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Internal Tribal Conflict in the Regency of Tanah Datar in the Reform Era

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Internal Tribal Conflict in the Regency of Tanah Datar in the Reform Era Yanti Mulia Roza: Internal Tribal Conflict in The Regency of Tanah Datar … ALFUAD JOURNAL, 5 (1), 2021, (73-85) (E-ISSN 2714-7606 P-ISSN 2614-4786 ) Available online at http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/alfuad Internal Tribal Conflict in The Regency of Tanah Datar in The Reform Era Yanti Mulia Roza Abstract: The purpose of this tribal research is to identify Institut Agama Islam Negeri batusangkar, patterns of internal conflict in Tanah Datar District, which is indonesia located in three sub-districts. The method used is qualitative Email: [email protected] descriptive analysis with historical and sociological approaches. The primary sources were interviews with indigenous groups; LKAAM, KAN (Kerapatan Adat Nagari), MTKAAM (High Council for Natural Density Minangkabau), chiefs of the two conflicting parties, chairman of the MUI, Alim Ulama in nagari, secondary sources; books, articles and journals. Data analysis using constant comparative analysis method (grounded theory research). In the reform era, the struggle for the title of sako is not only to get tribal heritage and dignity, but is influenced by political needs and prestige. Keywords: Conflict, Accommodation, Internal, Tribe INTRODUCTION traditional and religious activities did not The conflict between custom and change, because customs and religion are religion has been going on for a long time inherent in the life of the Minangkabau in West Sumatra, culminating in the return people. of three scholars from Makkah, namely This conflict and accommodation Haji Sumanik, Haji Miskin and Haji between traditional and religious groups Piobang who wanted to purify the resulted in a resolution, namely an teachings of Islam in Minangkabau, agreement known as the Basandi Syarak especially in Luhak nan Tuo. In 1803 the Customary Philosophy, Syarak Basandi ulema movement was welcomed by the Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) which became a Tuanku (religious leaders) in binder, unifying the adat and religion in Minangkabau, but was challenged by Minangkabau society. However, in traditional groups. At the same time, the actualization there are still conflicts Dutch colonialists used the penghulu between these two groups. In the post- (customary leaders) for their political independence period, conflicts with the interests, but although the Dutch politically government were added. One of the causes and economically controlled Minangkabau, of internal conflict in the Minangkabau 73 | Alfuad Volume 5 Number 1, June 202 1 , P a g e 73- 85 Yanti Mulia Roza: Internal Tribal Conflict in The Regency of Tanah Datar … community is regarding the distribution of and "Back to Surau". This discourse has inheritance, this conflict continues all the also resulted in conflicting perceptions time. The inheritance system to the between indigenous groups and the maternal line is difficult to change until government and religious groups with the now, this was once opposed by the cleric government. Returning to the nagari means Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau that the people of West Sumatra are during the 20th century Islamic renewal. returning to their efforts to activate the role The conflict continued until the New of local culture in the government system. Order era. One of the reasons was the Indigenous groups wish to maintain and enactment of Law Number 5 of 1979 preserve their respective regional customs concerning Village Administration, the so that they do not disappear from the lives smallest uniformity of government of the community and the younger throughout Indonesia in the form of a generation. This discourse also resulted in Village. According to the people of West horizontal conflicts between traditional Sumatra (West Sumatra) this system has institutions in West Sumatra in terms of eliminated the concept of nagari (the term technical approaches to the community. for the village in West Sumatra) as it has Religious groups demand the enforcement been used for a long time by the of Islamic law and eradicate immorality at Minangkabau people of West Sumatra. the provincial to district/city levels, is no The implementation of the village exception in Tanah Datar Regency. government system eliminates the cultural Therefore, local governments must values of ulayat (people) land by the respond to the wishes of these religious certification program. This has also drawn and customary groups. protests from the people of West Sumatra. Conflicts over heirloom titles and To accommodate traditional groups, the heirloom treasures continued at the tribal West Sumatra provincial government and Nagari levels in the Reformation Era. formed the LKAAM (Minangkabau The government