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Composition and Biological Activity of the Algerian Plant Rosa Canina L

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Composition and Biological Activity of the Algerian Plant Rosa Canina L Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2020) 13, 1105–1119 King Saud University Arabian Journal of Chemistry www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Composition and biological activity of the Algerian plant Rosa canina L. by HPLC-UV-MS Samira Fetni a,b,c, Nabil Bertella a,*, Ammar Ouahab d,*, Jose Miguel Martinez Zapater b, Sonia De Pascual-Teresa Fernandez c a Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Batna 2, Algeria b Institute of Science of Vine and Wine (CSIC), Spain c Department of Metabolism and Nutrition Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (Ictan-csic), Spain d Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Batna 2, Algeria Received 12 July 2017; accepted 25 September 2017 Available online 6 October 2017 KEYWORDS Abstract The present study was carried out in order to identify and characterize the compounds of Ethanolic extract; Rosa canina fruits by HPLC-UV-MS. The total phenolic determiner by a new Fast Blue method HPLC-UV-MS; (FBBB), which detects phenolic directly, reported an average total phenolic concentration of 1.7 Antioxidant activity; folds greater than Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C), which indicates that an indirect detection method of total Oxidant effect; phenolic should be replaced in future studies by the FBBB method. TPC of the ethanolic extract Bilobalide A was positively correlated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging effect. The DPPH activity of R. canina extract which is higher than the IC50 of the ascorbic acid and Buty- lated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than the IC50 of quercetin and trolox. The determination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) proved the antioxidant effect of the extract on HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells. A concentration of 1.63 lg/ml on HepG2 cells had an oxidizing effect instead of the antioxidant effect, which is due to the existence of a tert-butyl group in sesquiterpene iden- tified by HPLC-UV-MS method. These results indicate that the fruits of R. canina can be used as a natural source of antioxidants against oxidative stress and some types of cancer. Ó 2017 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction R. canina belongs to the family of Rosaceae and genus Rosa, * Corresponding authors. with about 200 species spread in the temperate zone and sub- E-mail addresses: [email protected] (N. Bertella), ouahab. tropics of the Northern hemisphere, R. canina pseudo-fruit was [email protected] (A. Ouahab). traditionally used in preventive therapy and for the prepara- Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. tion of some foods such as jam, beverages and probiotic drinks (Montazeri et al., 2011). Natural substances and plants in general, are an immense Production and hosting by Elsevier source of chemiodiversity, often with very original structures https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.09.013 1878-5352 Ó 2017 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1106 S. Fetni et al. Fig. 1 Calibration curve of total phenolic content (TPC) of ethanolic extract of Rosa canina fruits using fast blue method (1A), and Folin-Ciocalteu (1B). The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize Table 1 Total phenols contents in ethanolic extract R. canina the main antioxidants in the ethanolic extract of R. canina fruits. fruits using HPLC–UV–MS. Additionally, the antioxidant Content (lg/mg DM) FBBB F-C Extraction and cytotoxic effects of R. canina extract are also explored. Total phenols yield (%) 30% ethanol 598.25 354.46 20 2. Materials and methods ± 0.49 ± 0.05 Data expressed in lg equivalent of gallic acid (GAE) to 1 mg of 2.1. Samples methanolic extract of Rosa fruits. The fruits of R. canina were harvested from the region of Batna, Algeria, in October 2016. The samples were washed, that are usually impossible to synthesize (structural complex- then dried at room temperature and ground before storing at ... ity, stereospecificity ). Flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids À20 °C. are the most essential bioactive polyphenols identified in R. canina fruits by HPLC–UV–MS method. They are a wide 2.2. Standards and reagents range of secondary compounds distributed in various plants and play an important role in normal growth and defence. All chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical They display various structures and a broad range of biologi- grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich chemistry cal activities (Naczk and Shahidi, 2004). (Madrid, Spain). HPLC grade solvents were purchased from Most qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolics are Merck Darmstadt, Germany). The HPLC grade