Constitutive Elements of Hunting Tourism in the Bačka Region (Vojvodina, Serbia)

Constitutive Elements of Hunting Tourism in the Bačka Region (Vojvodina, Serbia) Constitutive Elements of Hunting Tourism in the Bačka Region (Vojvodina, Serbia) Dragin, Aleksandra1 Introduction with Croatia (Slavonija and Baranja) from Hunting tourism is a complex phenome- Bačka Palanka in the south, parallel to the non, whose continuation is caused by dif- Danube, up to the state border with Hun- Abstract ferent factors, i.e. constitutive elements. gary forms western border of the Bačka re- The constitutive elements of hunting tour- Hunters’ Association of Vojvodina points gion. The north border of the Bačka region ism in the Bačka region are represented by out that hunting tourism is defined by spa- overlaps with the state border with Hunga- the following components: spatial, moti- tial, time and technical-technological and ry, from the village of Bački Breg in the west vational, technical-technological, organ- legal component. Furthermore, motiva- to the Tisa in the east. izational and employees, legal and time tional and organizational component are Hunting grounds on agricultural soil component. Spatial component deals with as well constitutive elements of hunting in the Bačka region are conceptualized as the position and basic features of hunt- tourism in the Bačka region. (Figure 1). open hunting grounds for breeding, protec- ing grounds (size, structure and capaci- tion and use of small and large game (hare, ty). Motivational component comprises pheasant, field partridge and doe deer). game species observed through their qual- One open hunting ground is established itative and quantitative aspects. Technical in each of the following15 municipalities in component is represented through sever- the Bačka region - Subotica, Kanjiža, Senta, al structures: hunting and tourism, hunting Sombor, Apatin, Kula, Mali Iđoš, Odžaci, and game breeding, hunting and protec- Vrbas, Bač, Bačka Palanka, Bački Petrov- tion, receptive and tourism, etc. Organi- ac, Žabalj, Titel, and Temerin. Two open zational and employees component is a hunting grounds are established in munic- complex system of different factors: users ipalities of Ada and Bačka Topola, whereas of hunting grounds, state bodies, comple- three hunting grounds are established in mentary values and contents bearers, and each of the following municipalities: Bečej, mediating agencies (primarily in propagan- Srbobran and Novi Sad, whereas Novi Sad da and sale of tourist arrangements). Legal and Sremski Karlovci municipalities share component refers to the legal and sub-le- one hunting ground. gal acts, statutes, the books of regulations Furthermore, eight fenced hunting which define the hunting tourism and grounds are established in the Bačka re- hunting issues. Time component manifests Figure 1 The constitutive elements of gion. Their basic purpose is intensive hunting tourism in the Bačka region in the season-bound nature of hunting and breeding, protection and use of large game the stay period of tourist hunters. The cited constitutive elements are the – deer and doe deer, wild boar and mou- Constitutional elements may be observed only stable basis for the existence and de- flon. One hunting ground is established on as both restricting and supporting factors velopment of hunting tourism resources in the territory of each of the following mu- of hunting tourism in Bačka. the Bačka region and their tourist market nicipalities: Subotica, Sombor, Apatin and offer. Odžaci, and two hunting grounds on the Key words: hunting tourism, constitutional territory of the municipality of Bač and elements, the Bačka region Spatial component Bačka Palanka, and one hunting ground The Bačka region is situated in southern for the territory of Novi Sad, Titel, Sremski part of Pannonian (Carpathian) plain and Karlovci, and Inđija municipalities. north-western part of the Autonomous There are seven hunting grounds situ- Province of Vojvodina, i.e. in north-western ated by fishing ponds in the municipali- part of Serbia. It occupies the area of 9.244 ties of Sombor, Apatin, Odžaci, Bač, Novi km2, between 45º16´ and 46º22´ of the north Sad, Žabalj, and Bečej on the territory of geographic latitude and 18º36´ and 20º37´of the Bačka region (Figure 2). the east geographic longitude. The east bor- When traffic communication is con- der of the Bačka region overlaps with the cerned, hunting grounds have high quality main flow of the Tisa (the border with the communication due to the road network of 1 Aleksandra Dragin Banat region) and stretches from the state public transport. The major access to the Faculty of Natural Science, Department border with Hungary to the mouth of the hunting grounds in the Bačka region is by for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Tisa into the Danube. The river Danube means of the following road lines: interna- Management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, forms the south border (the border with the tional highway E-75 (Belgrade-Novi Sad- Geographica Pannonica 09/2005 Pannonica Geographica 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Srem region). The part of the state border Subotica), Novi