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Photoluminescence and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of MOCVD Grown
Photoluminescence and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of MOCVD Grown GaAs/AlGaAs Core-Shell Nanowires A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Oren D. Leaer in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy February 2013 © Copyright 2013 Oren D. Leaer. Figure 5.1 is reproduced from an article copyrighted by the American Physical Society and used with their permission. The original article may be found at: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.245324 Regarding only gure 5.1, the following notice is included as part of the terms of use: Readers may view, browse, and/or download material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modied, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or part, without prior written permission from the American Physical Society. The rest of this work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 3.0. The license is available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. i Dedications To my family: my parents, my sister, and Bubby and Dan. Your support made this possible. Thank you. ii Acknowledgments It is with great pleasure that I am able to thank and acknowledge the individuals and organizations that helped me in the course of my graduate studies. I should begin by thanking my advisor, Dr. Spanier, and my committee, Drs. Livneh, May, Shih, Taheri, and Zavaliangos for supporting me through this rather long process. -
EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter
EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter EPA 454/B-18-008 August 2018 EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division Research Triangle Park, NC EPA Handbook: Optical and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Monitoring of Emissions Flux of Gases and Particulate Matter 9/1/2018 Informational Document This informational document describes the emerging technologies that can measure and/or identify pollutants using state of the science techniques Forward Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) technologies have been available since the late 1980s. In the early days of this technology, there were many who saw the potential of these new instruments for environmental measurements and how this technology could be integrated into emissions and ambient air monitoring for the measurement of flux. However, the monitoring community did not embrace ORS as quickly as anticipated. Several factors contributing to delayed ORS use were: • Cost: The cost of these instruments made it prohibitive to purchase, operate and maintain. • Utility: Since these instruments were perceived as “black boxes.” Many instrument specialists were wary of how they worked and how the instruments generated the values. • Ease of use: Many of the early instruments required a well-trained spectroscopist who would have to spend a large amount of time to setup, operate, collect, validate and verify the data. • Data Utilization: Results from path integrated units were different from point source data which presented challenges for data use and interpretation. -
Federico Capasso “Physics by Design: Engineering Our Way out of the Thz Gap” Peter H
6 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013 Terahertz Pioneer: Federico Capasso “Physics by Design: Engineering Our Way Out of the THz Gap” Peter H. Siegel, Fellow, IEEE EDERICO CAPASSO1credits his father, an economist F and business man, for nourishing his early interest in science, and his mother for making sure he stuck it out, despite some tough moments. However, he confesses his real attraction to science came from a well read children’s book—Our Friend the Atom [1], which he received at the age of 7, and recalls fondly to this day. I read it myself, but it did not do me nearly as much good as it seems to have done for Federico! Capasso grew up in Rome, Italy, and appropriately studied Latin and Greek in his pre-university days. He recalls that his father wisely insisted that he and his sister become fluent in English at an early age, noting that this would be a more im- portant opportunity builder in later years. In the 1950s and early 1960s, Capasso remembers that for his family of friends at least, physics was the king of sciences in Italy. There was a strong push into nuclear energy, and Italy had a revered first son in En- rico Fermi. When Capasso enrolled at University of Rome in FREDERICO CAPASSO 1969, it was with the intent of becoming a nuclear physicist. The first two years were extremely difficult. University of exams, lack of grade inflation and rigorous course load, had Rome had very high standards—there were at least three faculty Capasso rethinking his career choice after two years. -
Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality
Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation by Migael Strydom Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation an der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨at M¨unchen vorgelegt von Migael Strydom aus Pretoria M¨unchen, den 20. Mai 2014 Dissertation submitted to the faculty of physics of the Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨atM¨unchen by Migael Strydom supervised by Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger Max-Planck-Institut f¨urPhysik, M¨unchen 1st Referee: Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger 2nd Referee: Prof. Dr. Dieter L¨ust Date of submission: 20 May 2014 Date of oral examination: 18 July 2014 Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen stark gekoppelte Ph¨anomene unter Verwendung der Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus einer- seits auf Vortex L¨osungen, die von einem magnetischem Feld verursacht werden, und andererseits auf zeitabh¨angigen Problemen in holographischen Modellen. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist die Entdeckung eines unerwarteten Effektes in einem ein- fachen holografischen Modell: ein starkes nicht abelsches magnetisches Feld verur- sacht die Entstehung eines Grundzustandes in der Form eines dreieckigen Gitters von Vortices. Die Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien ist ein m¨achtiges Werk- zeug welches bereits verwendet wurde um stark gekoppelte Systeme vom Quark- Gluonen Plasma in Teilchenbeschleunigern bis hin zu Festk¨orpertheorien zu be- schreiben. Die wichtigste Idee ist dabei die der Dualit¨at: Eine stark gekoppelte Quantenfeldtheorie kann untersucht werden, indem man die Eigenschaften eines aus den Einsteinschen Feldgleichungen folgenden Gravitations-Hintergrundes be- stimmt. Eine der Gravitationstheorien, die in dieser Arbeit behandelt werden, ist ei- ne Einstein{Yang{Mills Theorie in einem AdS{Schwarzschild Hintergrund mit SU(2)-Eichsymmetrie. -
Presentation Kluwer Online
Presentation Kluwer Online http://www.kluweronline.com By Walter Montenarie Licensing Manager [email protected] Kluwer Online http://www.kluweronline.com Contents Presentation • Introduction • e-Journals • e-Reference Works • e-Books • Consortium contracts Introduction www.kluweronline.com • Who are we? Online Journals • Facts & figures Reference • Imprints Works • Nobel Prize winners • Current issues eBooks Consortium Contracts Kluwer Online Accelerating the World of Research [email protected] Introduction – Who are we? http://www.kluweronline.com Kluwer Academic Publishers • An international publishing organization active across a broad spectrum of academic and professional fields. • Our goal is provide dedicated service to researchers, scientists and academics through high-quality STM print and online content distribution. • We are involved with sharing scientific content through the WHO’s HINARI and AGORA programs. • We have a prestigious Russian program acquired as part of our 1998 purchase of Plenum Publishers. Introduction – Facts & Figures http://www.kluweronline.com Kluwer Academic Publishers • 1200 New (print) books per year • 13,000 Backlist book titles • More than 200 book series • Printing on Demand • Over 650 Print/Electronic journals • 750+ e-Book Titles (100 new each year) • 7 e-Reference Works Introduction – Imprints http://www.kluweronline.com Publishers Imprints: • Kluwer Academic Publishers • Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers • Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press • Kluwer Academic/Baltzer Science Publishers -
Laser Focus World
