Minotaur I Launch Vehicle
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Launch and Deployment Analysis for a Small, MEO, Technology Demonstration Satellite
46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit AIAA 2008-1131 7 – 10 January 20006, Reno, Nevada Launch and Deployment Analysis for a Small, MEO, Technology Demonstration Satellite Stephen A. Whitmore* and Tyson K. Smith† Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-4130 A trade study investigating the economics, mass budget, and concept of operations for delivery of a small technology-demonstration satellite to a medium-altitude earth orbit is presented. The mission requires payload deployment at a 19,000 km orbit altitude and an inclination of 55o. Because the payload is a technology demonstrator and not part of an operational mission, launch and deployment costs are a paramount consideration. The payload includes classified technologies; consequently a USA licensed launch system is mandated. A preliminary trade analysis is performed where all available options for FAA-licensed US launch systems are considered. The preliminary trade study selects the Orbital Sciences Minotaur V launch vehicle, derived from the decommissioned Peacekeeper missile system, as the most favorable option for payload delivery. To meet mission objectives the Minotaur V configuration is modified, replacing the baseline 5th stage ATK-37FM motor with the significantly smaller ATK Star 27. The proposed design change enables payload delivery to the required orbit without using a 6th stage kick motor. End-to-end mass budgets are calculated, and a concept of operations is presented. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to characterize the expected accuracy of the final orbit. -
Space Transportation Association Roundtable "An Engineering Assessment of the Way-Forward in Human Spaceflight” September 9, 2010 Rayburn Building
Space Transportation Association Roundtable "An Engineering Assessment of the Way-Forward in Human Spaceflight” September 9, 2010 Rayburn Building Thank you, Rich, for the opportunity to get together on this important topic with this group. Please let me begin with a disclaimer. While I am the Executive Director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, by no means do I speak for the Institute. We have some 36,000 student and professional members – including all four of us on the panel. Our volunteer leadership establishes our policy positions, and to be candid, it is an extremely difficult process to get consensus on almost any subject. With a topic as filled with options and differing views as what we are talking about this morning, we consider our role to be to provide opportunities to debate issues and bring out technically sound perspectives rather than advocate positions. So, I’m afraid I will have to use the standard disclaimer that the views expressed are my own. 1 Over the past few years Mike and I have discussed various aspects of the space exploration portfolio. On some we have agreed, on some we have agreed to disagree. Mike will be on the AIAA election Ballot in a few months to run for the same position he had to resign when he was confirmed as Administrator of NASA – President‐Elect of AIAA. I think it is both a characteristic and strength of AIAA that the senior staff person and the person who was a month away from being my boss, and may be again, can engage in debate on issues and agree to disagree. -
Small Space Launch: Origins & Challenges Lt Col Thomas H
Small Space Launch: Origins & Challenges Lt Col Thomas H. Freeman, USAF, [email protected], (505)853-4750 Maj Jose Delarosa, USAF, [email protected], (505)846-4097 Launch Test Squadron, SMC/SDTW Small Space Launch: Origins The United States Space Situational Awareness capability continues to be a key element in obtaining and maintaining the high ground in space. Space Situational Awareness satellites are critical enablers for integrated air, ground and sea operations, and play an essential role in fighting and winning conflicts. The United States leads the world space community in spacecraft payload systems from the component level into spacecraft, and in the development of constellations of spacecraft. The United States’ position is founded upon continued government investment in research and development in space technology [1], which is clearly reflected in the Space Situational Awareness capabilities and the longevity of these missions. In the area of launch systems that support Space Situational Awareness, despite the recent development of small launch vehicles, the United States launch capability is dominated by an old, unresponsive and relatively expensive set of launchers [1] in the Expandable, Expendable Launch Vehicles (EELV) platforms; Delta IV and Atlas V. The EELV systems require an average of six to eight months from positioning on the launch table until liftoff [3]. Access to space requires maintaining a robust space transportation capability, founded on a rigorous industrial and technology base. The downturn of commercial space launch service use has undermined, for the time being, the ability of industry to recoup its significant investment in current launch systems. -
