Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Uncle Tom´S Cabin By

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Uncle Tom´S Cabin By Isanilda Isanilda Conceição Ferreira Silva Soares Almeida by José Evaristo D’ Evaristo by José O O Escravo Isanilda Conceição Ferreira Silva Soares Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Fictions in Stereotypes Racial by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Stowe Beecher Harriet by Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Uncle Tom´s Cabin Uncle Tom´s Uncle Tom´s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and O Escravo by José Evaristo D’ Almeida Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Ingleses e Estudos Americanos, orientada pela Professora Doutora Maria Isabel Caldeira Sampaio dos Aidos, apresentada ao Departamento de Línguas, OIMBRA Literaturas e Culturas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra C E 2013 D NIVERSIDADE NIVERSIDADE U Faculdade de Letras Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and O Escravo by José Evaristo D’ Almeida Ficha Técnica: Tipo de trabalho Dissertação de Mestrado Título Racial Stereotypes in Fictions of Slavery: Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and O Escravo by José Evaristo D’Almeida Autora Isanilda Conceição Ferreira Silva Soares Orientadora Doutora Maria Isabel Carvalho Gomes Caldeira Sampaio dos Aidos Júri Presidente: Doutora Maria José Florentino Mendes Canelo Vogais: 1. Doutora Catarina Isabel Caldeira Martins 2. Doutora Maria Isabel Carvalho Gomes Caldeira Sampaio dos Aidos Identificação do Curso 2º Ciclo em Estudos Ingleses e Estudos Americanos Data da defesa 24-09-2013 Classificação 16 valores Table of Contents Epigraph……………………………………………………………………………...…iii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………....….iv Resumo………………………………………………………………………….….……v Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………….…..vii Notes on references and abbreviations………………………………………………...viii Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...…1 Chapter 1 Slavery in the United States of America: A historical and social overview…………..…3 Slavery in Cape Verde: A historical and social overview…………………………..….11 Stereotypes as the dominant strategy of colonial power………………………….……18 Chapter 2 Harriet Beecher Stowe………………………………………………………………….25 Historical context to Uncle Tom’s Cabin………………………………………………29 Stereotypes in Uncle Tom´s Cabin………………………………………………..……35 The representation of blacks, mestizos, and whites …………………………...….……58 i Chapter 3 José Evaristo D’Almeida…………………………………………………………….…67 Historical context to O Escravo …….…………………………………………………68 The origin of Cape Verdean society and the formation of Cape Verdean identity…….75 Stereotypes in O Escravo……………………………...……….………………………82 The representation of blacks, mestizos, and whites………...………………………..…91 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...……95 References……………………………………………………………………….……103 ii The starting-point of critical elaboration is the consciousness of what one really is, and is “knowing thyself” as a product of the historical process to date which has deposited in you an infinity of traces, without leaving an inventory. Antonio Gramsci As objects one’s reality is defined by others, one’s identity created by others, one’s history named only in ways that define one’s relationship to those who are subject. bell hooks iii Abstract Most stereotypes about Africans and their descendants started with colonialism in the fifteenth century. The encounter between Africans and Europeans facilitated the creation of myths and stereotypes about the colonized peoples, which were made effective through the naturalization of differences. The relationship between skin color and slavery developed to produce a racialized system of forced labor on which colonialism depended for its survival. Stereotypes functioned to legitimize colonial authority by building the notion that the colonizer ruled over the colonized because of an innate superiority. Therefore, stereotyping is an effective "discursive strategy" (Bhabha) based on fixity and repetition with the aim of controlling the other. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and José Evaristo D’Almeida O Escravo both denounced the evils of slavery in the United States of America and Cape Verde respectively, claiming for the end of the institution. However, they are both ambivalent towards slaves and blacks, being unable to envisage social equality for the two races. Both authors construct their black characters as stereotypical others, but they depict the light-skin characters as superior both culturally and physically. The bi- racial characters are portrayed as the ones who possess beauty and intelligence as an inheritance from their European ancestry, while blacks are relegated to the margins. We need to consider, however, that slavery in Cape Verde had different characteristics from its counterpart in the United States of America. In Cape Verde the Africans outnumbered the