The Cerebrum

Eirik Krager 4/6 MD 22.10.18

The Cerebral Lobes - Frontal Lobe

- Prefrontal cortex - Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s area - “Broken Boca” - Boca = mouth in spanish - Brodmann area 44 - Precentral gyrus - Primary motor cortex

Parietal Lobe

- Postcentral gyrus - Primary association sensory cortex - Brodmann area 3,1, and 2 - Cortex responsible for visual- auditory-spatial sensory integration - Sup. + inf. parietal lobules

Temporal Lobe

- Lateral sulcus - Sylvian fissure - Important landmark - Wernicke’s area - “Wernicke = Word salad” - Brodmann area 22 - Primary and secondary auditory cortex

- Lies within the lateral sulcus - Involved in consciousness, emotion and homeostasis - Autonomic control To sum it all up Homunculus

Clinically relevant The Ventricular System The Ventricular System

- Foramina of Luschka = Lateral - Foramina of Magendie = Medial The Diencephalon

→ - Thalamus - Hypothalamus - Third ventricle

- (+ Epithalamus and subthalamus)

High Yield

By no means an exclusive list! Other pins are fair game

Thalamic Nuclei

- The list is long! - 5 high yield - VPL - VPM - LGB - MGB - VL Thalamic Nuclei

- Ventral PosteroLateral nucleus - Vibration, Pain, Pressure, Proprioception, Light touch, Temperature - Ventral posteroMedial nucleus - Face sensation, taste - “Makeup goes on the face” - Lateral geniculate nucleus - Vision - “Lateral = Light” Thalamic Nuclei

- Medial geniculate nucleus - Hearing - “Medial = Music” - Ventral lateral nucleus - Motor Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

- Maintains homeostasis - “The King of the Castle” - Thirst and water balance - Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis - Hunger - Autonomic nervous system - Temperature - Sexual urges - → TAN HATS Hypothalamus

- Many nuclei! Hypothalamus

- Lateral nucleus - Hunger - Lateral injury makes you Lean - VentroMedial nucleus - Satiety - VentroMedial injury makes you Very Massive - Anterior nucleus - Cooling, parasympathetic - A/C = anterior cooling Hypothalamus

- Posterior nucleus - Heating, sympathetic. - Heating is controlled by Posterior hypothalamus (“Hot Pot”) - Suprachiasmatic nucleus - Circadian rhythm - You need to sleep to be charismatic (chiasmatic) - Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei - Synthesize ADH and oxytocin - Preoptic nucleus - Thermoregulation, sexual behavior Very brief

- Subthalamus - Cranial ends of the red nuclei and the substantia nigra - Involved in control of muscle activity - Epithalamus - Habenular nuclei - Pineal gland (produces melatonin, important in sleep) Thank you

Good luck :)