The Cerebrum Eirik Krager 4/6 MD 22.10.18 The Cerebral Lobes - Frontal Lobe - - Prefrontal cortex - Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s area - “Broken Boca” - Boca = mouth in spanish - Brodmann area 44 - Precentral gyrus - Primary motor cortex Parietal Lobe - Postcentral gyrus - Primary association sensory cortex - Brodmann area 3,1, and 2 - Cortex responsible for visual- auditory-spatial sensory integration - Sup. + inf. parietal lobules Temporal Lobe - Lateral sulcus - Sylvian fissure - Important landmark - Wernicke’s area - “Wernicke = Word salad” - Brodmann area 22 - Primary and secondary auditory cortex - Lies within the lateral sulcus - Involved in consciousness, emotion and homeostasis - Autonomic control To sum it all up Homunculus Clinically relevant The Ventricular System The Ventricular System - Foramina of Luschka = Lateral - Foramina of Magendie = Medial The Diencephalon → - Thalamus - Hypothalamus - Third ventricle - (+ Epithalamus and subthalamus) High Yield High Yield High Yield High Yield High Yield High Yield By no means an exclusive list! Other pins are fair game Thalamic Nuclei - The list is long! - 5 high yield - VPL - VPM - LGB - MGB - VL Thalamic Nuclei - Ventral PosteroLateral nucleus - Vibration, Pain, Pressure, Proprioception, Light touch, Temperature - Ventral posteroMedial nucleus - Face sensation, taste - “Makeup goes on the face” - Lateral geniculate nucleus - Vision - “Lateral = Light” Thalamic Nuclei - Medial geniculate nucleus - Hearing - “Medial = Music” - Ventral lateral nucleus - Motor Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - Maintains homeostasis - “The King of the Castle” - Thirst and water balance - Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis - Hunger - Autonomic nervous system - Temperature - Sexual urges - → TAN HATS Hypothalamus - Many nuclei! Hypothalamus - Lateral nucleus - Hunger - Lateral injury makes you Lean - VentroMedial nucleus - Satiety - VentroMedial injury makes you Very Massive - Anterior nucleus - Cooling, parasympathetic - A/C = anterior cooling Hypothalamus - Posterior nucleus - Heating, sympathetic. - Heating is controlled by Posterior hypothalamus (“Hot Pot”) - Suprachiasmatic nucleus - Circadian rhythm - You need to sleep to be charismatic (chiasmatic) - Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei - Synthesize ADH and oxytocin - Preoptic nucleus - Thermoregulation, sexual behavior Very brief - Subthalamus - Cranial ends of the red nuclei and the substantia nigra - Involved in control of muscle activity - Epithalamus - Habenular nuclei - Pineal gland (produces melatonin, important in sleep) Thank you Good luck :).