Europeans and that circumstance favored miscegenation and the emergence of forms of mixed culture, which came to be seen as positive and natural. In the United States of America miscegenation was regarded as a taboo since early. And even after Emancipation, “the one-drop rule” made the offspring of an African descendant black, however 'white' he or she might be. Keywords: slavery, stereotypes, otherness, miscegenation, racism, blacks, mestizo, whites, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, O Escravo, The United States of America, Cape Verde. iv Resumo A maioria dos estereótipos sobre os Africanos e os seus descendentes começou com o colonialismo no século XV. O encontro entre Africanos e Europeus facilitou a construção de mitos e estereótipos acerca dos povos colonizados, os quais foram eficazes através da naturalização das diferenças. A relação entre a cor da pele e a escravidão foi desenvolvida para criar um sistema racial de trabalho forçado do qual o colonialismo dependia para sobreviver. Os estereótipos funcionaram para legitimar a autoridade colonial através da concepção da noção de que o colonizador governava o colonizado por causa de uma superioridade inata. Portanto, os estereótipos constituem uma "estratégia discursiva" eficaz (Bhabha) com base na fixidez e repetição, com o intuito de controlar o outro. Ambos os romances Uncle Tom’s Cabin de Harriet Beecher Stowe e O Escravo de José Evaristo D’Almeida denunciaram os males da escravidão nos Estados Unidos da América e Cabo Verde respectivamente, reivindicando o fim da escravatura. No entanto, ambos são ambivalentes em relação aos escravos e negros, sendo incapazes de prever a igualdade social para as duas raças. Ambos os autores constroem as suas personagens de raça negra como o outro estereotipado, mas descrevem as personagens de pele clara como indivíduos superiores quer culturalmente e fisicamente. As personagens bi raciais são retratadas como aquelas que possuem beleza e inteligência como uma herança de sua ascendência europeia, enquanto os negros são marginalizados. Precisamos considerar, no entanto, que a escravatura em Cabo Verde tinha características diferentes da sua análoga nos Estados Unidos da América. Em Cabo Verde, os africanos excederam em número os europeus e essa circunstância favoreceu a miscigenação e o aparecimento de formas de cultura mista, que veio a ser encarado como algo positivo e natural. Nos Estados Unidos da América a miscigenação foi encarada como um tabu desde o início. E mesmo após a Emancipação, "the one drop rule" fez negra a prole de um descendente Africano, por mais 'branco' que ele ou ela pudessem ser. Palavras-Chave: escravatura, estereótipos, alteridade, miscigenação, racismo, negros, mestiços, brancos, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, O escravo, Estados Unidos da America, Cabo Verde. v For Adriano, I love you son! vi Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to my parents, brothers and husband for their unconditional love, unwavering support, continued encouragement, patience, and support. Word cannot explain my gratitude to my professor and supervisor, Maria Isabel Caldeira, whose inspiring seminars on African American literature, suggestions, academic and personal support will be forever remembered. I also extend my sincere gratitude to all my professors at the University of Coimbra: Adriana Bebiano, Ana Mendes, Maria Irene Ramalho, Teresa Tavares and Stephen Wilson. I am thankful to all my colleagues, especially Sifa Nur Yapici and Bernardino Tavares for their friendship and encouragement. Heartfelt thanks to all my close friends for their support, especially to Megan Pierce. In addition, I would also like to thank D. Dina Almeida, from Instituto de Estudos Norte-Americanos, for her support. vii Notes on references and abbreviations I have followed the MLA guide to referencing in this thesis. The following abbreviations are used in this thesis: UTC – Uncle Tom’s Cabin UTCI - Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Volume I UTCII - Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Volume II OE – O Escravo viii Introduction In this thesis I shall explore stereotypes in two novels: Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and O Escravo by José Evaristo D’Almeida. My main motivation in choosing novels on slavery has to do with a seminar I attended during my master’s course, but also stems from the fact that I found the study of African American literature very challenging. Fictions dealing with slavery call my attention because of my background as a Cape Verdean woman. Reading about the horrible effects of slavery in the United States of America has made me wonder about the nature of slavery in Cape Verde. My thesis focuses primarily on racial stereotypes (its causes and consequences) in O Escravo (1856) by José Evaristo D’Almeida and Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Both novels discuss the same theme: slavery and the
Recommended publications
  • Buffalo & Erie County Public Library