Review of Nasa's Acquisition of Commercial Launch Services
FEBRUARY 17, 2011 AUDIT REPORT OFFICE OF AUDITS REVIEW OF NASA’S ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL LAUNCH SERVICES OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL National Aeronautics and Space Administration REPORT NO. IG-11-012 (ASSIGNMENT NO. A-09-011-00) Final report released by: Paul K. Martin Inspector General Acronyms COTS Commercial Orbital Transportation Services CRS Commercial Resupply Services DOD Department of Defense EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle ESMD Exploration Systems Mission Directorate GAO Government Accountability Office GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ICESat-II Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite IDIQ Indefinite-Delivery, Indefinite-Quantity ISS International Space Station LADEE Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite LRO Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LSP Launch Services Program NLS NASA Launch Services OCO Orbiting Carbon Observatory OIG Office of Inspector General PPBE Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution SMAP Soil Moisture Active Passive SMD Science Mission Directorate SOMD Space Operations Mission Directorate ULA United Launch Alliance REPORT NO. IG-11-012 FEBRUARY 17, 2011 OVERVIEW REVIEW OF NASA’S ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL LAUNCH SERVICES The Issue Commercial U.S. launch services providers compete domestically and internationally for contracts to carry satellites and other payloads into orbit using unmanned, single-use vehicles known as expendable launch vehicles (ELVs). However, since the late 1990s the global commercial launch market has generally declined following the downturn in the telecommunications services industry, which was the primary customer of the commercial space industry. Given this trend, U.S. launch services providers struggling to remain economically viable have been bolstered by the Commercial Space Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-303), which requires NASA and other Federal agencies to plan missions and procure space transportation services from U.S. -
Minotaur I User's Guide
This page left intentionally blank. Minotaur I User’s Guide Revision Summary TM-14025, Rev. D REVISION SUMMARY VERSION DOCUMENT DATE CHANGE PAGE 1.0 TM-14025 Mar 2002 Initial Release All 2.0 TM-14025A Oct 2004 Changes throughout. Major updates include All · Performance plots · Environments · Payload accommodations · Added 61 inch fairing option 3.0 TM-14025B Mar 2014 Extensively Revised All 3.1 TM-14025C Sep 2015 Updated to current Orbital ATK naming. All 3.2 TM-14025D Sep 2018 Branding update to Northrop Grumman. All 3.3 TM-14025D Sep 2020 Branding update. All Updated contact information. Release 3.3 September 2020 i Minotaur I User’s Guide Revision Summary TM-14025, Rev. D This page left intentionally blank. Release 3.3 September 2020 ii Minotaur I User’s Guide Preface TM-14025, Rev. D PREFACE This Minotaur I User's Guide is intended to familiarize potential space launch vehicle users with the Mino- taur I launch system, its capabilities and its associated services. All data provided herein is for reference purposes only and should not be used for mission specific analyses. Detailed analyses will be performed based on the requirements and characteristics of each specific mission. The launch services described herein are available for US Government sponsored missions via the United States Air Force (USAF) Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), Advanced Systems and Development Directorate (SMC/AD), Rocket Systems Launch Program (SMC/ADSL). For technical information and additional copies of this User’s Guide, contact: Northrop Grumman -
Trade Studies Towards an Australian Indigenous Space Launch System
