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Copyright © 2014 Patrick James Schreiner All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2014 Patrick James Schreiner All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation, or instruction. PEOPLE AND PLACE: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE KINGDOM IN MATTHEW __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Patrick James Schreiner December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET PEOPLE AND PLACE: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE KINGDOM IN MATTHEW Patrick James Schreiner Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Jonathan T. Pennington (Chair) __________________________________________ Gregg R. Allison __________________________________________ Robert L. Plummer Date ______________________________ To Hannah, with whom I have made the vow of the “Shining Barrier” TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x PREFACE . xi Chapter Part 1: Space: The Final Frontier 1. THE ECLIPSE OF SPACE. 1 A Spatial Turn and Biblical Studies . 9 Thesis . 12 Outline of Argument . 17 2. THE PRESENCE OF JESUS AND THE SPATIAL KINGDOM . 20 Introduction . 20 Immanuel . 21 The Spatial Kingdom in Matthew . 28 Conclusion . 38 3. SPATIAL THEORY . 41 Spatial Theory . 41 Critical Spatiality . 52 Conclusion . 58 iv Chapter Page Part 2: Jesus vs. Beelzebul 4. LORD OF HEAVEN AND EARTH . 61 Introduction . 60 Beelzebul and the Baal Cycle . 65 Conclusion . 82 5. IF BY THE SPIRIT: THE SPIRIT, THE SPATIAL KINGDOM AND THE NEW EXODUS . 84 Exorcisms as Spatial and Body Oriented . 84 The Spirit in Matthew . 88 Excursus: Contesting the Devil in the Temptation . 97 Conclusion . 102 Part 3: World-Building with Words 6. SALT, LIGHT, DUST, AND FIELDS . 105 Introduction . 105 The Sermon on the Mount and Spatial Practice . 107 The Mission Discourse . 115 Parables of the Kingdom: The Field and Seed Parables of Jesus . 120 Conclusion . 136 7. THE MEEK COMMUNITY AND THE TEMPLE . 138 Introduction . 138 Community Discourse . 139 The Last Discourse and the Unfinished Temple . 144 Conclusion . 156 v Chapter Page Part 4: People, Presence, and Place 8. A NEW WORLD AND THE CHURCH . 158 Introduction . 158 Παλιγγενεσία and Resurrection . 158 Where Two or Three Are Gathered . 164 Conclusion . 172 9. THE KINGDOM AS THIRDSPACE . 173 Introduction . 173 Kingdom as Thirdspace . 178 Critical Spatiality: A Reflection . 182 Further Areas of Research . 185 Appendix 1. THE KINGDOM, THE BODY OF CHRIST, AND PLACE-MAKING . 187 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 207 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABD D. N. Freedman, ed., The Anchor Bible Dictionary ANF The Ante-Nicene Fathers ANTC Abingdon New Testament Commentaries BDAG Walter Bauer, Fredrick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and Wilber Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. BDF F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the NT BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BibInt Biblical Interpretation BSac Bibliotheca Sacra BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin BTCB Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly DJG Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels ExpT Expository Times ICC International Critical Commentary Int Interpretation JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCG Journal of Cultural Geography JPTS Journal of Pentecostal Theology Supplement JR Journal of Religion JSNTSup Journal for the Study of New Testament Supplement JSOT Journal for Study of the Old Testament vii LNTS Library of New Testament Studies L&N Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains LXX Septuagint NAC The New American Commentary NICNT The New International Commentary on the New Testament NovT Novum Testamentum NPNF The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers NTS New Testament Studies PNTC Pillar New Testament Commentary PL Patrologia Latina SBL Society of Biblical Literature SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SNTS Society of New Testament Studies TDNT Theological Dictionary of the New Testament TS Theological Studies TWNT Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament TynBul Tyndale Bulletin WBC Word Biblical Commentary viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. People and place in metaphors and similes of the kingdom . 33 2. Categories for understanding of space . 55 3. Positive and negative descriptions in the Beelzebul controversy . 81 4. Matthew’s discourses . 106 5. Kingdom of heaven as spatial and temporal . 182 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Prepositions preceding βασιλεία in Matthew . 29 2. Two themes in Matthew . 39 3. Three spaces existing simultaneously . 59 4. The spatial stages in the temptation . 99 5. Jesus’ presence pulling in heaven and earth . 165 6. Jesus’ body as microcosm of heaven and earth . 174 x PREFACE The idea to examine the space of the kingdom first entered my mind in a seminar on the kingdom of God with Mark Seifrid. As I read through the major works on the kingdom, I realized that the emphasis on the rule of God was at the expense of the spatial and person centered aspects of the kingdom. My supervisor, Jonathan Pennington, had already touched on this issue in his dissertation “Heaven and Earth in the Gospel of Matthew.” His project focused on why Matthew used the language of “heaven and earth” while I will spend more concentrated time on the implications of the spatial reality of the kingdom. In some ways this dissertation does not fit into a neat category. It is trans- disciplinary. Historical-critical exegetes may be frustrated with the number of philosophical concepts (and may detest the word “space” after it is over), while philosophers may be annoyed by the detailed exegesis. Systematic theology could not be avoided (not that I wanted to) as the implications of the incarnation and its relationship to anthropology have massive importance. Some sociological observations are interspersed through the work concerning social theories of space and exorcisms. The focus is on exegesis of Matthew, but philosophical, sociological, geographical, and systematic reflections are interspersed. The need for this type of cross-study is increasingly recognized as beneficial. The bifurcation and specialization in each field has produced numerous strengths, but a weakness is that scholars forget to reach out across the aisle. I want to thank my wife, Hannah, who patiently allowed me to work on the project. Jonathan Pennington read my chapters numerous times always providing helpful exegetical and structural suggestions. My father, Tom Schreiner, was regularly interacting with me on these ideas and helped improve the project in a variety of ways. I also need to xi thank Matthew Sleeman who pointed me to numerous works on spatial theory and noted some novice mistakes I made in spatial understanding. My committee had helpful feedback towards the end of the process. Adam Christian also read my manuscript with an editor’s eye and saved me from many errors. My prayer is that through this work one understands the Gospel of Matthew better, and thereby sees the face of God in Jesus Christ. The soundtrack for this dissertation ranges from my Spotify playlist of movie scores, to Arcade Fire, Vampire Weekend, Daft Punk, Youth Lagoon, Over the Rhine, Roman Candle, Mozart, The Apache Relay, First Aid Kit, Phosphorescent, Lord Huron and many others. Each of these artists provided much inspiration as I perspired at the keyboard. Lord Huron’s lyrics to their song “Ends of the Earth” are appropriate to my theme. Oh, there's a river that winds on forever I'm gonna see where it leads Oh, there's a mountain that no man has mounted I'm a gonna stand on the peak Out there's a land that time don't command Wanna be the first to arrive No time for ponderin' why I'm-a wanderin' On while we’re both still alive To the ends of the earth, would you follow me There's a world that was meant for our eyes to see To the ends of the earth, would you follow me If you won’t, I must say my goodbyes to thee. Patrick Schreiner Portland, Oregon December 2014 xii CHAPTER 1 THE ECLIPSE OF SPACE A 1562 second edition of the Geneva Bible famously rendered Matthew 5:9 as “Blessed are the placemakers.” Although it was an error, the mistake inadvertently points to an important idea–the reality of spatial themes in Matthew. 1 Spatial studies are gaining popularity across the disciplines, but scholarship regarding the kingdom has been prone to neglect the spatial dimension. Usually, studies on the kingdom.
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