Tarantula Surveys with VLT-Flames, Hubble and Gaia

Danny Lennon (ESA/ESAC)

…and the VFTS (extended) family! The Tarantula/30 Doradus region: A Deep Field for Massive ?

• The VLT-Flames Tarantula Survey (VFTS; P.I. C. Evans)

• Proper motions of Massive Stars in 30 Doradus (P.I. D. Lennon)

• A Massive Census of the Starburst Cluster (P.I., P. Crowther)

• Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP; P.I. Elena Sabbi)

• Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring program (TMBM; P.I. H. Sana)

• The Tarantula Revealed by X-Rays (T-ReX; P.I. L. Townsley)

…and many others completed/pending Some ancient history: The VLT-Flames Survey of Massive Stars in the Magellanic Clouds and the Milky Way P.I. S. Smartt Homogeneous analysis of large populations of massive stars in different metallicities

Galaxy NGC6611 NGC 3293 NGC 4755 Two main objectives - to measure the metallicity LMC dependence of: (LH9 & LH10) NGC 2004

• Mass-loss rates of O- stars SMC NGC 346 NGC 330 • Efficiency of rotational mixing What we learned from Flames-I:

• Massive star evolution is much more complicated than we thought (e.g. the Hunter Diagram).

• Binaries are everywhere.

• We didn’t have near enough O-stars.

• Selection effects are very hard to model.

• We needed a ‘blind’ multi-epoch spectroscopic survey of MANY O-stars to cover the phase space.

• The Tarantula /30 Doradus region in the LMC was perfect… and it’s interesting in its own right! VFTS: Observational Details

• FLAMES: 132 science MEDUSA fibres feed the G

• 1000 Medusa targets

• No colour cut 10'

• V < 17

• 9 fibre configurations

• 15" exclusion radius in core for fibres

• +IFU and UVES targets (not shown)

Spectroscopy in the dense cluster: R136

4”~1pc

HST/FOS - Massey & Hunter HST/STIS - Crowther et al

4 • Most massive of resolved massive clusters with M~5x10 Mʘ and the densest, most compact cluster: central parsec contains ~30 WN and O2/O3 stars, containing some very massive stars with >150M (Crowther et al 2010).

⊙ UV & multi-epoch optical spectroscopy of the central parsec

Azalee Bostroem – working with Jesus Maiz, Saida Caballero and Paul Crowther

Runaway O2 star Evans et al. (2010)

‘Solitary’ 150M star Bestenlehner et al. (2011)

Global studies well underway – 20 papers already accepted! Fastest vsini Dufton et al. (2011) • Physical properties • Chemical abundances • vsini distributions • Dynamical analysis •Binary properties

& more…

Cycle 20: GO-12939, PI Sabbi: 60 orbits of HST time to observe the from the NUV to the NIR using WFC3 and ACS in parallel – Spatially Resolved star formation history!

NUV: F275W and F336W (WFC3/UVIS) Optical: F555W and F658N (ACS/WFC) NIR: F110W and F160W (WFC3/IR)

Papers due out this summer: Catalog paper (Sabbi et al), St formation history paper (Cignoni et al) and an extinction paper (d Marchi et al). Gaia-ESO Survey thoughts…

• Seems to me that GES is still in the Flames-I stage….needs to get to Flames-II stage (e.g. VFTS)

• Needs a Milky Way Massive Star Deep Field?

• Carina? (Like Jesus’ idea but more?)

• WD2?

• Observe ‘everything’

• When GAIA results come along they will enable a complete 3D map of that star formation region (that we can’t do in the LMC).