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November 2003 Volume 15 Number 4 Thick-Billed Parrots Ppsittasitta in Mexico Scene by CLAUDIA MACIAS-CABALLERO, ERNESTO C

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November 2003 Volume 15 Number 4 Thick-Billed Parrots Ppsittasitta in Mexico Scene by CLAUDIA MACIAS-CABALLERO, ERNESTO C PsittaScene In this Issue: Thick-billed Parrots WPT Expedition - Peru November 2003 Volume 15 Number 4 Thick-billed Parrots PPsittasitta in Mexico Scene By CLAUDIA MACIAS-CABALLERO, ERNESTO C. ENKERLIN- Scene HOEFLICH and MIGUEL ANGEL CRUZ Editor The Thick-billed Parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) is globally threatened and conservationists have emphasized the need for its protection in the IUCN’s Global Rosemary Low, Parrot Action Plan. The species has long been considered endangered and is closely Glanmor House, Hayle, Cornwall, dependent on pine forests for food. Populations of the Thick-billed Parrot have TR27 4HB, UK declined markedly in Mexico mainly due to large scale felling of the pine forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The species has also been under stress from extensive trapping for the pet and aviculture trades. Thick-billed Parrot is not limited to virgin CONTENTS forest and can exist in selectively logged areas where suitable dead standing trees for Thick-billed Parrots in Mexico ....................2-4 nesting are available and trapping does not occur. While the parrots still persist in suitable numbers in the best remaining forested areas, all such areas will surely be The Barcelona bird market..............................5 cleared of their large trees in the near future unless conservation efforts continue and WPT Expedition an outstanding success ..6-10 prove to be successful (Snyder et al. 1999, Enkerlin et al. 2000). WPT Expeditions 2004 ................................11 After eight years of study (1995-2002), we landscapes to achieve conservation and The breeding colony of Burrowing have gained a better understanding of the sustainable development. Specific Parrots in Patagonia ................................12-13 biology and ecology of the species and of objectives include: Even the Parrot ........................................14-15 important features to consider plans for its • Continue the study of breeding biology PsittaNews ....................................................16 management and conservation. We have and habitat requirements for the species Comments on USA Parrot Trade Proposal ..17 achieved the protection of the most important nesting area for the species: through monitoring nesting effort and Sales items ....................................................18 Tutuaca Forest Reserve (Cebadillas de nesting success in known breeding areas WPT general info ..........................................19 Toasanachi). The old growth forests in • Document chick mortality causes Parrots in the wild ........................................20 Sierra Madre Occidental have suffered an immoderate tilling during more than 100 • Document the foraging ecology of the years up to a point where it is estimated species, as well as document the chicks’ that old growth forests have been reduced diet components during breeding season to less than 0.06% of their original •Participate in the screening of wild bird distribution (Lammertink et al 1996). diseases Therefore new conservation strategies have to be implemented, including improving • Document movements and site fidelity of the quality of life of local people, which some breeding pairs that have been reduces logging pressures and at the same translocated in the past two years within time provides real economic alternatives. the current breeding range • Continue the development of innovative, Goals and objectives community-based conservation Our goal addresses the broader framework mechanisms through ecological planning, of the Mexico Conservation Program. We sustainable forestry, and habitat Cover Picture By BILL KING use a practical, multiscale approach that conservation plans A wild Mitred Conure (Aratinga mitrata) includes species, ecosystems and having a go at a mango in the Mizque valley, •Integrate high quality biological Bolivia. It is a widespread, highly successful information in a general model framework parrot of the Andean foothills. for conservation, using charismatic flagship species Extensive trapping and trade from Bolivia has made this species a common pet parrot in Methods Europe and North America. The Mitred Conures and their relatives are among the most We have a research team located in the successful feral parrots now established in Sierra Madre Occidental. Field observation many rural areas around the world. was the primary technique of study. Status and distribution studies for the Thick-billed The World Parrot Trust does not necessarily endorse any Parrot involved on-the-ground surveys, views or statements made by contributors to