Night Stories Dem Titel „La Notte“ Schrieb

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Night Stories Dem Titel „La Notte“ Schrieb 2.K re bei Vivaldi, der gleich drei Konzerte mit und vielen anderen in vielfältigster Weise war, als er selbst wahrhaben wollte – ich Night Stories dem Titel „La notte“ schrieb. entfaltet wurde. brauche nur an die Behandlung der Chro­ matik zu erinnern –, und manche harmo­ eit jeher gibt es kaum ein Ausdrucksfeld Die Klassiker haben uns mit Nachtmu­ Das Nachtstück für Klavier wurde zum nische Feinheit von ihm entlieh, hat viel­ Sin der Musik wie auch in der Dichtung, siken für Ensemble versorgt, die eher dem allgemeinen Begriff erst durch die atmo­ leicht auch beim Komponieren des II. Aktes das von solch zeitlosem Reiz wäre wie die gemütvollen Serenadenton verbunden sphärisch zarten, filigranen Nocturnes des des Tristan an seinen großen Vorgänger Nacht mit ihren nächsten Verwandten, sind und weniger mit nächtlicher Stim­ irischen Pioniers John Field (1782–1832), gedacht. Andere Nocturnes, ich erinnere dem Traum und der Abend­ und Mor­ mung als mit Belebung der nächtlichen der damit tatsächlich ein neues Genre nur an die allgemein bekannte Nr. 3 der gendämmerung. Die Nacht hat immer Stille durch Musikanten zu tun haben: Jo­ begründete. Frédéric Chopin griff die Lisztschen Liebesträume, erreichten zwar etwas Besonderes, Geheimnisvolles, und seph Haydns acht Notturni mit solistischer Fieldsche Errungenschaft auf und führte eine große Popularität, jedoch niemals das es mutet absurd an, würde so nachhalti­ Lira organizzata, Boccherinis La musica das Nocturne mit 19 Beiträgen zu seinem Niveau Chopins. – Und wo und von wem DEUTSCH ge künstlerische Aufmerksamkeit dem Tag notturna delle strade di Madrid, Salieris Ar- unübertroffenen Höhepunkt. So schreibt auch immer Chopins Werke gespielt wer­ zuteil. Die Nacht symbolisiert die Welt auf monia per un tempio della notte, und na­ Bronisław von Požniak in seinen wegwei­ den: Ein Nocturne darf dabei nicht fehlen. der anderen Seite, jenseits der Reichweite türlich Mozarts populäre Nachtmusiken, senden Praktischen Anmerkungen für das Man kann mit ruhigem Gewissen sagen, unseres Alltagsbewusstseins und damit unter welchen die Kleine Nachtmusik am Studium der Chopin-Werke: „Eigentlich dass gerade diese Form die bekannteste auch jenseits der herkömmlichen Mittel berühmtesten geworden ist. kann man nur die ersten Nocturnes von der Chopinschen Schöpferkunst wurde.“ DEUTSCH der Beschreibung, zugänglich am ehesten ihm von der Form her als klassisch be­ der Poesie – und natürlich der Musik. Die orchestrale Huldigung an die Nacht zeichnen; denn allmählich sprengte er Die beiden hier vorgestellten Stücke fand ihre Fortsetzung bei den Romantikern diese Form. Die späteren Nocturnes haben Chopins, beide in melancholischem Moll, Die Nacht, Mond und Sterne, Träu­ in zum großen Teil programmatisch inspi­ formal meist nichts mehr mit den von Field repräsentieren die frühe Zeit in der Innig­ Höhe: 120 mm mereien werden mutmaßlich besungen, rierten Stücken von Mendelssohn, Glinka, ersonnenen Liebesduetten gemeinsam. Es keit des klar umrissenen ersten Nocturnes seit der Mensch musiziert. Instrumenta­ Berlioz, Liszt oder Raff; und in der späten sind oft