2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6

BEE ROUND 6

1. This man designed the riding saddle still used by the U.S. Army cavalry. He was nominated over Thomas Seymour, but reached out to Seymour's faction of the party by choosing George Pendleton as his running mate. He angered members of his party by repudiating the "peace plank" drafted by Clement Vallandigham, a leader of the Copperheads. This man was removed from command after he failed to pursue Confederate forces defeated at Antietam. For the point, name this Union general who was fired by Lincoln and ran against him as the Democratic nominee in 1864. ANSWER: George Brinton McClellan 121-13-94-24101 2. In Italy, this artist labored on a never-finished frieze depicting the Race of the Riderless Horse. Thunderclouds roll in the background of his painting of a helmeted cavalry officer stumbling around with a cane while guiding his horse. This artist depicted Napoleonic warfare in The Wounded Cuirassier and The Charging Chasseur. Another painting by him implicitly criticizes Charles X, since it depicts an incident in which an incompetent captain jettisoned the lower classes aboard his ship. For the point, name this French Romantic painter of The Raft of the Medusa. ANSWER: Theodore Gericault 080-13-94-24102 3. An 1873 debate over whether to perform this action was known as the Seikanron. An event of this type in the 1590s was ended by the Council of Five Elders after the Siege of Jinju sparked Chinese intervention, ending Hideyoshi Toyotomi's plans to use this action as a base for conquering the Ming Dynasty. In 1231, the first of six Mongol instances of this action occurred, subjugating the Goryeo Dynasty. For the point, identify this historical action in which Japan or China used military force to occupy another East Asian country. ANSWER: invading Korea [or occupying Korea or going to war with Korea, etc; prompt on partial answer] 019-13-94-24103 4. This event was made worse by the widespread use of "jetties" atop tenement buildings. John Evelyn and Robert Hooke both proposed building a new orthogonal street system after this event. This disaster immediately followed the events described in Daniel Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year and is itself described in the diary of Samuel Pepys (PEEPS). After this event, Christopher Wren rebuilt St. Paul's and many other buildings. For the point, name this 1666 disaster which began in a bakery and destroyed most of the seat of British government. ANSWER: Great Fire of London [prompt on partial answer] 019-13-94-24104

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 1 of 9 5. During periods of mourning, a dark one of these objects called a pulla was worn. A bleached white one of these objects is the root for the word "candidate" because it was only worn by those running for public office. Prostitutes were required by law to wear this article of clothing, which no other women were allowed to wear. A specially-trained slave called a "vestiplicus" was employed by some men to help create the "sinus" and "umbo" when putting on this piece of clothing. For the point, name this piece of clothing worn over tunics by freeborn Romans, which they wore loosely and in folds. ANSWER: togas 023-13-94-24105 6. During the reign of this emperor, the freedmen Narcissus and Pallas rose to positions of power. This emperor's expansionary policies included the annexation of Mauretania and Judea. This emperor made Camulodonum into a colony and executed his wife Messalina for marrying the consul Silius. This husband of Agrippina the Younger was made emperor when the Praetorian Guard found him shuddering in the wake of Caligula's murder. For the point, name this Julio-Claudian emperor famous for his stutter. ANSWER: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 080-13-94-24106 7. A skirmish at Kishm Island in this body of water killed the namesake of Canada's largest island, William Baffin. Antonio Correia conquered an island here that was known for its pearls. On its shores, a region once called the "pirate coast" became known as the Trucial States when it was united by a Perpetual Maritime Truce with Britain. After departing from Socotra, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered an island in this sea in 1507. Britain helped recapture this body of water's island of Hormuz for the Safavid Empire. For the point, name this gulf between Iran and Arabia. ANSWER: Persian Gulf [or Arabian Gulf] 232-13-94-24107 8. At one point in this event, a speaker listed such groups as "the Order of Ahepa" and "Hadassah." A speech here welcomed a "kinder, gentler nation." At the end of this event, a speaker gave the "thousand points of light" speech, which featured the ill-fated promise, "read my lips: no new taxes." In a surprise announcement during this event's second day, the relatively unknown Dan Quayle was named as the running mate. For the point, name this event in which George H.W. Bush was nominated for President for the first time. ANSWER: 1988 Republican National Convention [or 1988 RNC; prompt on partial answer] 052-13-94-24108 9. The architectural firm Burnham & Root designed a "Temple" for the Chicago chapter of this organization. Articles published by this organization often featured stories involving Ned and his Uncle Jack. Children of members of this organization under the age of six often took part in "white ribbon ceremonies." The Union Signal is the main publication of this organization, whose first president, Annie Wittenmeyer, was followed by a woman who urged members to "do everything," named Frances Willard. For the point, name this prohibitionist group with only female members. ANSWER: Women's Christian Temperance Union [or WCTU] 020-13-94-24109

