CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 3 Georgia KEY QUESTION Why was Georgia founded? In 1732, James Oglethorpe received a charter for Georgia, named after King George II. A year later Oglethorpe built the first settlement at Savannah. Teach Ethnic and Religious Diversity The colony was meant as a place where debtors and the poor could make a fresh start. It was hoped that such settlers Georgia would protect the English colonies against Spanish Florida to the south and French Louisiana to the west. Reader, Recorder, Reporter A population of great diversity, or variety, settled in Georgia. English, • What groups were allowed to settle in German, Swiss, and Scottish colonists arrived. All Protestant groups, as well Georgia? (all Protestant denominations, Jews; as Jews, were welcome. However, Catholics were banned in case they might sympathize with Spanish Catholics in Florida. English, German, Swiss, Scottish) Oglethorpe’s Policies Oglethorpe set strict rules. He opposed large plan- • Why did James Oglethorpe oppose slavery? tations and slavery because he wanted to help poor settlers establish small (He wanted to help debtors and poor settlers farms. He believed that a free population could better defend the colony start farms, and he feared a slave revolt.) Answer: Georgia was against attack. He also feared that slave revolts might weaken the colony. founded as a place where • Problems and Solutions What solutions debtors and the poor The colonists were unhappy with Oglethorpe’s policies. They were envious did James Oglethorpe propose for the problem could make a fresh start. of South Carolina’s prosperity, which came from slave labor. In response, The colony was meant to the trustees legalized slavery, and Georgia became a royal colony. Georgia of attacks from the Spanish in Florida? protect the other English turned into a plantation society like that of South Carolina. (He banned Catholics and encouraged freemen colonies from Spanish to settle in Georgia.) attack. SUMMARIZE Explain why Georgia was founded.

Southern Colonies 1740 Southern Colonies 1740 Connect Geography History Connect Geography History 1. Place Around what geographical feature were the earliest settlements located? Point out that the actual western boundaries 2. Draw Conclusions What geographical features of the Southern colonies (as claimed by allowed some settlements to push farther west the British) are not shown. Technically the than others? boundaries extended all the way to the Pacific Ocean, but the Appalachian Mountains formed Savannah, Georgia, being a natural barrier that made settling farther built in the 1730s west more difficult. ANSWERS 1. Place a bay 2. Draw Conclusions rivers

CONNECT to the Essential Question

How did the experience of the early 80 Chapter 3 colonists shape America’s political and social ideals? Ask students what they have learned so far DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION: TIERED ACTIVITIES that can help them answer this question. Students might mention: OBJECTIVE Evaluate the success and failure of James Oglethorpe’s plan to help debtors • Margaret Brent asked for the right to recover from poverty in Georgia. vote before the Maryland Assembly. • The Act of Toleration was enacted in Lord Basic On Level Challenge Baltimore’s colony of Maryland. Students should discuss the Have students prepare a Pose this question to • James Oglethorpe established a colony strengths and weaknesses short fact-finding report, students, “What could in Georgia where debtors and the poor of Oglethorpe’s plan and answering the question: James Oglethorpe have done could make a fresh start. record their findings in a “What happened to James differently to make his plan graphic organizer of their Oglethorpe’s plan?” Have succeed?” Have students choosing. Have them point them focus on Oglethorpe, discuss and record the main out what they consider the the poor, the king, points. Have them work in plan’s major strengths and enslaved Africans, wealthy small group(s) to discuss and weaknesses. landowners, and what write a summary about each motivated each of them. point. 80 • Chapter 3 The Region of the South CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 3 KEY QUESTION What features did the Southern Colonies have in common? With the addition of Georgia, the Southern Colonies now formed a region, or distinct area of land. This Southern region stretched from the borders of the Spanish colony of Florida north through the Carolinas, Virginia, and 3 Maryland. The Southern Colonies shared a common climate and culture. Teach Southern Culture Develops The Appalachian Mountains bordered these The Region of the South colonies in the west. In the east, the flat land along the coast was known as the Tidewater. The soil and climate of the Tidewater encouraged the plant- Talk About It ing of warm-weather crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. These crops required a large labor force, so the region became home to the largest popu- • Problems and Solutions In the Southern lation of enslaved Africans in the colonies. Connecting History colonies, most of the best land was owned by a small number of elite landowners. How did As large plantations formed along the rivers in coastal areas, landowners Social Conflict became rich from exporting cash crops. A wealthy elite soon developed, Disagreements between poorer settlers respond to this situation? especially in Virginia and South Carolina. Meanwhile, poorer settlers were the rich planters of the (They moved west to the frontier.) forced west onto the frontier. coast and poorer settlers of Although the Anglican church was the established religion throughout the frontier would lead to Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. the South, religious diversity increased. Many of the Southern Colonies Chapter 4, p. 104. promised religious toleration in order to attract settlers. Connecting History Colonists throughout the South demanded greater say in how they were Answer: governed. Eventually, every Southern colony was allowed an elected repre- They shared Social Conflict a common climate sentative assembly. and culture; a large Bacon’s Rebellion began as a conflict over COMPARE AND CONTRAST Describe the features that the Southern Colonies slave population; they Native American policy, expanded into a all had increasing had in common. religious diversity clash between the colonies’ wealthy leaders and representative and poor workers, and ended with the governments. burning of Jamestown.