    The great American abolitionist, writer and Those enslaved TELLING THE STORY: orator Frederick suffered greatly during Douglass once the Middle Passage, or said, “Slavery is the transatlantic crossing, Enslavement great test question and upon arrival, endured unimaginable of African People of our age and Solomon Northup Twelve Years a Slave physical, cultural, and in the United States nation.” Now, 400 intellectual brutality years after the first by their enslavers. This inhumanity is well African people were Buffalo & Erie County documented in shipping records, bills of sale, Public Library captured, enslaved Slave Auction advertisements and personal and transported to Slave Ship Diagram accounts of the the United States, the enslaved. repercussions of this horrific practice remain with us today. This Library exhibit highlights its Supporters of History of Slavery Collection slavery were and, perhaps more typically enslavers ambitiously, to provoke themselves. community conversations Early arguments for slavery were about our country’s Notice of Slave Auction history of enslavement simplistic and merely and its continuing to defend against On display through July 2020 attacks made against the aftermath. practice. Later arguments Downtown Central Library or rationalizations were From antiquity to 1 Lafayette Square protective, religious and modern day, enslavement has existed racist. Slavery was an Grosvenor Room in one form or another. Institutionalized institution of power and Rare Book Display Room slavery—mostly for the powerful people who Ring of Knowledge agricultural labor— protected it to protect Main floor thrived in the American their own profits. English colonies and was central to the Protections for slavery Buffalo & Erie County Public development and were embedded in Cotton is King and Olaudah Equiano - economic growth of America’s founding , The Life of Olaudah Equiano Pro-Slavery Arguments LIBRARYwww.BuffaloLib.org the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the HBSC Collection
    Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center’s Collections Finding Aid To schedule a research appointment, please call the Collections Manager at 860.522.9258 ext. 313 or email [email protected] Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Stowe Center's Collection Note: See end of document for manuscript type definitions. Manuscript type & Recipient Title Date Place length Collection Summary Other Information [Stowe's first known letter] Ten year-old Harriet Beecher writes to her older brother Edward attending Yale. She would like to see "my little sister Isabella". Foote family news. Talks of spending the Nutplains summer at Nutplains. Asks him to write back. Loose signatures of Beecher, Edward (1803-1895) 1822 March 14 [Guilford, CT] ALS, 1 pp. Acquisitions Lyman Beecher and HBS. Album which belonged to HBS; marbelized paper with red leather spine. First written page inscribed: Your Affectionate Father Lyman At end, 1 1/2-page mss of a 28 verse, seven Beecher Sufficient to the day is the evil thereof. Hartford Aug 24, stanza poem, composed by Mrs. Stowe, 1840". Pages 2 and 3 include a poem. There follow 65 mss entitled " Who shall not fear thee oh Lord". poems, original and quotes, and prose from relatives and friends, This poem seems never to have been Katharine S. including HBS's teacher at Miss Pierece's school in Litchfield, CT, published. [Pub. in The Hartford Courant Autograph Bound mss, 74 Day, Bound John Brace. Also two poems of Mrs. Hemans, copied in HBS's Sunday Magazine, Sept., 1960].Several album 1824-1844 Hartford, CT pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Uncle Tom
    1 THE END OF UNCLE TOM A woman, her body ripped vertically in half, introduces The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven from 1995 (figs.3 and 4), while a visual narra- tive with both life and death at stake undulates beyond the accusatory gesture of her pointed finger. An adult man raises his hands to the sky, begging for deliverance, and delivers a baby. A second man, obese and legless, stabs one child with his sword while joined at the pelvis with another. A trio of children play a dangerous game that involves a hatchet, a chopping block, a sharp stick, and a bucket. One child has left the group and is making her way, with rhythmic defecation, toward three adult women who are naked to the waist and nursing each other. A baby girl falls from the lap of one woman while reaching for her breast. With its references to scatology, infanticide, sodomy, pedophilia, and child neglect, this tableau is a troubling tribute to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the sentimental, antislavery novel written in 1852. It is clearly not a straightfor- ward illustration, yet the title and explicit references to racialized and sexualized violence on an antebellum plantation leave little doubt that there is a significant relationship between the two works. Cut from black paper and adhered to white gallery walls, this scene is composed of figures set within a landscape and depicted in silhouette. The medium is particularly apt for this work, and for Walker’s project more broadly, for a number of reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Slavery in America - Student Success Day