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 2 of 9 10. This man lost his wife and three daughters in a fire at their house in the Presidio. He was once promoted over 862 senior officers, due in part to his pacification of the Moros during his command of Fort McKinley in the Mount Bagsak campaign. The leader of the Punitive Expedition, he gained his nickname while leading the Buffalo Soldiers in the Tenth Cavalry, and he led an expedition to capture Pancho Villa in 1916. For the point, identify this commander, nicknamed "Black Jack," who led the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. ANSWER: John Joseph Pershing 030-13-94-24110 11. The phrase "Swords into Ploughshares" was banned in this country, where an economic system introduced by Evsi Libermann led to the leader of the FDJ dancing the twist. 1953 worker uprisings in this country responded to the increased productivity quotas of the "New Course" system. Its secret police, led by Erich Mielke, employed nearly three percent of its population. The awful Trabant automobile was produced in this country, which was led by Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker for much of its existence. For the point, name this country, home to the Stasi, which built the Berlin Wall. ANSWER: East Germany [or German Democratic Republic; or GDR; or Deutsche Demokratische Republik; or DDR; do not accept or prompt on "Germany"] 141-13-94-24111 12. A speaker at this institution claimed there is a "time when the operation of the machine becomes so odious that you can't take part." The "bodies upon the gears" speech was given at Sproul Hall at this institution. Clark Kerr was dismissed from its presidency because he was perceived as too soft in handling protests here led by students such as Mario Savio. The 1960s Free Speech Movement series of protests was centered at this university, which Governor Ronald Reagan promised to "clean up." For the point, name this oldest and flagship institution within the University of California system. ANSWER: University of California, Berkeley [or UC-Berkeley; prompt on University of California] 052-13-94-24112 13. This leader's son Pufang became a major advocate for disabled peoples' rights after being defenestrated with his family watching. This man's status fell after he was accused of conspiracy by the Gang of Four. Sharing power with the Eight Elders, he reaffirmed his economic policies during a "southern tour." This man rose to power by weakening support for Hua Goufeng (WA gwo-FUNG). For the point, name this man who led the People's Republic of China towards a market economy in the years after Mao Zedong's death. ANSWER: Deng Xiaoping 192-13-94-24113 14. In 2013, five rural counties in this state voted to secede in the 51st State Initiative. In 1992, a referendum in this state limited its government's ability to raise taxes with the Taxpayer Bill of Rights. James Dobson founded Focus on the Family in this state, which is represented in the Senate by Michael Bennet and Mark Udall. In 2012, this state was the location of the Aurora shooting during a screening of The Dark Knight Rises. For the point, name this state governed by John Hickenlooper that legalized marijuana in the 2012 elections. ANSWER: Colorado 080-13-94-24114