ONLINE QUIZ 3 Section Assessment For test practice, go to Interactive Review @ ClassZone.com 4 Assess & Reteach TERMS & NAMES KEY IDEAS Assess Have students complete the Section 1. Explain the importance of 3. Why did Lord Baltimore found the colony of Assessment. • Lord Baltimore • Huguenots Maryland? • Margaret Brent • James Oglethorpe 4. What drew settlers to the Carolinas? Unit 2 Resource Book • Act of Toleration 5. What kind of society did Oglethorpe want for • Section Quiz, p. 53 Georgia? USING YOUR READING NOTES Interactive Review 2. Problems and Solutions Complete the diagram CRITICAL THINKING you began at the beginning of this section. 6. Analyze Causes and Effects Why did slavery @ ClassZone.com expand in the Southern Colonies? Problems in Colonial Solution 7. Connect Economics & History Why did South Power Presentations England Carolina planters become such a wealthy elite? Test Generator Catholics not Maryland founded 8. Writing Letter Write a persuasive letter to a tolerated London newspaper, describing opportunities in the Reteach Have students make a “fast facts” list Carolinas and urging other settlers to join you there. about each of the Southern colonies.

Unit 2 Resource Book The English Establish 13 Colonies 81 • Reteaching Activity, p. 57 SECTION 3 ASSESSMENT ANSWERS

Terms & Names 4. religious toleration, large land grants, and 1. Lord Baltimore, p. 77; Margaret Brent, p. 77; representative government Letter Rubric Act of Toleration, 78; Huguenots, p. 79; James 5. a colony of small farms rather than large Oglethorpe, p. 80 plantations; a society of freemen rather than Historical Content Using Your Reading Notes slaves Accuracy 2. Problems in England—many people poor Critical Thinking 4 excellent; persuasive, no errors and in debt; Colonial Solution—Georgia 6. Rice, tobacco, and indigo cultivation required a describes many opportunities founded to give the poor and debtors a fresh large labor force. 3 good; persuasive, describes few/minor start. Problem—proprietors of new colony 7. They grew rich by exporting rice that enslaved some opportunities errors wanted to populate it; Solution—founded Africans cultivated. Carolina, offered religious toleration, land, 8. Letters should describe opportunities in the 2 fair; somewhat persuasive, several describes a few opportunities errors representative government Carolinas and use persuasive language. Use Key Ideas the rubric to score students’ letters. 1 poor; not persuasive, describes many errors no real opportunities 3. He wanted a place where Catholics would not be persecuted. Teacher’s Edition • 81