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Dundee Heritage Trust RRS Discovery and Polar Collections Jute Collections Recognised Collection Status Review 2018

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Dundee Heritage Trust RRS Discovery and Polar Collections Jute Collections Recognised Collection Status Review 2018 Dundee Heritage Trust RRS Discovery and Polar Collections Jute Collections Recognised Collection Status Review 2018 1. Is the collection still eligible? RRS Discovery and Discovery Point RRS Discovery and Polar collections Before James Clark Ross’s voyage to the Antarctic in 1839-43 the continent was unknown. Even after the epic journey of his ships, the Erebus and the Terror, the continent was still a mystery. The period 1897-1930 marked the era of ‘Heroic Exploration’ and was a watershed in the expansion of our knowledge due to the huge of amount of geological, geographic, zoological and physical data that was collected by explorers to the area. As a research ship Discovery was central to this activity as she was involved in three major expeditions of the period to Antarctica. Specifically designed to carry out polar exploration and scientific work, she is at the heart of a unique and fascinating collection of artefacts held by Dundee Heritage Trust. The collection charts the explorations of Captain Scott and Ernest Shackleton but also the later, and as important, expeditions such as the Discovery Oceanographic Expedition between 1925 and 1927 and the BANZAR (British, Australian, New Zealand Antarctic Research) Expeditions between 1929 and 1931. RRS Discovery is part of the National Historic Fleet of UK ships, as defined by the National Historic Ships Committee. This is for vessels of ‘pre-eminent national significance in terms of maritime heritage, historical association or innovation of technology'. Discovery and the associated collections also fitted three categories of importance as defined in the original Recognition guidance documents - in terms of developments in science, technology and industry; central to the life and works of a person or group and have had a leading role in our understanding of the natural environment. Discovery was the first ship in the world to be specifically designed for scientific research and for working in the Antarctic regions. Discovery was one of the last wooden three-masted sailing ships to be built in Britain. She is the only example of the type to survive. She was built in Dundee because of the city's special expertise in constructing such strong wooden vessels and was modelled on the lines of traditional Scottish whaling ships used in the ice-packed areas of the Arctic. No Scottish whaling vessels survive so the Discovery is invaluable in giving people an idea of the size, lines and construction methods of the ships that served such a major Scottish industry. As such she is a unique survivor of Scotland’s proud shipbuilding past. Discovery played a significant role in the development of ship construction, particularly for exploration and use in Polar Regions. She incorporates a number of design features which are the only examples of their type to survive. Discovery was involved in three pioneering areas of research:- The British National Antarctic Expedition 1901-04 - the first extensive scientific exploration of the Antarctic land mass under Captain Robert Falcon Scott. The Discovery Oceanographic Expedition 1925-27 - the first maritime research undertaken to explore the natural habitat of the whale and its exploitation as a resource. This expedition had as leader of the scientific team the renowned scientist Sir Alister Hardy. The British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) 1929-31 - an extensive survey of the land masses and oceans of the South Atlantic and Antarctic led by Sir Douglas Mawson. The Discovery collections relate to all three of these major Antarctic expeditions as well as the building of the ship and her later life as a training vessel for the Sea Scouts. The polar collections also go beyond just the Discovery and include items related to her rescue vessel the Morning (1902-04) and Shackleton’s expeditions aboard Nimrod (1907-09) Aurora and Endurance (1914-17) to name but a few. The most significant other polar material is a large and very important collection related to Scott’s second fateful expedition (1910-1912) aboard the Terra Nova, another Dundee-built whaler. The collections relate to the history of Discovery and the men who served on her. These cover the fields of costume, numismatics, fine art, arms & armour, archives, science, photographs and social history. Items within the collections vary from navigational instruments and scientific specimens collected on the ship's expeditions, to objects which vividly represent daily life for polar explorers of the period. These include such items as wooden skis, sledging equipment (e.g. man and dog harnesses), fine quality expedition crockery and cutlery for use in the officers' wardroom and some of the original food rations and games used for amusement during the long, dark Antarctic winters. Some of the objects are of a very personal nature such as Captain Scott's pipe and sheath knife and these