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 3 of 9 15. This empire assigned tax collection to kurakas and kamayuqs. This empire's native name, "Tawantinsuyu," comes from its organization as four quarters called suyus, each of which was divided into provinces called wamani. The second-in-command of this civilization was its chief priest, the Willaq Umu. Reviving this empire was the goal of the executed rebel Tupac Amaru. This people celebrated their sun god on the winter solstice with the Inti Raymi festival. For the point, identify this South American civilization whose leaders included Huascar (WOSS-car) and Atahualpa. ANSWER: Inca people/empire 233-13-94-24115 16. This action was challenged by Helen Chenoweth-Hage's House Joint Resolution 77, which insisted it would lead to the construction of Chinese missile bases. A September 1977 treaty promised that this action would be completed on December 31, 1999, and Jimmy Carter's support for it was challenged by the Strom Thurmond observation that "we bought and we paid for it and we should keep it." For the point, name this action guaranteed by the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, in which the United States gave up control of a waterway to a Central American country. ANSWER: the United States giving up the Panama Canal to Panama [or equivalents; or the Torrijos-Carter Treaties until it is read] 052-13-94-24116 17. This poet depicted the impact on the poor of the war with Revolutionary France in his poem Adventures on Salisbury Plain. In another poem, he describes himself as a lover of "all the mighty world of eye, and ear, both what they half create, and what perceive." That poem wishes for his sister Dorothy that her mind "shall be a mansion for all lovely forms." This poet helped inaugurate Romanticism by collaborating with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads. For the point, name this English poet of The Prelude and "Tintern Abbey." ANSWER: William Wordsworth 014-13-94-24117 18. These people spoke the Ramasi language and developed from seven Muslim tribes into Hindu devotees who used a ritual involving a handkerchief. These people were suppressed by William Sleeman, at the same time as the practice of suttee, during the governorship of William Bentinck in the 1830s. These highwaymen strangled and robbed their victims for a sacrifice to Kali, making travel in India dangerous. For the point, identify this criminal cult whose name became a general term for a violent or lawbreaking person. ANSWER: thugs [or thuggees] 019-13-94-24118 19. A king with this name arranged the marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and was nicknamed the "Nestor of Europe." Another ruler with this name was the first non-Muslim allowed to tour the Dome of the Rock since the Crusades and instituted a conscription policy of one son per family in 1909. A territory controlled by a king with this name was the subject of the Casement Report, which described the abuses of the Force Publique. For the point, give this name shared by the first two modern kings of Belgium, the second of whom was given private control of the Congo Free State. ANSWER: Leopold I of Belgium [or Leopold II; or Leopold George Christiaan Frederik; or Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor] 023-13-94-24119

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 4 of 9 20. A person involved in this effort was also responsible for introducing myxoma virus to curb the Australian rabbit population and was Frank Fenner. The unit in charge of this goal was headed by Donald Henderson, and Karel Raska developed surveillance methods as part of this program. This effort succeeded after teams aided Rahima Banu and Ali Maow Maalin, who were the last people to fall victim to variola major and minor, respectively. For the point, name this international public health initiative, the only instance in which a disease has been eliminated. ANSWER: eradicating smallpox [or equivalents] 048-13-94-24120 21. This man proposed a guaranteed minimum income program called Demogrant. George Meany's distaste for this man led the AFL-CIO to endorse neither candidate in an election he ran in. He said "This chamber reeks of blood" before the voting for a bill he sponsored with Mark Hatfield to begin American withdrawal from Vietnam. He removed Tom Eagleton from his ticket after people learned Eagleton had undergone electro-shock therapy, and he lost every state but Massachusetts to Richard Nixon. For the point, name this 1972 Democratic Presidential candidate. ANSWER: George McGovern 121-13-94-24121 22. This territory was granted three votes as part of an agreement that gave it a constitution in 1911. People from a region within this territory were insulted with the name "Wackes," the use of which by Guenter von Forstner led to the Zabern Affair. This territory was ruled as a Reichsland after it was ceded by the Treaty of Frankfurt. This territory included Moselle, which was one of the German-speaking sections given up following the Franco-Prussian War. For the point, name this territory made up of two northeastern regions in France that changed hands four times between 1870 and 1945. ANSWER: Alsace-Lorraine [or Elsass-Lothringen; reversal of the names is OK, but do not accept or prompt on partial answer] 023-13-94-24122 23. Henry Ford's book My Life and Work cites this industry as the first to introduce the assembly line. Dial soap was first developed by a company in this industry. A company founded by Gustavus Swift in this industry pioneered the use of railroad cars called "reefers." Philip Armour, operating out of the Union Stock Yards, was a robber baron in this industry. A description of this industry inspired the quote, "I aimed at the public's heart and hit it in the stomach." For the point, name this industry targeted by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. ANSWER: meatpacking industry [or meatpacking industry] 190-13-94-24123 24. This man worked with the producers of the show Medical Center to create a fake episode used to study the effects of television on antisocial behavior. This researcher was inspired by debates around the trial of Adolf Eichmann to set up an apparatus that included switches marked "XXX" and was described as part of a project on learning to "teachers" who were actually the subjects of the study. For the point, name this psychologist who found that people were willing to deliver fatal electric shocks in the "obedience to authority" experiment. ANSWER: Stanley Milgram 019-13-94-24124