    9/22/20 History of Slavery in America - Student Success Day 1619 or 1776? Presented by Chris Stout Sep 22, 2020 11:00 AM 1 A Global Enterprise • All Western European nations participated in the African slave trade. • The slave trade was dominated by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, the Dutch in the sugar boom of the seventeenth century, and the English who entered the trade in the seventeenth century. • Over 10 – 12 million slaves between 1700 – 1800 • Majority were between the age of 15 and 30 • New England slavers entered the trade in the eighteenth century. • Newport RI, more than 100K slaves carried in the 18th century • Collaboration between American, European, and Africans enabled the trade http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0geOQ25Pyw 2 2 1 9/22/20 MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America. 3 3 The Tobacco Colonies https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=DSDek9M • Tobacco was the most important -hSk commodity produced in eighteenth century North America, accounting for 25% of the value of all colonial exports. • Slavery allowed the expansion of tobacco production since it was labor- intensive. • Using slave labor, tobacco was grown on large plantations and small farms. • The slave population in this region grew largely by natural increase. 4 4 2 9/22/20 FIGURE 4.3 Value of Colonial Exports by Region, Annual Average, 1768–72 With tobacco, rice, grain, and indigo, the Chesapeake and Lower South accounted for nearly two-thirds of colonial exports in the late eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries
    History in the Making Volume 1 Article 7 2008 A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries Adam D. Wilsey CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Wilsey, Adam D. (2008) "A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries," History in the Making: Vol. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol1/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arthur E. Nelson University Archives at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 78 CSUSB Journal of History A Study of West African Slave Resistance from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries Adam D. Wiltsey Linschoten, South and West Africa, Copper engraving (Amsterdam, 1596.) Accompanying the dawn of the twenty‐first century, there has emerged a new era of historical thinking that has created the need to reexamine the history of slavery and slave resistance. Slavery has become a controversial topic that historians and scholars throughout the world are reevaluating. In this modern period, which is finally beginning to honor the ideas and ideals of equality, slavery is the black mark of our past; and the task now lies History in the Making 79 before the world to derive a better understanding of slavery. In order to better understand slavery, it is crucial to have a more acute awareness of those that endured it.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction R. J. Ellis One of the most influential books ever written, Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly was also one of the most popular in the nineteenth century. Stowe wrote her novel in order to advance the anti-slavery cause in the ante-bellum USA, and rooted her attempt to do this in a ‘moral suasionist’ approach — one designed to persuade her US American compatriots by appealing to their God-given sense of morality. This led to some criticism from immediate abolitionists — who wished to see slavery abolished immediately rather than rely upon [per]suasion. Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published in 1852 as a serial in the abolitionist newspaper National Era . It was then printed in two volumes in Boston by John P. Jewett and Company later in 1852 (with illustrations by Hammatt Billings). The first printing of five thousand copies was exhausted in a few days. Title page, with illustration by Hammatt Billings, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Vol. 1, Boston, John P. Jewett and Co., 1852 During 1852 several reissues were printed from the plates of the first edition; each reprinting also appearing in two volumes, with the addition of the words ‘Tenth’ to ‘One Hundred and Twentieth Thousand’ on the title page, to distinguish between each successive re-issue. Later reprintings of the two-volume original carried even higher numbers. These reprints appeared in various bindings — some editions being quite lavishly bound. One-volume versions also appeared that same year — most of these being pirated editions. From the start the book attracted enormous attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Words Lead to War?
