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1A Upper Labial Furrows Very Long, Extending Infront of Eyes. Prominent

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1A Upper Labial Furrows Very Long, Extending Infront of Eyes. Prominent KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE 1a Upper labial furrows very long, extending infront of eyes. Prominent lateral keels. Galeocerdo cuvier, p.25 1b Upper labial furrows do not extend infront of eyes. Lateral keels usually absent. 2 Labial furrows long– Labial furrows short– Prominent lateral keels– Lateral keels absent, or low– Galeocerdo cuvier, p.25 Go to 2 Galeocerdo cuvier, p.25 Go to 2 2a First dorsal fi n much closer to pelvic fi ns than pectoral fi ns. Low lateral keels. Briliant blue above. P. glauca, p.27 2b First dorsal fi n equidistant or closer to pectoral fi ns. No lateral keels. 3, Carcharhinus species lateral keels low no lateral keels First dorsal fi n closer to pelvic fi ns– First dorsal fi n equidistant or closer to pectoral fi ns– Prionace glauca, p.27 Go to 3 3a First dorsal and pectoral fi ns very broad with rounded white mottled tips C. longimanus, p.39 CARCHARHINIDAE TO GUIDE KEY 3b Fins not mottled white; fi rst dorsal and pectoral fi ns tapering with pointed tips 4, p.22 rounded tip, no mottling mottled white rounded tip, mottled white Pectoral fi ns broad– Pectoral fi ns SHARK First dorsal fi n very broad– First dorsal fi n tapering– Carcharhinus tapering– Carcharhinus longimanus, p.37 Go to 4, p.22 longimanus, p.37 Go to 4, p.22 21 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 21 19/08/2014 17:31 KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE 4a First dorsal fi n, pectoral, pelvic and caudal fi ns with conspicuous white tips and posterior edges C. albimarginatus, p.29 4b First dorsal fi n, pectoral, pelvic and caudal fi ns without white tips 5 sometimes Conspicuous white tips and posterior edges– No white tips to most fi ns– Carcharhinus albimarginatus, p.31 Go to 5 5a Caudal fi n with prominent posterior black edges with no black tip on fi rst dorsal fi n C. amblyrhynchos, p.33 5b Caudal fi n with prominent posterior black edges or plain, but if edge is black and fi rst dorsal fi n tip is black 6 KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE TO GUIDE KEY no black tip if black tip caudal fi n posterior edges black Caudal fi n with prominent posterior black edges– Caudal fi n with or without prominent posterior black Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, p.29 edges– Go to 6 6a First dorsal origin well behind pectoral free rear tips C. falciformis, p.35 6b First dorsal origin infront of or over pectoral free rear tip 7, p.23 SHARK First dorsal fi n origin well behind pectoral free rear tip– First dorsal fi n origin in front or over pectoral free rear tip– Carcharhinus falciformis, p.35 Go to 7, p.23 22 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 22 19/08/2014 17:31 KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE 7a First dorsal origin in front of or over pectoral insertions, or at least nearer pectoral free rear tips 8 7b First dorsal origin opposite or just in front of pectoral rear tips but closer to them than pectoral insertions 9 First dorsal fi n origin in front to near pectoral insertions– First dorsal fi n origin closer to pectoral rear tips– Go to 8 Go to 9 8a Anterior nasal fl aps low and inconspicuous. 14 rows of teeth. First dorsal very high. Interdorsal ridge low C. plumbeus, p.43 8b Anterior nasal fl aps high and triangular. 15 rows of teeth. First dorsal lower. Interdorsal high C. altimus, p.31 interdorsal ridge low interdorsal ridge high Anterior nasal fl aps low– Anterior nasal fl aps high– First dorsal in very high– First dorsal in high– C. plumbeus, p.43 C. altimus, p.31 C. plumbeus, p.43 C. altimus, p.31 9a Upper teeth relatively high & narrow. Pectoral fi ns roughly straight. First dorsal fi n high with straightish anterior margin C. galapagensis, p.37 CARCHARHINIDAE TO GUIDE KEY 9b Upper teeth relatively low & broad. Pectoral fi ns curved. First dorsal fi n low with curved anterior margin C. obscurus, p.41 straightish anterior margin C. galapagensis, p.37 C. galapagensis, p.37 C. obscurus, p.41 curved anterior margin C. obscurus, p.41 SHARK C. galapagensis, p.37 C. obscurus, p.41 23 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 23 19/08/2014 17:31 KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE Carcharhinidae species comparison Carcharhinus falciformis p.35 Galeocerdo cuvier p.25 KEY GUIDE TO CARCHARHINIDAE TO GUIDE KEY Prionace glauca p.27 Carcharhinus longimanus p.37 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos p.29 Carcharhinus galapagensis p.39 Carcharhinus albimarginatus p.31 Carcharhinus obscurus p.41 Carcharhinus altimus p.33 Carcharhinus plumbeus p.43 24 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 24 19/08/2014 17:32 CARCHARHINIFORMES Carcharhinidae: Requiem sharks