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 5 of 9 25. Brendan Shanahan is the all-time leader in a stat named for this man, with seventeen instances of scoring a goal, recording an assist, and getting into a fight in the same game. This player came out of retirement to join the Houston Aeros of the World Hockey Association in 1977, where he played with two of his sons on two championship teams; he ultimately played thirty-three full seasons as a starting professional hockey player. For the point, name this four-time Stanley Cup winner with the Red Wings, whose many scoring records were broken by Wayne Gretzky. ANSWER: Gordon "Gordie" Howe 019-13-94-24125 26. This American network first aired a cartoon featuring the Grassy Knoll restaurant and a crisis hotline run by replicas of Abe Lincoln and Gandhi, Clone High. Buggles and the snarky Daria Morgendorrfer were broadcast by this network, whose cultural impact was satirized in the Dire Straits song "Money for Nothing." This network once featured personalities called "VJs," and marketed itself as spawning a namesake "generation" with lower attention spans. For the point, name this Viacom television channel launched in 1981, the first network dedicated to music videos. ANSWER: MTV [or Music Television] 104-13-94-24126 27. Russell Alger served as Secretary of War under this President, who employed the first Presidential personal secretaries, John Addison Porter and George Cortelyou. John Sherman resigned as Secretary of State to this President and was replaced by William Day. This man's first Vice-President, Garret Hobart, died in office. His successful "front-porch campaign" was managed by Mark Hanna and ushered in the Fourth Party System. For the point, name this Republican who defeated William Jennings Bryan twice in Presidential elections, the first in 1896. ANSWER: William McKinley 190-13-94-24127 28. Archbishop Veniamin was killed in a cathedral after preaching against this movement. This movement was defeated at Tatishchevo by Alexander Bibikov before it succeeded in capturing Saratov and burning Kazan. It was put down during a siege of modern-day Volgograd by Alexander Suvorov. Bashkir Muslims and Yaik Cossacks joined this event, which decreed the abolition of serfdom and believed that its namesake leader was the assassinated Peter III. For the point, name this 1773 to 1774 uprising against Catherine the Great. ANSWER: Pugachev's rebellion 019-13-94-24128 29. These measures seek to reduce the possibility of so-called "U-turn transactions." Thirteen Democratic senators, including Chuck Schumer, signed an open letter supporting these measures, purportedly to assist the P5+1. Bob Menendez and Mark Kirk sponsored legislation adding measures of this type, which the White House claims would increase the chances of war. These measures have caused a four-fifths devaluation of the rial currency. For the point, identify these punitive economic measures passed in order to force a Middle Eastern country to give up its nuclear program. ANSWER: United States economic sanctions against Iran [prompt on partial answer] 080-13-94-24129

