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Correlation Between Jejunal Microbial Diversity and Muscle Fatty Acids

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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Correlation between Jejunal Microbial Diversity and Muscle Fatty Acids Deposition in Broilers Received: 24 April 2019 Accepted: 12 July 2019 Reared at Diferent Ambient Published: xx xx xxxx Temperatures Xing Li1, Zhenhui Cao1, Yuting Yang1, Liang Chen2, Jianping Liu3, Qiuye Lin4, Yingying Qiao1, Zhiyong Zhao5, Qingcong An1, Chunyong Zhang1, Qihua Li1, Qiaoping Ji6, Hongfu Zhang2 & Hongbin Pan1 Temperature, which is an important environmental factor in broiler farming, can signifcantly infuence the deposition of fatty acids in muscle. 300 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium and low temperatures (HJ, MJ and LJ), respectively. Breast muscle and jejunal chyme samples were collected and subjected to analyses of fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Through spearman’s rank correlation coefcient, the data were used to characterize the correlation between jejunal microbial diversity and muscle fatty acid deposition in the broilers. The results showed that Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Petrobacter and Variovorax were signifcantly enriched in the MJ group, and all of them were positively correlated with the fatty acid profling of muscle and multiple lipid metabolism signaling pathways. Lactobacillus was signifcantly enriched in the HJ group and exhibited a positive correlation with fatty acid deposition. Pyramidobacter, Dialister, Bacteroides and Selenomonas were signifcantly enriched in the LJ group and displayed negative correlation with fatty acid deposition. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the jejunal microfora manifested considerable changes at high and low ambient temperatures and that jejunal microbiota changes were correlated with fatty acid deposition of muscle in broilers. Poultry are important protein sources in human diet and hence they are of enormous economic value. Te close symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota is crucial in sustaining host health1. Te gut microbi- ota help beneft host health through participating in nutrients and energy metabolism, regulating host well-being, and promoting innate and acquired immunity2–6. For example, germ-free (GF) C57BL/6J mice consuming a diet high in fat had elevated fecal lipid levels compared with conventional mice7. Conventionalized GF zebra fsh displayed greater uptake of long- and short-chain fatty acid in the intestinal epithelium under fasted and fed conditions8. In addition, decreased lymphatic lipids level was ameliorated in antibiotic-treated rats afer fat challenge9. A recent study addressed the role of the jejunal microbiome in regulating dietary fat digestion and absorption in a mouse model10. A critical role for this microbial community in transducing dietary signals to the host was illustrated to adapt its digestive and absorptive capacity to the dietary fat availability. Tese above 1Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. 4College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. 5Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650201, China. 6Yunnan Mudao Biology Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, China. Xing Li, Zhenhui Cao and Yuting Yang contributed equally. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.Z. (email: [email protected]) or H.P. (email: [email protected]) SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | (2019) 9:11022 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47323-0 1 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports Item HJ MJ LJ P-value AB A B C14:0 (C14H28O2) 1.79 ± 0.90 2.43 ± 1.29 1.46 ± 1.08 0.018 C14:1 (C14H26O2) 0.58 ± 0.30 0.63 ± 0.38 0.13 ± 0.13 0.084 C15:0 (C15H30O2) 0.27 ± 0.24 0.48 ± 0.26 0.16 ± 0.17 0.766 AB A B C16:0 (C16H32O2) 67.03 ± 24.62 127.37 ± 72.59 54.63 ± 18.58 0.011 A A B C16:1 (C16H30O2) 19.83 ± 12.70 25.19 ± 17.89 7.78 ± 3.74 0.002 b ab a C17:0 (C17H34O2) 0.09 ± 0.21 0.74 ± 0.42 0.27 ± 0.28 0.021 b a b C18:0 (C18H36O2) 26.17 ± 12.15 45.10 ± 22.64 29.86 ± 15.09 0.019 ab a b C18:ln9c (C18H34O2) 101.32 ± 66.10 149.39 ± 100.93 64.16 ± 23.32 0.059 b a b C18:2n6c (C18H32O2) 48.13 ± 15.90 96.86 ± 55.11 46.74 ± 17.96 0.02 C20:0 (C20H40O2) 0.21 ± 0.28 0.40 ± 0.35 0.26 ± 0.22 0.057 b a b C18:3n6 (C18H30O2) 0.83 ± 0.65 1.20 ± 0.62 0.44 ± 0.39 0.033 AB A B C20:1 (C20H38O2) 2.74 ± 1.72 3.73 ± 2.36 1.53 ± 0.61 0.01 ab a b C18:3n3 (C18H30O2) 1.04 ± 0.41 1.55 ± 0.85 0.85 ± 0.23 0.047 Bb Aa Bc C20:2 (C20H36O2) 1.45 ± 0.53 2.42 ± 1.03 1.08 ± 0.34 <0.001 B A B C20:3n6 (C20H34O2) 3.63 ± 0.99 5.93 ± 1.99 2.85 ± 0.78 <0.001 B A B C20:3n3 (C20H36O6) 10.32 ± 2.48 22.73 ± 8.91 10.42 ± 2.50 <0.001 B A B C22:6n3 (C22H32O2) 1.21 ± 1.18 3.55 ± 1.46 2.10 ± 0.68 0.006 Total SFA 114.92 ± 63.91 176.54 ± 96.77 105.64 ± 70.82 0.17 Total PUFA 64.35 ± 20.38B 134.86 ± 67.68A 64.11 ± 23.03B 0.003 Total MUFA 125.28 ± 83.03ab 178.82 ± 121.67a 73.62 ± 27.32b 0.044 PUFA:SFA ratio 0.71 ± 0.03 0.79 ± 0.05 0.76 ± 0.10 0.056 n-3 PUFA 12.80 ± 4.24B 27.92 ± 11.10A 13.45 ± 3.91B <0.001 n-6 PUFA 52.03 ± 17.03B 103.99 ± 57.60A 49.83 ± 18.72B 0.003 n-6:n-3 ratio 4.70 ± 0.80 3.58 ± 1.00 4.67 ± 2.01 0.14 Table 1. Efects of High and Low Ambient Temperatures on Fatty Acids in Broilers Muscle. A,BMeans in the same row with diferent superscripts are signifcantly diferent. (P < 0.01); a,bMeans in the same row with diferent superscripts are signifcantly diferent. (P < 0.05); n = 8 per treatment group; SFA - saturated fatty acid, PUFA - polyunsaturated fatty acid, MUFA - monounsaturated fatty acid. fndings demonstrated that the microbiome in jejunum may be a highly relevant target in our eforts to solve the problems associated with fat deposition. Environment and management related stresses become more severe under intensive poultry farming condi- tions where selection of birds with higher production performance and better feed conversion efciency makes them more vulnerable to heat stress and necessitates careful management and preventive steps to decrease pos- sible loss11,12. Signifcant shifs in proportions of fecal microbial population were seen on mice when maintained under the cold environment with higher ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes13. Tese studies suggest that changes in gut microbiome diversity and/or richness at varied environment temperatures have shown to be associated with fat acid deposition. However, little is known about underlying mechanism that gut microbiota regulate the fatty acid metabolism in broilers at diferent environmental temperatures. Tus, this study aims to explore the links of microbial diversity and fatty acid composition in broilers raised at diferent ambient temperatures, thereby providing experimental evidence to understand on how environmental temperatures afect the health and growth performance of broilers via modulation of intestinal microbiota. Results Fatty acid deposition in breast muscle. As shown in Table 1, the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, C18:0, C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C20:2, C20:3n6, C20:3n3 and C22:6n3 in breast muscle of the MJ group were signifcantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in both HJ and LJ groups. Lower mono- unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), C16:1, C16:1, C18:ln9c, C20:1 and C18:3n3 of breast muscle in LJ group were observed (P < 0.05) compared with the MJ group. As such, both high and low temperature treatments afected fatty acid composition in breast muscle. Analysis of microbial diversity. In total, 1,926,570 clean reads were generated from the 36 jejunal sam- ples, which yielded an average of 53,515 clean reads (35,237–64,441) per sample and an average length of 422 bp clean reads. To minimize the efect of the sequencing depth on the measurement of microbial compositions, the library size was rarefed to 32,296 reads per sample using the QIIME pipeline (Supplementary Table S3). With the sequence similarity of at least 97%, 943, 885 and 1123 OTUs were obtained from