die Schreie einer verwundeten (1832) und den machtvollen Spannungs­ le Nachtmusiken waren seit der Zeit des Romantik und den folgenden Stilepochen Seele oder Ausbrüche der Sehnsucht nach bogen des ausgereiften Meisters im 13. Barock in unterschiedlichster Form sehr hatte sich die Nacht als orchestrales Aus­ der verlorenen Heimat. Durch Chopin Nocturne (1841). Wir können anhand die­ beliebt. Eine besondere Rolle spielten die druckselement weithin etabliert, wie es wurde die Form der Nocturnes geradezu ser Musik leicht nachvollziehen, was Nico­ pastoral­feierlichen „Concerti per la notte in Werken zahlreicher Komponisten von eine Mode. Keiner der großen und kleinen las Slonimsky vorschwebte, der das Noc­ di natale“, also die Weihnachtskonzerte Saint­Saëns, Mussorgsky, Dvorˇák über Nachfahren Chopins erreichte jedoch die­ turne als typisch romantisches Genre „voll der Italiener wie Corelli, Torelli, Locatel­ Humperdinck, Mahler, Debussy, Sibelius, se Vollendung. Als eine Art von wundervol­ träumerischer Melodien, die in euphoni­ li, Manfredini oder Giuseppe Sammartini. bis hin zu Schönberg, Ives, Ravel, de Falla, ler Feinheit muss aber das Liebesduett im schen Harmonien gebettet sind“ beschrieb, Aber auch das mehr tondichterisch inspi­ Hindemith, Copland, Britten, Schostako­ II. Akt des Tristan genannt werden. Wag­ wenn er bemerkt: „Obgleich die Nocturnes rierte Element kam zum Zuge, insbesonde­ witsch sowie von Einem, Piazzolla, Henze ner, der von Chopin stärker beeindruckt Geschöpfe der Nacht sind, finden sich 2 3 98.037_TS|Booklet_© 2.indd 2-3 Breite: 121 mm Breite: 121 mm 28.02.14 09:25 dramatische Turbulenzen in den Mittel­ entfernt und nimmt vieles voraus, was bei mus, komponierte 13 Nocturnes, die von Pjotr Tschaikowskys Nocturne, ein An­ teilen mancher Chopinschen Nocturnes. Wagner seinen vollendeten Niederschlag der glühenden Romantik des 30­Jährigen dante cantabile in F­Dur op. 10 Nr. 1 von Schumann schrieb auch Nocturnes, jedoch finden sollte. Die drei Liebestraum­Noc­ bis zur Altersweisheit des Opus 119 (1921) 1871, ist in melodieselig ornamentierter, gab er ihnen, in Übereinstimmung mit dem turnes wurden 1850 publiziert und sind sein gesamtes Schaffen durchziehen und vollendeter Stilisierung mit einem fast bal­ überwiegend nationalistischen Gefühl der allesamt instrumentale Parallelfassungen neben den 13 Barcarolles den gewichtigs­ letthaft kontrastierenden Gegensatz „con Zeit, einen deutschen Namen: Nachtstück.“ von gleichzeitig erschienenen Liedern. ten Teil seines Klavierschaffens ausmachen. grazia e sentimento“ auszuführen – ein Mit Abstand am beliebtesten ist der dritte Zwar sind die ersten drei seiner Nocturnes Zeugnis höchst verfeinerter Genrekunst. Zwei Jahre bevor Schumann 1837 seine Liebestraum in As­Dur, eigentlich eine Ver­ als Opus 33 zusammengefasst, entstanden Russische Wurzeln begegnen französischer Nachtstücke op. 23 komponierte, findet tonung von Ferdinand Freiligraths O lieb, jedoch über einen Zeitraum von einem Lebensart – eine Haltung, die auch für sich bereits als Auftakt des zweiten Hefts so lang du lieben kannst. Es ist das so ein­ knappen Jahrzehnt verteilt. Das dritte Noc­ andere Nocturne­Schöpfungen russischer der populären Fantasiestücke op. 12 von fache wie suggestive