    Middle School Uncle Tom’s Cabin Inquiry Can Words Lead to War? Full-page illustration from first edition Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Hammatt Billings. Available in Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture. Supporting Questions 1. How did Harriet Beecher Stowe describe slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 2. What led Harriet Beecher Stowe to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 3. How did northerners and southerners react to Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 4. How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin affect abolitionism? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 Middle School Uncle Tom’s Cabin Inquiry Can Words Lead to War? Framework for Summary Objective 12: Students will understand the growth of the abolitionist movement in the Teaching American 1830s and the Southern view of the movement as a physical, economic and political threat. Slavery Consider the power of words and examine a video of students using words to try to bring about Staging the Question positive change. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Supporting Question 4 How did Harriet Beecher What led Harriet Beecher How did people in the How did Uncle Tom’s Stowe describe slavery in Stowe to write Uncle North and South react to Cabin affect abolitionism? Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Tom’s Cabin? Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Formative Formative Formative Formative Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Complete a source analysis List four quotes from the Make a T-chart comparing Participate in a structured chart to write a summary sources that point to the viewpoints expressed discussion regarding the of Uncle Tom’s Cabin that Stowe’s motivation and in northern and southern impact Uncle Tom’s Cabin includes main ideas and write a paragraph newspaper reviews of had on abolitionism.
    [Show full text]
  • From African to African American: the Creolization of African Culture
    From African to African American: The Creolization of African Culture Melvin A. Obey Community Services So long So far away Is Africa Not even memories alive Save those that songs Beat back into the blood... Beat out of blood with words sad-sung In strange un-Negro tongue So long So far away Is Africa -Langston Hughes, Free in a White Society INTRODUCTION When I started working in HISD’s Community Services my first assignment was working with inner city students that came to us straight from TYC (Texas Youth Commission). Many of these young secondary students had committed serious crimes, but at that time they were not treated as adults in the courts. Teaching these young students was a rewarding and enriching experience. You really had to be up close and personal with these students when dealing with emotional problems that would arise each day. Problems of anguish, sadness, low self-esteem, disappointment, loneliness, and of not being wanted or loved, were always present. The teacher had to administer to all of these needs, and in so doing got to know and understand the students. Each personality had to be addressed individually. Many of these students came from one parent homes, where the parent had to work and the student went unsupervised most of the time. In many instances, students were the victims of circumstances beyond their control, the problems of their homes and communities spilled over into academics. The teachers have to do all they can to advise and console, without getting involved to the extent that they lose their effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncle Tom's Cabin Lesson Plan
    Uncle Tom's Cabin Lesson Plan BY THE CIVIL WAR TRUST Grades: 6-8 Approximate Length of Time: 3-4 class days (without the time it takes to read Uncle Tom’s Cabin ) Goals: 1. To understand public attitudes towards African Americans and towards slavery at the time of Uncle Tom's Cabin . 2. To understand how abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe used Uncle Tom's Cabin to sway public opinion. 3. To understand why the Fugitive Slave Act became one of the turning points in the relations between the North and the South that ultimately led to war. Objectives: 1. Students will be able to read a historical novel or excerpt and answer 4 related questions with 80% accuracy. 2. Using a news article or website, students will make a 3-5 minute oral presentation to their peers about a current issue and how this issue relates to the historical issue being discussed. 3. Students will write a single paragraph in which they take on the perspective of a historical figure and develop any argument this person might have made regarding the issue being discussed. 4. Students will analyze a historical image and answer 3-5 related questions. 5. Students will participate in a readers' theater from a historical novel and answer 3-5 related questions. Materials Used: 1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book Version 2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Audio Version 3. Illustration A Slave Auction at the South Anticipatory Set/Hook: Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published March 20, 1852. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which required the citizens in Northern states to return escaped slaves to the South.