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 6 of 9 30. A man from this country brought Durer's rhinoceros to his king and captured Hormuz despite being outnumbered fifty-fold. An explorer from this country christened his discovery the Island of the True Cross and was relieved of command of the "Revenge Fleet" following the massacre of his crew by the Zamorin of Calicut. That man from this country blew off course and landed in an area east of the dividing line in the Treaty of Tordesillas. For the point, name this European power whose explorer Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil. ANSWER: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 020-13-94-24130 31. This man was called the Antichrist by Ian Paisley during a speech he gave to the European Parliament. A visit by this leader to Chile prompted Pinochet to hold open elections the next year. This man was targeted as part of the Bojinka Plot while he presided over the 1995 World Youth Day in Manila. For healing a Sister Marie Simon-Pierre of Parkinson’s Disease, he was beatified. In 1992, he issued an apology following a thirteen-year investigation of the trial of Galileo. For the point, name this Polish pope who served from 1978 until 2005. ANSWER: John Paul II [or Karol Jozef Wojtyla; prompt on John Paul; do not accept or prompt on "John" or "Paul" alone] 190-13-94-24131 32. This man's brief rule at a young age ended when Candarli Halil engineered the return of his father to the throne. This ruler was supported against Candarli Halil by his advisor Zaganos in continuing a siege. That successful siege included an agreement between this man and the Genoese living in Galata. This son of Murad II was the first Ottoman to take the title "Caesar," and he employed the Hungarian engineer Urban to create a massive cannon. For the point, name this sultan who earned his nickname in 1453 by defeating the Byzantine Empire and capturing Constantinople. ANSWER: Mehmed II [or Mehmed the Conqueror; or Mehmed Fatih; prompt on Mehmed] 023-13-94-24132 33. This state became home to French exiles who started the Vine and Olive Colony. A Senator from this state for nearly thirty years was short-lived Vice-President William Rufus King. Early politics in this state were dominated by the Georgia Faction. A city in this state served as the first capital of the Confederacy, and this state lost control of its major port following the Union victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay. For the point, name this state in the South where quick growth and industrialization led to the nicknames the Magic City and the Pittsburgh of the South for Birmingham. ANSWER: Alabama 023-13-94-24133 34. At this group's first meeting, Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado spoke out against apartheid. This group's purpose was set out in the Havana Declaration during its conference in 1979, which was when Ne Win withdrew Burma from this group. The only European member currently in this group is Belarus, although it was originally started at a 1961 conference in Belgrade. Tito was a founder of this organization along with Kwame Nkrumah and Sukarno. For the point, name this group that was originally for developing countries not allied with the US or USSR. ANSWER: Non-Aligned Movement [or NAM] 023-13-94-24134

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 7 of 9 35. This man was removed from a college faculty post after advocating harvesting the organs of executed prisoners. This man was the most prominent client of attorney Geoffrey Fieger, who used the fame gained by defending this man to run against John Engler as the 1998 Democratic nominee for governor of Michigan. This inventor of the "Thanatron" and "Mercitron" was depicted on a 1998 episode of 60 Minutes with ALS sufferer Thomas Youk, which led to his conviction for second-degree murder. For the point, name this advocate of physician-assisted suicide. ANSWER: Jacob "Jack" Kevorkian 019-13-94-24135

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 8 of 9 Extra Question

36. This person published a newspaper that was funded by George Train and David Melliss, but went into debt and ended after being bought by Laura Curtis Bullard. This activist successfully pushed for the University of Rochester to admit women. This person refused to pay a hundred dollar fine for voting in the election of 1872, an action she used the Fourteenth Amendment to justify. The publisher of the newspaper The Revolution, she was a founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association. For the point, name this collaborator with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the women's suffrage movement. ANSWER: Susan Brownell Anthony 140-13-94-24136

2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Round 6 Page 9 of 9

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