Wechselspiel von in turne in As­Dur vom Mai 1883 spricht fein Meister prägend ist, sei es nun für Michail DEUTSCH 1837 in dunklem f­Moll das bewegte In der sich kreisender Melodik und teils einen ein­ nuanciert und schlank gesetzt in freundli­ Glinkas Nocturne La séparation, Alexander Nacht, welches ausdrücklich „mit Leiden­ zigen Ton umspinnender Harmonik, sowie cher Beschaulichkeit und wurde vom zehn Glasunovs Etüde La nuit oder auch Arthur schaft“ vorzutragen ist. Gemeinsam ist den die scheinbar virtuose Faktur, was diesem Jahre älteren Komponistenfreund Camille Louriés A Phoenix Park Nocturne. hier zu hörenden Nachtstücken Chopins Stück zu seinem anhaltenden Erfolg ver­ Saint­Saëns zur Uraufführung gebracht. Glinkas vom Trennungsschmerz durch­ und Schumanns, dass die kontrastierenden holfen hat. tränktes, in urtümlicher Einfachheit wal­ DEUTSCH Mittelteile in langsamerem oder zumindest Edvard Grieg, Norwegens überragen­ zerndes, in seinem dunklen slawischen Me­ zurückhaltenderem Tempo zu spielen sind. Offene Bekenntnisse zum Genre des der Komponist von Klavierminiaturen, los für Tschaikowsky richtungsweisendes, Freilich knüpft Schumann in seiner ver­ Nocturnes in der Nachfolge Chopins sind hat – wie vor ihm Mendelssohn mit den aus f­Moll kommend über einer höchst sponnenen, oftmals gespenstischen Fan­ die gleichnamigen Stücke von Pjotr Tschai­ „Liedern ohne Worte“ – seine eigenen, zu einprägsamen Gesangslinie sich aufbäu­ Höhe: 120 mm tastik an andere Geisteswelten an als der kowsky, Edvard Grieg, Gabriel Fauré, Ignaz äußerster Popularität gelangenden Gefilde mendes Nocturne von 1839 stand für die gleichaltrige Chopin, und der Titel der Paderewski und sogar, in seiner eigenarti­ eröffnet mit 66 Lyrischen Stücken, die er erstmals auf eigene Füße kommende rus­ „Nachtstücke“ bezieht sich auf die gleich­ gen Weise, Arthur Lourié. in regelmäßigen Abständen in insgesamt sische Musik. Auch Alexander Glasunovs namige Sammlung E.T.A. Hoffmanns. zehn Sammlungen von Opus 12 bis Opus bis auf die beruhigende Schlusswendung Gabriel Fauré, der introvertierte Meister 71 veröffentlichen ließ. Unter diesen findet mit durchgängigem Passagen­ und Figu­ Liszt mag sich in seinen drei Liebes­ der Erforschung modaler Wirkungen, der sich 1891 eines, welches die italienische renwerk glitzernder dritten seiner „Trois traum­Nocturnes vielleicht auch auf John introvertierten Welt der Unterquint­Ver­ Bezeichnung „Notturno“ trägt und von études“ von 1889–91 liegt ein Walzerme­ Field bezogen haben. Seine Sprache ist in wandtschaften und der sanft fließenden versonnen träumerischem Charakter ist, trum zugrunde, und auch hier wird eine ihrer mehr Stimmungen reflektierenden Umgehung allzu zielgerichteter Domi­ zugleich die für Grieg so bezeichnende unverkennbar slawische Melodie rundher­ als ein zusammenhängendes Drama ent­ nantkadenzierungen, zugleich diskreter naturhafte Frische ausstrahlt und in zwei um ausgekostet. Ein langsamerer Mittelteil fachenden Psychologie weit von Chopin Vorbote des französischen Impressionis­ mächtigen Wellen aufschäumt. bildet den Kon trast in der liedhaften Form 4 5 98.037_TS|Booklet_© 2.indd 4-5 Breite: 121 mm Breite: 121 mm 28.02.14 09:25 dieses wie
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