days they almost have the status of 'holy relics'. The collections contain many rare (sometimes unique) objects which have very special resonance and international importance. The Discovery collection is the pre-eminent Antarctic/polar exploration collection in Scotland and probably second only to the Scott Polar Research Institute in the UK. Since Recognition was awarded the polar collections have increased. In the last ten years 578 items have been accessioned with the total collection now standing at 2,169. With new acquisitions continuing to arrive all the time, the breadth, depth and quality of the collection continues to grow. A programme of continual museum improvement has taken place over the years with new showcases and exhibits for the galleries being installed on a regular basis. A major capital development completed in April 2018 saw the creation of three new three permanent galleries along with new exhibits for existing galleries. The project included the installation of eight new showcases, allowing us to display many objects from the collections for the first time as well as objects actively collected for the new displays. A new learning and activity centre ‘Polarama’ was also New ‘Inspiration’ showcase, created in the heart of the museum, allowing groups to March 2018 feel more connected to the ship and museum and raising the public profile of our learning services. It has been the catalyst for an expansion of our learning and community offer, already well-used by schools and playing host to a vibrant programme of events including free family film screenings, art workshops and reminiscence sessions – all taking their inspiration from the collections and the themes of the museum. Polar Explorer workshop in new ‘Polarama’ learning and activity space, March 2018 Discovery Point is in a similar position to 2008 with visitor figures having remained stable around the 55,000 mark since then. The museum continues to receive incredibly positive customer feedback and is either No. 1 or No. 2 for Dundee on TripAdvisor (alternating top position with Verdant Works), having held a Certificate of Excellence for many years now. It is also 5 star rated with VisitScotland. 1. Is the collection still eligible? Jute Collections Jute is a word that is synonymous with the city of Dundee – indeed the city was nicknamed Juteopolis in much the same way as Manchester became Cottonopolis. Verdant Works tells the story of Dundee's textile industries, focusing primarily on jute. Between 1841 and 1901 the population of Dundee tripled from 45,000 to 161,000 due to the growing textile Verdant Works Museum industry and this had a dramatic effect on the city. At the end of the 19th century the industry directly employed some 50,000 people in the city - half the working population, a unique situation in Scotland's industrial history - plus many more thousands in associated trades such as shipbuilding, whaling, transportation and engineering. Women outnumbered men in the jute mills by 3 to 1 so the industry is also important as part of women’s history. Dundee supplied the majority of the world's demand for jute products and this widens the story into one that has great importance for Scottish and indeed British history. Jute connected the people of Dundee with the world and some of the most interesting aspects of history. The American and Australian gold rushes and mining booms needed tents for the huge temporary camps that the prospectors lived in and the covers of the wagons of the pioneers in the USA were made from Dundee cloth. During all the wars of the nineteenth century jute and linen goods were in great demand for tenting, horse blankets, wagon and gun covers, sandbags and for carrying supplies. The Napoleonic, Crimean and American Civil Wars were all times of huge profits for the textile manufacturers of Dundee, as were the First and Second World Wars. During the 19th and early 20th centuries jute was indispensable, the workhorse of industry and the home. Every kind of product - potatoes, chemicals, sugar, coal and coffee beans - was transported in jute sacks and millions were manufactured in Dundee every year. Other uses included: ropes, boot linings, aprons, carpets, tents, roofing felts, upholstery backing, webbing, garden twine, satchels, linoleum backing, tarpaulins, sand bags, meat wrappers, sailcloth, scrims, oven cloths, horse covers, cattle bedding, electric cable, even parachutes and the soles of espadrille sandals. The jute collections cover the entire history of the jute industry and relate to topics such as manufacturing, research and development, the end products, quality control, textile engineering, the industry's Indian connections and the lives of the workers. Objects include machinery patterns, jute and flax products, small tools, technical drawings and plans and quality control/testing equipment. The archives and photographic records of various mills and their workers have considerable historical research value. As well as the large machinery objects, the collections cover the fields of industrial history, social history, fine art, archives/business papers, photographs, costume and numismatics.
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