Sad-Bečej-Senta-Horgoš, 44 Aleksandra Dragin Figure 2 Hunting grounds in the Bačka region Open hunting grounds: 1 - “Subotička pеščаrа” (Subоticа), 2 - “Pаnоniја” (Bаčkа Tоpоlа), 3 - “Zаpаdnа Bаčkа” (Sоmbоr), 4 - “Krivаја” (Mаli Iđоš), 5 - “Kruškоvаc” (Аpаtin), 6 - “Vеliki bački kаnаl” (Kulа), 7 - “Lаlinskе livаdе” (Odžаci), 8 - “Kоviljаk” (Vrbаs), 9 - “Bоđаnski rit” (Bаč), 10 - “Pаlаnаčki rit” (Bаčkа Pаlаnkа), 11 - “Bаčkа” (Bаčki Pеtrоvаc), 12 - “Pоdunаvljе” (Futоg), 13 - “Nеоplаntа” (Nоvi Sаd), 14 - “Gоrnji Srеm” (Nоvi Sаd), 15 - “Dоrоškа” (Titеl), 16 - “Stаrа Tisа” (Žаbаlj), 17 - “Kаmеni Bunаr” (Tеmеrin), 18 - “Nаdаlj” (Nаdаlj), 19 - “Turiја” (Turiја), 20 - “Plаvšа” (Bаčkо Grаdištе), 21 - “Srеdnjа Bаčkа” (Srbоbrаn), 22 - “Bеčејski sаlаši” (Bеčеј), 23 - “Čik” (Bаčkо P. Sеlо), 24 - “Dоnji Rit” (Mоl), 25 - “Gоrnji Rit” (Аdа), 26 - “Sеnćanski sаlаši” (Sеntа), 27 - “Kаpеtаnski Rit” (Kаnjižа) Fenced hunting grounds: A - “Subotičke šume” (Subotica), B - “Kozara” (Sombor, Bački Monoštor), C - “Apatinski rit” (Apatin), D - “Kamarište” (Odžaci), E - “Ristovača” (Bač), F - “Plavna” (Bač), G - “Karađorđevo” (Bačka Palanka, Bač), H - “Koviljski rit” (Novi Sad, Titel, Semski Karlovci, Inđija) Hunting grounds by fishing ponds: I - “Kоlut” (Sоmbоr), II - “Svilојеvо” (Аpаtin), III - “Srpski Milеtić” (Odžаci), IV - “Mоstоngа” (Bаč), V - “Mаli Dunаv” (Nоvi Sаd), VI - “Jеgričkа” (Žаbаlj), VII - “D-Ribnjаk” (Bеčеј) Novi Sad-Srbobran-Bačka Topola, Suboti- the total area of 1,986,076 ha in Vojvodina due to the abundance of waterfowls (ducks ca, Novi Sad-Vrbas-Sombor-Bezdan, Novi Province, out of which 852,149 hа (40.90%) and geese) and other winged game, of high Sad-Odžaci-Sombor-Bački Breg and Novi are situated in the Bačka region. The size of significance for hunting tourism in the Sad-Bačka Palanka-Odžaci. These traffic open hunting grounds range from 121,781 Bačka region (Figure 5). lines are connected with local roads, en- hа (Western Bačka) to 121,781 hа (“Plavša”, Marshes, reed marshes and water areas abling direct access to hunting grounds. Lovački savez Vojvodine, 2000). in all hunting grounds in the Bačka region Within the hunting grounds, traffic is per- The major forest complexes stretch along (by fishing ponds, open and fenced hunt- formed on dirt roads. or near the Danube, whereas “Danube elite ing grounds) cover the area of 15,550.60 The Bačka region, a lowland region hunting grounds” (Kozara, Apatinski rit, ha (1,68% of the total area of the Bačka re- with fertile soil and favourable climate, Kamarište, Danube Hunting Area - Plavna, gion). has been transformed into an agricultur- Ristovača, Karađorđevo, and Koviljski rit) The capacity of tourist destination al district with intensive production. The cover the area of 40,188.60 hа (Figure 4). (tourist-ecological capacity) is represented largest hunting areas inhabited by the fol- The forests are primarily habitats of large by the maximum number of people present lowing wild game: roe deer, pheasant, hare, game.Hunting grounds are used for inten- on a certain location (in this case hunting partridge and quail are mostly to be found sive game breeding and shooting of high- ground or a part of the hunting ground) on agricultural soil (Figure 3). Various wa- value trophy game. without causing permanent damage or terfowls are found in swamps and reed Hunting grounds by fishing ponds rep- degradation to the location and without marshes. Hunters’ associations control resent the third specific tourist destination lessening the quality of recreational ex- 09/2005 Pannonica Geographica 45 Constitutive Elements of Hunting Tourism in the Bačka Region (Vojvodina, Serbia) Figure 3 Cadastre structure of open Figure 4 Cadastre structure of fenced Figure 5 Cadastre structure of hunting hunting grounds in the Bačka region hunting grounds in The Bačka region grounds by fishing ponds in the Bačka perience (Mathieson and Wall, in Јоvičić, stock of wild game in the hunting areas in Although the total population of roe 1998). Although the method for calculat- Vojvodina Province (Table 1). deer in spring records the increase, the ing the capacity of a certain destination Hare population has shown decreasing stock size is still small. The main reason type has not been established yet, the ca- tendency in the last five years. The main lies in inadequate professional control of pacity of a hunting ground could generally reasons for this condition are observed the game – disturbed balance between sex- be compared with the capacity of a nature through the increased hunt of hares (due to es, unfavourable age and trophy structure, park (15-70 visitors a day per ha, European the decrease in the number of pheasants), inadequate spring counting which leads to Commission (1994), in Jovičić, 1998). How- unfavourable climate conditions (abun- unrealistic shooting plans, etc. (Lovački ever, the main features of hunting tour- dance of rain during reproductive period, savez Vojvodine, 2000). Therefore, it is ism in the Bačka region are not manifest- the highest in the period 1982-2000), in- necessary to remove those negative ele- ed through large concentration of tourists tensive agriculture, etc.

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