accommodates Natural Customary Density Institution) indigenous peoples and religions by Ormas, Bundo Kanduang Ormas in every issuing Regional Regulations, appeals, and district and city. appeals to Governors and Regents or The enactment of the Regional Mayors relating to Islamic Shari'a rules Autonomy Law No. 22 of 1999. In 1999 and those relating to customs. Conflict the beginning of the Reformation, the between customary, religious and popular discourses were "Back to Nagari" government institutions occur at the 74 | Alfuad Volume 5 Number 1, June 202 1 , P a g e 73- 85 Yanti Mulia Roza: Internal Tribal Conflict in The Regency of Tanah Datar … district level. Happeninginternal tribal chronological characteristics of the period conflicts over the title of inheritance and government and conflict background inheritance. There were fundamental sustainable in West Sumatra. The changes as a result of the religious sociological approach is used to see the revolution, after the collapse of the New behavior of each community group in Order, there were regulatory changes social and religious interactions. Sociology during the 15 years of the is a special science to study social Reformation.This research focuses on aggregates and groups in institutional examining the conflict and accommodation organizations, as well as the factors and among ethnic groups in Tanah Datar consequences of changes in social Regency, West Sumatra. institutions and organizations.Peter Connoly, 2002: 271-172)]. METHOD Data collection is done by The method used in this research is looking directly at the social facts of the qualitative descriptive analysis based on community, namely religious social concepts and theories that are considered activities and ritualscustoms carried out by relevant [Sitting Abdurrahman. 1999: 3]. the community, both personally and in SWhile the description presented will be groups. Local government documents analyzed from the perspective of a number Tanah Datar district and West Sumatra of phenomena and patterns of conflict and Province which are used as primary data accommodation inter-agencyor group. The regarding the topics of this research form of the research is a case study, taking include: regional regulations, customary several cases that occurred at the district and religious agreements, interviews, as level and several cases at the nagari well as government documents, customary (village) level. approach; historical, documents petitihboth written and sociological. conflict study and unwritten (oral) from informants of accommodation between customs and traditional, religious leaders and former religion involving two institutionsmajor local government officials. While actors who play a role in implementing the secondary and supporting data were ABS-SBK philosophy. In interactionIn obtained from magazines, local and achieving their respective goals, there is national newspapers, wise words of adat often a conflict of perception and and religion, as well as contemporary accommodation often occurs. Historical diaries, books in the library of scientific approach used to understand the journals, articles and results of field 75 | Alfuad Volume 5 Number 1, June 202 1 , P a g e 73- 85 Yanti Mulia Roza: Internal Tribal Conflict in The Regency of Tanah Datar … observations. All data sources were was carried out using a constant obtained from in-depth interviews with comparative analysis method (grounded community leaders, traditional leaders, theory research). This analysis is carried religious leaders and the results of out on patterns and cases of conflict and readings, discussions and studies in the accommodation between custom and library. Researchers look at rituals in the religion The indicators that are used as community in accommodation between comparison materials are related to the customs, religion and government, field of leadership, regional policies, researcherssee some of the community's institutional and traditional life [Atho ceremonial activities directly. For example, Mudzhar, 2011]. traditional ceremonial customs, religious The data analysis procedure is as activities and activities carried out by the follows; data reduction, data presentation, Tanah Datar local government. Traditional conclusion drawing and data verification. activities such as ceremonial wedding Research This was done in Tanah Datar processions, forty days of babies being Regency West Sumatra Province. Tanah born, commemoration of Islamic holidays, Datar District . This research lasted for 1 batagak gala (inauguration of traditional year starting from December 2016 to heirloom titles) and ceremonies other March 2017. custom [Peter Connoly, 2002: 269]. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Among the sources of research Internal Tribal Conflict in Tanah Datar subjects in interviews, consisting of: First, Relevant studies include: First, indigenous groups;
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