TIG Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger Shark (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) Requin Tigre Commun NT LL ● Big-head, very short, blunt-snouted, large-mouth, with a rather slender body behind the pectoral fi ns. ● Interdorsal ridge present ● Large spiracles. and very prominent. ● Slender caudal fi n with Galeocerdo cuvier an acutely pointed tip. ● Anal fi n about same size as second dorsal fi n. ● Low keels on caudal peduncle. ● Very long upper labial furrows that reach the eyes. ● Distinctive dark, vertical tiger-stripe markings, faded or obsolete in large adults. Upper labial furrows very long Upper labial furrows Dentition Description Colour A stout bodied, big-headed, short, blunt-snouted, large- Grey with a unique colour pattern of mouthed shark with a rather slender body behind the black spots and vertical bars on dorsal pectoral fi ns; large slit-like spiracles; labial furrow very long; surface of body, bold in young but interdorsal ridge present and very prominent; fi rst dorsal fading out in adults. origin above pectoral insertions or inner margins; anal fi n Size 5 Gills about as large as second dorsal. Males mature: 225–290cm. Females mature: 250–350cm. Maximum size: 550cm to possibly 700cm. Anal n Anal Birth size: 50–75cm. n Anal Teeth approximately actual size. Teeth cockscomb-shaped curved teeth with heavy SHARK serrations and distal cusplets. Tooth counts: upper jaw 18–26, lower jaw 18–25. © NOAA Fisheries, USA 25 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 25 19/08/2014 17:32 TIG Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger Shark SIMILAR SPECIES Short blunt snout with broadly rounded mouth; fi rst dorsal fi n above pectoral faded in large adults ; large cockscomb-shaped curved teeth with prominent fi ns inner margin; colour pattern of vertical bars and black spots, bold in young, serrations. Gill slits, fi rst dorsal position & caudal fi n shape Ventral view of head Second dorsal & anal fi ns distinctive vertical striping in specimens less than 3m short, blunt, wide snout interdorsal ridge very prominent slender caudal fi n with an acutely pointed tip low keels on caudal peduncle very long, prominent upper labial furrows fi rst dorsal fi n origin over inner margin of pectoral fi ns gill slits of medium anal fi n deeply notched, length, two in front teeth not obvious unless about same size as second of pectoral fi ns origin Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark mouth opened dorsal fi n, not minute boundary between dorsal colour and ventral white abrupt shortish, conically-blunt snout no interdorsal ridge caudal fi n crescent-shaped second dorsal fi n minute and ahead of anal fi n keel on caudal peduncle fi rst dorsal fi n about over gill slits long and all inner margin of pectoral fi ns upper labial in front of pectoral furrows minute fi ns origin anal fi n minute only slightly Carcharodon carcharias White Shark teeth obvious larger than second dorsal fi n distinctive ‘checkerboard’ patterning no interdorsal ridge caudal fi n semi-lunate very short, blunt, large keel on caudal peduncle very wide snout teeth minute never obvious gill slits long, four fi rst dorsal fi n set well back, partly over pelvic fi ns above pectoral fi ns anal fi n notched about same size Rhincodon typus Whale Shark as second dorsal fi n, not minute 26 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 26 19/08/2014 17:32 CARCHARHINIFORMES Carcharhinidae: Requiem sharks BSH Prionace glauca Blue Shark (Linnaeus, 1758) Peau Bleue LLLLNT ● Comparatively ● First dorsal fi n closer to ● Brilliant to dark blue dorsally. ● Caudal fi n with large eyes. pelvic fi ns origin than long lower lobe. pectoral fi ns free rear tip. ● No interdorsal ridge. Prionace glauca Prionace ● Long and narrow pectoral fi ns, pointed at tips. ● Low keel on caudal peduncle. ● Abruptly white ventrally. pectoral ns pectoral First dorsal n closer to pevic n than pevic n closer to dorsal First Dentition Description Colour Body slender; eyes very large; pectoral fi ns very long, Coloration is a brilliant to dark blue narrow, and pointed at tips; fi rst dorsal fi n closer to pelvic dorsally, becoming lighter bright blue fi ns origin; low keel on caudal peduncle; narrow-lobed laterally and abruptly white ventrally. caudal fi n with a long lower lobe. Size Males mature: 182–281cm. Females mature: about 200cm. Maximum size: about 380cm. Anal n Anal 5 Gills Teeth approximately actual size. SHARK Tooth counts: upper jaw 24–31, lower jaw 24–34. © Charlene Da Silva (Department Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, South Africa) 27 FAO Pelagic Guide to the Indian Ocean pp017-032 wide.indd 27 19/08/2014 17:32 BSH Prionace glauca Blue Shark SIMILAR SPECIES The bright blue coloration and very long, narrowly tapering pectoral fi ns separates this shark from all other species in the region.
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