HJ, MJ and LJ groups and the proportion of core microbiota in the jejunal contents of broilers was 50%, 53% and 42%, respectively (Fig. 1). Te diversity indices were calculated based on the OTUs of each library (Supplementary Table S4). As shown in Fig. 2, the index of chao1, observed species and PD whole tree in the LJ group were signifcantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the MJ group; the LJ group had the highest indices of Shannon and Simpson (P < 0.05). In comparison, there were no signifcant diferences in diversity indicators between the HJ group and MJ or LJ group except that SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | (2019) 9:11022 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47323-0 2 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports Figure 1.
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    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Isolation and Diversity of Sediment Bacteria in the 2 Hypersaline Aiding Lake, China 3 4 Tong-Wei Guan, Yi-Jin Lin, Meng-Ying Ou, Ke-Bao Chen 5 6 7 Institute of Microbiology, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China. 8 9 Author for correspondence: 10 Tong-Wei Guan 11 Tel/Fax: +86 028 87720552 12 E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 29 Abstract A total of 343 bacteria from sediment samples of Aiding Lake, China, were isolated using 30 nine different media with 5% or 15% (w/v) NaCl. The number of species and genera of bacteria recovered 31 from the different media significantly varied, indicating the need to optimize the isolation conditions. 32 The results showed an unexpected level of bacterial diversity, with four phyla (Firmicutes, 33 Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Rhodothermaeota), fourteen orders (Actinopolysporales, 34 Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Balneolales, Chromatiales, Glycomycetales, Jiangellales, Micrococcales, 35 Micromonosporales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudonocardiales, Rhizobiales, Streptomycetales, and 36 Streptosporangiales), including 17 families, 41 genera, and 71 species.
  • Oryzicola Mucosus Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a Novel Slime Producing Bacterium Belonging to the Family Phyllobacteriaceae Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Rice Plants

    Oryzicola Mucosus Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a Novel Slime Producing Bacterium Belonging to the Family Phyllobacteriaceae Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Rice Plants

    Oryzicola mucosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Slime Producing Bacterium Belonging to the Family Phyllobacteriaceae Isolated From the Rhizosphere of Rice Plants Geeta Chhetri Dongguk University-Seoul Jiyoun Kim Dongguk University-Seoul Inhyup Kim Dongguk University-Seoul Minchung Kang Dongguk University-Seoul Yoonseop So Dongguk University-Seoul Taegun Seo ( [email protected] ) Dongguk Univesity https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-2806 Research Article Keywords: Oryzicola mucosus, Phytohormone, Indole acetic acid, slime, carotenoid Posted Date: June 3rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-489985/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract A novel Gram-stain negative, asporogenous, slimy, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium was isolated from the root samples collected from rice eld located in Ilsan, South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of the bacterium revealed a close proximity to Tianweitania sediminis Z8T (96.5%) followed by genera Mesorhizobium (96.4-95.6%), Aquabacterium (95.9-95.7%), Rhizobium (95.8%) and Ochrobactrum (95.6%). Strain ROOL2T produced white slime on R2A agar plates and grew optimally at 30℃ in the presence of 1-6% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major cellular fatty acids were C18 :1ω7c, summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). The polar lipid prole consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentied aminolipid and two unidentied lipids.