbial response to environmental changes ABSTRACT (elevation, water chemistry, mountain topography, UV radiation, Microorganisms play important roles in maintaining ecosys- salinity, and temperature/precipitation) and human activities tem functions. It is poorly known, however, how microbial (agriculture and eutrophication) recorded in lake sediments of ecosystems respond to environmental changes and human the Tibetan Plateau. Data from ice core records are included to activities. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that understand the response of microbes to dust storms and the microbial record in lake sediments and ice cores contains changes in temperature. We focus on the Tibetan Plateau be- a wealth of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic informa- cause this region underwent dramatic environmental changes tion. Saline lakes on the Tibetan Plateau exhibit multiple en- in recent geological history. The microbial response to these vironmental gradients and have accumulated thick sequences dramatic changes may be of global significance because under- of sediments through time. Microbial abundance and species standing the microbial response to past environmental change diversity vary considerably along environmental gradients is a key to predicting the impacts of future climate change on across the plateau. Studies of lake sediments reveal that wet the biosphere. and warm climates are correlated with high bacterial abun- dance and diversity, whereas cold and dry climates result in CLIMATE EVOLUTION OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU low abundance and diversity. Recent human activities have The Tibetan Plateau is the largest (2 × 106 km2) and highest enhanced sulfate reduction in lake sediments. Ice cores from plateau (average ~4500 meters above sea level [masl]) on Earth. the plateau reveal that bacterial abundance and diversity are This high elevation results from the Tertiary collision between positively correlated with dust particle concentration and the Eurasian continent and the India subcontinent. The plateau temperature. is bounded by deserts of the Tarim and Qaidam Basins to the north, the Himalayan, Karakoram, and Pamir mountain chains INTRODUCTION to its south and west, and the Tanggula Mountains on the east. Recent research on biological responses to global climate The Tibetan Plateau lies at a critical and sensitive junction of change has focused on animals and plants and their interac- four climatic systems: the Westerlies, the East Asian Monsoon, tions (Pounds et al., 2006; Whitfield et al., 2007). A limited the Siberian cold polar airflow, and the India monsoon (Fig. 1). number of studies
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