PsittaScene. interviews and counts at roosts, especially It will of course consider articles or letters from any contributors on their merits. during the non-breeding season. We Anyone wishing to reprint any articles in full or in part monitored active nests in all nesting areas seen in this magazine needs permission from the author using climbing gear to verify their contents /photographer and must state that it was copied from and assess their reproductive stage. Once PsittaScene. the eggs were laid, we recorded the All contents © World Parrot Trust conditions inside the cavity and width and 2 ■ PsittaScene Volume 15, No 4, November 2003 length of the eggs. Each egg was individually marked with a number and colour in non-toxic paint. After a chick hatched, we recorded the weight, wing- chord length and feather conditions of the chick every 7 days in most cases, and at least every 15 days in remote nests. The relationship between nesting success and forest maturity was analyzed from several standpoints: sizes of nest trees, growth rates of young, feeding rates at nests correlated with stand characteristics, and sizes of foraging ranges of nesting birds. Health effects on nesting success were investigated by screening nestlings and older birds for diseases and parasites. Results and discussion As in previous years, before the nesting season started we fumigated almost 40 nest cavities to control parasitism and reduce The Thick-billed Parrot is not limited to virgin forest. Photo:Javier Cruz chick mortality. From July to October Bisaloachi was 2.4, the same as San translocated pairs remained each in their 2002, our field crew in Chihuahua Juanito’s. Madera’s nest success was new nesting site, selected a nesting cavity, monitored the Thick-billed Parrot nesting 85.7% with an average of 2.2 chick/nest. and successfully reared offspring (two season, documenting the parameters of Fledglings per nest for the 2002 season chicks). However the next season (2001), reproductive output of the species, the were the same as previous years’ (1.6), we monitored and radio-tracked those birds number of nests that had breeding activity similar parameters showed mean clutch and found out the birds came back to their during 2002 season, the annual productivity size, percentage of eggs hatched, and brood original breeding site, chose new nesting and success rates. size per nest (Monterrubio et al 2002). cavities and successfully nested. These Productivity and success Percentage of chicks that fledged was results lead us to think that translocation of lower than previous years average (70). We wild parrots from Mexico could be a We monitored 33 accessible nests cavities need to continue monitoring the breeding successful strategy for reestablishing the with eggs, 21 in Madera, 5 in Bisaloachi, 5 effort/productivity to document tendencies species in their original range in the United in San Juanito and 2 in Mesa de las for the species population. We also States. Efforts of reintroduction to the wild Guacamayas. However not all nests could determined mammal depredation as the have been unsuccessful, despite all the be monitored due to the snags’ weakness. main cause in chick’s mortality. money spent in different projects. APC has Information on reproductive variables was determined translocation of healthy obtained for 33 clutches in accessible nests Experimental Mexican populations into the U.S. could be (Table 1). Of these, 10 were total failures translocation the only way to re introduce the species and 23 were successful, for an overall into its original distribution range. success rate of 87%. Clutch size ranged Pair translocation was not possible during from one to six eggs; although most of the 2002 season mainly because the Thick- Food availability clutches (48.48%) had three eggs. Two and billed Parrots captured showed a weight four egg clutch represented 39.39%, one considered below the required to carry the Because of logistical limitations, no and six egg clutch with 12.12%. None of radio transmitters (380g). However we systematic sampling of pine seed the clutches had 5 eggs. This season 93 have conducted wild translocations in availability was carried out during the eggs were laid. The two nest cavities previous years, as potential strategy for study, although qualitative assessments of inspected at Mesa de las Guacamayas were bringing the Thick-billed Parrots back to food availability and foraging behaviour successful and showed an average of 3 Arizona and New Mexico, where they once were made on an irregular basis. During chicks per nest. None of the 5 nests in existed. We carried out in 2000 an 1995, 1997, 1998 and 2001, frequent parrot Bisaloachi failed, however one egg did not experimental translocation of two pairs flocks (a minimum of three a day) were hatch and one chick died of unknown from the southern-most nesting location to observed foraging on large emergent causes. The chick/nest
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