TRADE STUDIES TOWARDS AN AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering by Gordon P. Briggs B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Astron) School of Engineering and Information Technology, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy January 2010 Abstract During the project Apollo moon landings of the mid 1970s the United States of America was the pre-eminent space faring nation followed closely by only the USSR. Since that time many other nations have realised the potential of spaceflight not only for immediate financial gain in areas such as communications and earth observation but also in the strategic areas of scientific discovery, industrial development and national prestige. Australia on the other hand has resolutely refused to participate by instituting its own space program. Successive Australian governments have preferred to obtain any required space hardware or services by purchasing off-the-shelf from foreign suppliers. This policy or attitude is a matter of frustration to those sections of the Australian technical community who believe that the nation should be participating in space technology. In particular the provision of an indigenous launch vehicle that would guarantee the nation independent access to the space frontier. It would therefore appear that any launch vehicle development in Australia will be left to non- government organisations to at least define the requirements for such a vehicle and to initiate development of long-lead items for such a project. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to attempt to define some of the requirements for a nascent Australian indigenous launch vehicle system. -
Using Energia (Arduino)
Using Energia (Arduino) Introduction This chapter of the MSP430 workshop explores Energia, the Arduino port for the Texas Instruments Launchpad kits. After a quick definition and history of Arduino and Energia, we provide a quick introduction to Wiring – the language/library used by Arduino & Energia. Most of the learning comes from using the Launchpad board along with the Energia IDE to light LED’s, read switches and communicate with your PC via the serial connection. Learning Objectives, Requirements, Prereq’s Prerequisites & Objectives Prerequisites Basic knowledge of C language Basic understanding of using a C library and header files This chapter doesn’t explain clock, interrupt, and GPIO features in detail, this is left to the other chapters in the MSP430 workshop Requirements - Tools and Software Hardware Windows (XP, 7, 8) PC with available USB port MSP430F5529 Launchpad Software Already installed, if you Energia Download have installed CCSv5.x Launchpad drivers (Optional) MSP430ware / Driverlib Objectives Define ‘Arduino’ and describe what is was created for Define ‘Energia’ and explain what it is ‘forked’ from Install Energia, open and run included example sketches Use serial communication between the board & PC Add an external interrupt to an Energia sketch Modify CPU registers from an Energia sketch MSP430 Workshop - Using Energia (Arduino) 8 - 1 What is Arduino Chapter Topics Using Energia (Arduino) ............................................................................................................ -
Aas 14-281 Suborbital Intercept And
AAS 14-281 SUBORBITAL INTERCEPT AND FRAGMENTATION OF ASTEROIDS WITH VERY SHORT WARNING TIMES Ryan Hupp,∗ Spencer Dewald,∗ and Bong Wiey The threat of an asteroid impact with very short warning times (e.g., 1 to 24 hrs) is a very probable, real danger to civilization, yet no viable countermeasures cur- rently exist. The utilization of an upgraded ICBM to deliver a hypervelocity as- teroid intercept vehicle (HAIV) carrying a nuclear explosive device (NED) on a suborbital interception trajectory is studied in this paper. Specifically, this paper focuses on determining the trajectory for maximizing the altitude of intercept. A hypothetical asteroid impact scenario is used as an example for determining sim- plified trajectory models. Other issues are also examined, including launch vehicle options, launch site placement, late intercept, and some undesirable side effects. It is shown that silo-based ICBMs with modest burnout velocities can be utilized for a suborbital asteroid intercept mission with an NED explosion at reasonably higher altitudes (> 2,500 km). However, further studies will be required in the following key areas: i) NED sizing for properly fragmenting small (50 to 150 m) asteroids, ii) the side effects caused by an NED explosion at an altitude of 2,500 km or higher, iii) the rapid launch readiness of existing or upgraded ICBMs for a suborbital asteroid intercept with short warning times (e.g., 1 to 24 hrs), and iv) precision ascent guidance and terminal intercept guidance. It is emphasized that if an earlier alert (e.g., > 1 week) can be assured, then an interplanetary inter- cept/fragmentation may become feasible, which requires an interplanetary launch vehicle. -
International Partnerships and the Future of Space Exploration
