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DIODON VOL 35 No 2 Décembre 2014 Vol 35 No.2 EDITORIAL SS oo mm mm aa ii rr ee EDITORIAL 2 VOYAGE PLONGEE : Requins marteaux à gogo… 3 ACTUALITE : Tian Xiang : 18e récif artificiel à 7 Maurice hers amis lecteurs, C ACTUALITE : Stranding of Dwarf Sperm Whale 9 (Kogia Sima) D’après la NOAA, ce mois de septembre 2014, la planète a connu un coup de chaud sans précédent depuis le début des ENVIRONNEMENT : Progress of the REMMOA 11 relevés de températures en 1880. En effet, La température aerial surveys conducted in the French EEZ and moyenne mesurée sur les terres émergées a été de 15,7°C, soit adjacent waters: contrasted cetacean habitats in the 0,72 °C au-dessus de la moyenne du XXe siècle (15 °C). Sans southwest Indian Ocean. (End) pouvant pour autant faire un lien direct avec le réchauffement climatique, le climat global, n’étant analysable que sur des ENVIRONNEMENT : Coral reefs are the most 15 échelles de temps très longues (par-delà les fluctuations locales diverse Earth ecosystem et momentanées), cette chaleur exceptionnelle s’inscrit dans la tendance à la hausse du XXe siècle : chacune des décennies BIOLOGIE : MOLLUSQUES ENDÉMIQUES DE 19 étant plus chaude que la précédente, sauf pour les années 1940. L’OCÉAN INDIEN Parallèlement, les dirigeants européens siégeant à Bruxelles Le Cône textile vaulbert, Conus (Cylinder) textile sont parvenus le 24 octobre à un accord sur l’ampleur de la vaulberti réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre : réduction de 40% d’ici 2030 par rapport aux niveaux de 1990. Mais quid des ACTUALITE : Expedition to Agalega 21 pays comme les Etats-Unis et la Chine ? Cet accord sera-t-il suffisant pour limiter la hausse de 2 degrés de la température MONDE : Culler whales keep a balance 23 mondiale qui se profile à l’horizon 2050? Rien n’est moins sûr. Depuis le dernier rapport du Giec en 2009 la situation s’est aggravée. En effet les émissions de gaz à effet de serre ne cessent de s’accélérer malgré les efforts engagés. Elles actions en date sont, entre autres, le coulage du Tiang Siang ont augmenté de plus de 30% entre 1990 et 2010. En cause: 137 comme 18e récif artificiel à Maurice ou encore l’exposition le retour en force du charbon, redevenu plus compétitif. Ce « Un point de vue sur les requins ». Vous pourrez avoir tous les réchauffement affecte aussi les océans bien sûr, causant des détails de ce sabordage, ainsi qu’un livret présentant l’exposition bouleversements incessants de nos écosystèmes. Ainsi : dans ce Diodon. - les espèces tropicales envahissent de plus en plus les mers tempérées comme en Méditerranée par exemple par le Vous pourrez aussi vous tenir au courant de certaines autres actions biais du Canal de Suez. En effet dans le sud de la France du MMCS comme l’expédition à Agaléga ou encore l’étude du ont été péchés en 2010 des poissons qui jusqu’à lors ne cachalot nain échoué à Bambous Virieux en mars. De nombreux se rencontraient que dans les eaux de la Mer Rouge ou autres articles à ne mas manquer non plus dont un sur la plongée même dans les eaux mauriciennes comme le barracuda ou avec les requins marteaux et les raies mantas en Mer Rouge… le poisson flûte Fistularia commersonii ! - le blanchiment des coraux s’étend de plus en plus vers les Ainsi, sans plus tarder, je vous laisse découvrir ce nouveau Diodon. zones hors tropicales, comme celui de grande amplitude survenu en juillet/août de cette année à Miami et en Floride Bonne lecture! en général, pourtant situé au dessus du tropique du cancer. - le corail se détériore de plus en plus. En effet les derniers N. von Arnim relevés de 2014 indiquent que la Grande Barrière de Corail en Australie est dans le pire état jamais connu et qu’elle est en train de perdre sa capacité à se régénérer. Sa couverture Photo page de garde corallienne a diminué de moitié depuis les années 1980 lorsque le récif a été répertorié comme un site du patrimoine mondial. - l’acidification des océans se poursuit : leur pH moyen étant passé de 8,16 au début du 19e siècle à 8,05 aujourd’hui. Or l’échelle de pH est « logarithmique » : une baisse de 1 unité reflète une concentration en ions H+ multipliée par 10 ! - etc…. les exemples sont trop nombreux pour tous les citer ici. Corail mou : Dendronephthya klunzingeri Nous, avec nos partenaires (MSDA en particulier) si petit Photo : Yann von Arnim que nous soyons à l’échelle de la planète, nous poursuivons Elphinstone, Mer Rouge. nos actions afin de lutter contre ce fléau. Les dernières DIODON 2 VOYAGE PLONGÉE REQUINS MARTEAUX à gogo… nous nous arrachons avec peine aux -40 mètres du bleu et la plongée se poursuit le long du tombant que nous remontons progressivement pour éviter les