    [Show full text]
  • Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage
    Lesson 3 Museum Connection: Labor and the Black Experience Lesson Title: Triangular Trade Purpose: In this lesson students will read individually for information in order to examine the history of the Atlantic slave trade. In cooperative groups, they will analyze primary and secondary documents in order to determine the costs and benefits of the slave trade to the nations and peoples involved. As an individual assessment, students will write and deliver a speech by a member of the British Parliament who wished to abolish the slave trade. Grade Level and Content Area: Middle, Social Studies Time Frame: 3-5 class periods Correlation to State Social Studies Standards: WH 3.10.12.4 Describe the origins of the transatlantic African slave trade and the consequences for Africa, America, and Europe, such as triangular trade and the Middle Passage. GEO 4.3.8.8 Describe how cooperation and conflict contribute to political, economic, geographic, and cultural divisions of Earth’s surface. ECON 5.1.8.2 Analyze opportunity costs and trade-offs in business, government, and personal decision-making. ECON 5.1.8.3 Analyze the relationship between the availability of natural, capital, and human resources, and the production of goods and services now and in the past. Social Studies: Maryland College and Career Ready Standards 3.C.1.a (Grade 6) Explain how the development of transportation and communication networks influenced the movement of people, goods, and ideas from place to place, such as trade routes in Africa, Asia and Europe, and the spread of Islam. 4.A.1.a (Grade 6) Identify the costs, including opportunity cost, and the benefits of economic decisions made by individuals and groups, including governments in early world history, such as the decision to engage in trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories Matter: the Complexity of Cultural Authenticity in Children's Literature (Pp
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 480 339 CS 512 399 AUTHOR Fox, Dana L., Ed.; Short, Kathy G., Ed. TITLE Stories Matter: The Complexity of CulturalAuthenticity in Children's Literature. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana,IL. ISBN ISBN-0-8141-4744-5 PUB DATE 2003-00-00 NOTE 345p. AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers ofEnglish, 1111 W. Kenyon Road, Urbana,.IL 61801-1096 (Stock no. 47445: $26.95members; $35.95 nonmembers). Tel: 800-369-6283 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.ncte.org. PUB TYPE Books (010).-- Collected Works General (020) -- Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Childrens Literature; *Cultural Context; ElementaryEducation; *Literary Criticism; *Multicultural Literature;Picture Books; Political Correctness; Story Telling IDENTIFIERS Trade Books ABSTRACT The controversial issue of cultural authenticity inchildren's literature resurfaces continually, always elicitingstrong emotions and a wide range of perspectives. This collection explores thecomplexity of this issue by highlighting important historical events, current debates, andnew questions and critiques. Articles in the collection are grouped under fivedifferent parts. Under Part I, The Sociopolitical Contexts of Cultural Authenticity, are the following articles: (1) "The Complexity of Cultural Authenticity in Children's Literature:Why the Debates Really Matter" (Kathy G. Short and Dana L. Fox); and (2)"Reframing the Debate about Cultural Authenticity" (Rudine Sims Bishop). Under Part II,The Perspectives of Authors,
    [Show full text]
  • Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Erich Poncza The Impact of American Minstrelsy on Blackface in Europe Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. 2017 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature 1 I would like to thank my supervisor Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. for his guidance and help in the process of writing my bachelor´s theses. 2 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………..………....……5 1. Stereotyping………………………………………..…….………………..………….6 2. Origins of Blackface………………………………………………….…….……….10 3. Blackface Caricatures……………………………………………………………….13 Sambo………………………………………………………….………………14 Coon…………………………………………………………………….……..15 Pickaninny……………………………………………………………………..17 Jezebel…………………………………………………………………………18 Savage…………………………………………………………………………22 Brute……………………………………………………….………........……22 4. European Blackface and Stereotypes…………………………..……….….……....26 Minstrelsy in England…………………………………………………………28 Imagery………………………………………………………………………..31 Blackface………………………………………………………..…………….36 Czech Blackface……………………………………………………………….40 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….44 Images…………………………………………………………………………………46 Works Cited………………………………………………………………….………..52 Summary………………………………………………………….……………………59 Resumé……………………………………………………………………..………….60 3 Introduction Blackface is a practice that involves people, mostly white, painting their faces
    [Show full text]