water was usually traditional methods such as HPLC-UV for qualitative prepared using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Lab., Bedford, analysis and Folin-Ciocalteu method (F-C), which is the only MA, USA). procedure used to measure total phenolics through the reduc- tion capacity of the components of the extract. Whereas, the 2.3. Preparation of the phenolic extracts novel total phenolic method utilizing Fast Blue BB diazonium salt is based on the coupling of phenolic compounds with the diazonium. The coupling mostly occurs para to the phenolic The extraction of the polyphenols is carried out three times activating group, unless the position is already occupied. For by mixing 50 ml of ethanol/water (70:30; v/v)/plant powder R. canina extract, the Fast Blue (FBBB) method had higher 50 mg. The extract was left in the ultrasonic bath (FALC gallic acid equivalents (GAE) values than the standard Instruments, Italy) for 30 min after centrifugation at Folin–Ciocalteu in the dosage of total phenolic (Maria et al., 5000 rpm for 20 min at 10 °C and the ethanol was removed 2017; Medina, 2011a,b). in vacuum using a rotary evaporator Temperature below There are many analytical methods available to assess the 40 °C. In order to remove the apolar molecules contained antioxidant capacity such as DPPH scavenger effect, which is in the extract, a second extraction was performed by using the method used to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro. 4 ml of the hexane/water mixture at a ratio of 50:50; v/v, Cellular antioxidant activity by determination of intracellular and then mixed with the resulting ethanolic extract of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an approach used to evaluate first extraction. The operation was repeated three times, the antioxidant activity based on cells (Yin et al., 2019). The and then the extract was dried under vacuum by heat phenolic compounds present in R. canina made it one of the applied in the Savant Speed VacThermo Scientific preferred plants in phyto-therapy and in the pharmaceutical Concentrator SPD131DDA for 4 h. The resulting extract sector. R. canina presents a cytotoxic effect following an was lyophilized in a laboratory lyophilizer (BETA 2-8 LD MTT test. This effect prevented from cancer by several mecha- plus - Martin Christ) for 24 h. nisms. They decrease both cell proliferation and oxidative Extraction yield (%) = weight of extract obtained  100/ stress, block cell cycles, and induce apoptosis (Ren et al., 2003). weight taken of the material vegetal (Baghdikian et al., 2016). Composition and biological activity of the Algerian plant 1107 Fig. 2 HPLC-UV-DAD chromatograms of extract of Rosa canina fruits. 2.4. Determination of total phenols contents by Folin-Ciocalteu at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Briefly, 10 ll of the sample (F-C) and Fast Blue BB (FBBB) methods was transferred into a well in a 96-well plate and 150 lLof 6% Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was added and mixed, after 3 l The total phenolic content was evaluated by F-C method min, add 50 l/well of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (Khanam et al., 2012). The ethanolic extracts were prepared (0.6 M) was added and mixed gently. Incubate the plate for 1108 S. Fetni et al. 2 h at room temperature and in the dark and read the absor- 2.5. Preparation of sample the HPLC-UV-MS analysis bance at 725 nm by the BioTek Synergy HT multi-mode microplate reader (BioTek Instruments Inc., Vermont, USA) 50 mg of the dried paste was mixed with 10 ml of water/ and the data was acquired and processed using BioTek’s methanol-0.5% HCl (80:20; v/v). The mixture was placed in Gen5TM software (BioTek Instruments Inc.). the ultrasonic bath for 30 min (FALC Instruments, Italy), then The total phenolic content was determined by FBBB the extract was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 20 min at 10 °C. method (Lester et al., 2012). The ethanolic extracts were pre- The operation was repeated three times and the three succes- pared at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The reaction started sive acidified methanolic supernatants were evaporated to dry- m by adding 150 l/well of sample in the 96-well plate, and then ness under vacuum without heat applied to the SPV131DDA l l mixed with 15 l/well of Fast Blue (0.01% v/v H2O) and 15 l/ Thermo Scientific SPD131DDA Concentrator for 3 h. The well of NaOH (5% v/v H2O). After incubating the plate for samples were reconstituted with 200 ll of formic acid 0.1%, 120 min at room temperature, the absorbance was read at where the sample was centrifuged for 10 min at 9000 rpm, 420 nm with a BioTek Synergy HT multi-mode microplate and then the supernatant was filtered and diluted (1:10) and reader (BioTek Instruments Inc., Vermont, USA), and data finally stored in a flask at À20 °C until analysis (Mraihi was acquired and processed using BioTek’s Gen5TM software et al., 2015).
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