paliers de décompression, Paris, 21h, aérogare Charles de En attendant le sauf conduit des et là, c’est l’explosion de Gaule. autorités pour quitter le port, nous couleurs : les gorgones déballons le matériel de plongée, d’espèces variées (Melithaea Un brouhaha nous entoure. tandis que le soleil, tel un artificier sp., Supergorgia hicksoni) allant Attablés face à face, je sirote contrôlant à merveille sa pyrotechnie, du rouge au violet, disputent la un thé aux agrumes pendant que déverse ses derniers rayons dans place aux coraux durs de toutes mon mari, titille son sandwich un flamboiement de couleurs, formes et teintes comme le corail aseptisé déballé il y a quelque changeant progressivement de de feu (Millepora dichotoma) minutes du cellophane. Notre vol l’orange au violet …. étalant ses éventails de dentelle pour Dubaï embarque dans 50 brune bordée du rouge intense minutes. Cette ville où les hôtels Et c’est parti. Notre excursion sous- des éponges encroûtantes, ou le de luxe et les plages chaudes sont marine nous mènera au Nord de Port corail peau d’éléphant (Mycedium la destination de nos nombreux Soudan, dans les eaux limpides des elephantotus) formant de voisins, n’est pourtant pas ce qui atolls de Sanganeb et Shab Rumi véritables tables prêtes à recevoir nous attire. Pour nous ce ne sera avant de terminer sur l’incroyable la vaisselle fine, ou encore ces qu’une escale vers une destination épave de l’Umbria. coraux imitant des fils de fer beaucoup plus exotique : une tordus (Cirripathes anguina), croisière plongée en Mer Rouge Que ce soit à Sanganeb ou à Shab sans compter les patates de toutes au départ de Port-Soudan. Rumi, nous plongeons sur des sortes, comme des mamelles tombants descendant en escalier multiples, et j’en passe, ainsi Après avoir somnolé tant bien que de 5 à plus de 200 mètres où qu’aux coraux mous du genre mal pendant notre escale de 7h à patrouillent requins marteaux, Dendronephthya, flamboyants Dubaï, puis avoir été tour à tour requins gris de récif, barracudas en dans leurs couleurs chatoyantes frigorifiés et ébouillantés dans bancs serrés, caranges qui copinent allant du rose au rouge vif et l’avion qui nous menait à notre avec les licornes pour former de passant par tous les tons d’orangé destination finale, il est déjà 17 vastes bancs bicolores, bécunes, et de violet. Entre les dédales de heures quand nous nous préparons thons, napoléons… cette vie fixée, une kyrielle de à embarquer sur l’Océanos qui poissons de récifs colorés s’agite sera notre bateau de croisière. La A raison de 3 à 4 plongées par jour, en tous sens à notre approche. foule qui nous entoure s’affaire, débutons toujours dans le bleu où Une nuée de barbiers orange dans un embouteillage de zodiacs, de nombreux requins marteaux (Pseudoanthias squamipinnis), à diriger tous les plongeurs (Sphyrna lewini), timides, viennent typiques de la Mer Rouge, débarqués, du seul vol de la faire une brève apparition, avant de virevoltent au gré du courant et semaine, sur le bon bateau, ce qui déguerpir, effarouchés par le banc des mouvements des plongeurs, n’est pas une mince affaire chacun de plongeurs que nous formons, les poissons ange géographes s’interpellant avec animation surmonté de sa large colonne de attirent notre regard de leur robe dans une langue étrangère, qui bulles, mais curieux tout de même, magnifique imitant une ile d’or au en arabe, qui en italien, qui en ils pointent à nouveau leur nez, milieu d’une mer d’azur, quelques français, qui en russe, qui en s’éloignent à nouveau, reviennent pseudochromis de Fridman anglais, qui en espagnol, et j’en vérifier si nous sommes toujours (Pseudochromis fridmani), passe !! là etc…. Après une dizaine de endémiques de la Mer Rouge, minutes à contempler leur ballet, dansent un ballet en tutu violet. Mais mon préféré reste le poisson DIODON 3 VOYAGE PLONGÉE DIODON 4 VOYAGE PLONGÉE DIODON 5 VOYAGE PLONGÉE en transport de troupes pendant la 2e guerre mondiale, transportait bombes, obus, détonateurs, véhicules etc… quand le 9 juin 1940, arrivant en vue de Port Soudan il mouille sur le Wingate Reef. Malheureusement, le lendemain, l’entrée en guerre de l’Italie amène le capitaine à organiser le sabordage du navire : les différentes plaques d’obturation des prises d’eau étant brisées et l’équipage évacué sous couvert d’un hypothétique exercice d’évacuation. Ainsi, sur un fond de 38 mètres, remontant jusqu’à 3 mètres de la surface où affleurent les bossoirs tribord, l’Umbria git sur le côté babord tel un mastodonte, intact, sans traces d’explosion ni brèche, avec sa cargaison complète. Les mats, grues de chargements et la cheminée, tels de grands tentacules tordus, rejoignent le fond.
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