QwikConnect GLENAIR n APRIL 2015 n VOLUME 19 n NUMBER 2 SPACE GRADE NASA ESA, JAXA SCREENED SPECIAL FEATURE ESA/Glenair Interconnect Part Number Reference Guide International Partnerships and the Future of Space Exploration QwikConnect The United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket with the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) International Partnerships ULA Delta II lifts off carrying spacecraft onboard. NASA’s NPP spacecraft and The LDCM mission is a Ariane 5 launch of the XMM X-ray spectroscopy five small CubeSat research collaboration between mission. ESA’s Ariane 1 to 4 launched and the Future of Space Exploration satellites, including M-Cubed, NASA and the U.S. half of the world’s commercial and JPL’s COVE Earth science Geological Survey to satellites. The advanced technology experiment. monitor the Earth’s Ariane 5 is one of the It has now been some four years since the American Space Shuttle program Photo: NASA/ULA landscapes from space. most reliable and completed its final voyage. The four-person crew for the 135th and last mission of the Photo: NASA affordable launchers grand Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program was the smallest of any shuttle mission in the world. since STS-6 in April 1983. But its primary cargo, a Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Photo: NASA (MPLM), was as important as any Atlantis (or any of the other four, low-earth orbiter shuttles) ever carried. Named “Raffaello”—after Raffaello Sanzio, an Italian painter and architect of the Renaissance—the MPLM was the second of three built by Thales International Launch Vehicle Programs Orbital Alenia to serve as “moving vans,” carrying equipment, experiments and supplies to Sciences The top line for expendable launch capabilities in North and from the International Space Station (ISS). -
The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions
Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com The Evolving Launch Vehicle Market Supply and the Effect on Future NASA Missions Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint International Conference & Workshop June 12-15, New Orleans, LA Bob Bitten, Debra Emmons, Claude Freaner 1 Presented at the 2007 ISPA/SCEA Joint Annual International Conference and Workshop - www.iceaaonline.com Abstract • The upcoming retirement of the Delta II family of launch vehicles leaves a performance gap between small expendable launch vehicles, such as the Pegasus and Taurus, and large vehicles, such as the Delta IV and Atlas V families • This performance gap may lead to a variety of progressions including – large satellites that utilize the full capability of the larger launch vehicles, – medium size satellites that would require dual manifesting on the larger vehicles or – smaller satellites missions that would require a large number of smaller launch vehicles • This paper offers some comparative costs of co-manifesting single- instrument missions on a Delta IV/Atlas V, versus placing several instruments on a larger bus and using a Delta IV/Atlas V, as well as considering smaller, single instrument missions launched on a Minotaur or Taurus • This paper presents the results of a parametric study investigating the cost- effectiveness of different alternatives and their effect on future NASA missions that fall into the Small Explorer (SMEX), Medium Explorer (MIDEX), Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP), Discovery, -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District. -
Minotaur I Users Guide
ORBITAL SCIENCES CORPORATION January 2006 Minotaur I User’s Guide Release 2.1 Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited Copyright 2006 by Orbital Sciences Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Minotaur I User’s Guide Revision Summary REVISION SUMMARY VERSION DOCUMENT DATE CHANGE PAGE 1.0 TM-14025 Mar 2002 Initial Release All 2.0 TM-14025A Oct 2004 Changes thoughout. Major updates include All • Performance plots • Environments • Payload accommodations • Added 61 inch fairing option 2.1 TM-14025B Jan 2006 General nomenclature, history, and administrative updates All (no technical updates) • Changed “Minotaur” to “Minotaur I” • Updated launch history • Corrected contact information Release 1.1 January 2006 ii Minotaur I User’s Guide Preface This Minotaur I User's Guide is intended to familiarize potential space launch vehicle users with the Minotaur I launch system, its capabilities and its associated services. All data provided herein is for reference purposes only and should not be used for mission specific analyses. Detailed analyses will be performed based on the requirements and characteristics of each specific mission. The launch services described herein are available for US Government sponsored missions via the United States Air Force (USAF) Space and Missile Systems Center, Detachment 12, Rocket Systems Launch Program (RSLP). Readers desiring further information on Minotaur I should contact the USAF Program Office: USAF SMC Det 12/RP 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5778 Telephone: (505) 846-8957 Fax: (505) 846-5152 Additional copies of this User's Guide and Technical information may also be requested from Orbital at: Orbital Suborbital Program - Mission Development Orbital Sciences Corporation Launch Systems Group 3380 S.