November 2015 Photonics Technologies & Solutions for Technical Professionals Worldwide www.laserfocusworld.com QCL arrays target IR spectral analysis PAGE 36 Positioning equipment— the foundational tools PAGE 27 Measuring aspheres with interferometry PAGE 41 Tunable laser diode combines QDs and SiP PAGE 45 ® Optical coherence tomography angiography, NIR fluorescence- guided surgery PAGE 55 1511lfw_C1 1 11/2/15 11:54 AM 1511lfw_C2 2 11/2/15 11:54 AM Optimize Your Surface Measurement and Inspection Motion Save 40% Measurement Time and 60% Footprint Traditional Cartesian systems require frequent, time- consuming motion reversals in X and Y to raster-scan a part, which necessitates longer travel ranges to account for inefficiencies in constantly starting and stopping. The vastly superior SMP design utilizes an industry-leading rotational motion profile to deliver smooth, continuous scanning of the part, with no starts and stops, resulting in significantly reduced measurement time and machine footprint. SMP-420 SMP-220 SMP-320 • Reduce measurement time by • Axis repeatability in the low • Ultra-smooth motion even at 40% compared to Cartesian nanometer range very low velocities systems • Nanometer-level minimum • Easily customizable for incremental motion (resolution) • Minimize footprint by 60% customer-specific compared to Cartesian systems measurement processes Z C Spherical Z C Aspheric RR Cylindrical RR C TT TT Z Ph: 412-963-7470 Dedicated to the Email: [email protected] Science of Motion www.aerotech.com AF1114E-TMG 1511lfw_1 1 11/2/15 -
A Selected Bibliography of Publications By, and About, J
A Selected Bibliography of Publications by, and about, J. Robert Oppenheimer Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 17 March 2021 Version 1.47 Title word cross-reference $1 [Duf46]. $12.95 [Edg91]. $13.50 [Tho03]. $14.00 [Hug07]. $15.95 [Hen81]. $16.00 [RS06]. $16.95 [RS06]. $17.50 [Hen81]. $2.50 [Opp28g]. $20.00 [Hen81, Jor80]. $24.95 [Fra01]. $25.00 [Ger06]. $26.95 [Wol05]. $27.95 [Ger06]. $29.95 [Goo09]. $30.00 [Kev03, Kle07]. $32.50 [Edg91]. $35 [Wol05]. $35.00 [Bed06]. $37.50 [Hug09, Pol07, Dys13]. $39.50 [Edg91]. $39.95 [Bad95]. $8.95 [Edg91]. α [Opp27a, Rut27]. γ [LO34]. -particles [Opp27a]. -rays [Rut27]. -Teilchen [Opp27a]. 0-226-79845-3 [Guy07, Hug09]. 0-8014-8661-0 [Tho03]. 0-8047-1713-3 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1714-1 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1721-4 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1722-2 [Edg91]. 0-9672617-3-2 [Bro06, Hug07]. 1 [Opp57f]. 109 [Con05, Mur05, Nas07, Sap05a, Wol05, Kru07]. 112 [FW07]. 1 2 14.99/$25.00 [Ber04a]. 16 [GHK+96]. 1890-1960 [McG02]. 1911 [Meh75]. 1945 [GHK+96, Gow81, Haw61, Bad95, Gol95a, Hew66, She82, HBP94]. 1945-47 [Hew66]. 1950 [Ano50]. 1954 [Ano01b, GM54, SZC54]. 1960s [Sch08a]. 1963 [Kuh63]. 1967 [Bet67a, Bet97, Pun67, RB67]. 1976 [Sag79a, Sag79b]. 1981 [Ano81]. 20 [Goe88]. 2005 [Dre07]. 20th [Opp65a, Anoxx, Kai02]. -
Plasmonics for Laser Beam Shaping
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, JANUARY 2010 11 Plasmonics for Laser Beam Shaping Nanfang Yu, Member, IEEE, Romain Blanchard, Student Member, IEEE, Jonathan Fan, Qi Jie Wang, Christian Pflugl,¨ Laurent Diehl, Tadataka Edamura, Shinichi Furuta, Masamichi Yamanishi, Life Fellow, IEEE, Hirofumi Kan, and Federico Capasso, Fellow, IEEE (Invited Review) Abstract—This paper reviews our recent work on laser beam mostly linearly polarized along a single direction, which is deter- shaping using plasmonics. We demonstrated that by integrating mined by the optical selection rules of the gain medium [2], [3]. properly designed plasmonic structures onto the facet of semicon- Applications will benefit from the availability of a wide range ductor lasers, their divergence angle can be dramatically reduced by more than one orders of magnitude, down to a few degrees. of polarization states: linear polarization along different direc- A plasmonic collimator consisting of a slit aperture and an adja- tions, circular polarizations (clockwise and counterclockwise), cent 1-D grating can collimate laser light in the laser polarization etc. direction; a collimator consisting of a rectangular aperture and Laser beam shaping (i.e., collimation, polarization control) is a concentric ring grating can reduce the beam divergence both conventionally conducted externally using optical components perpendicular and parallel to the laser polarization direction, thus achieving collimation in the plane perpendicular to the laser beam. such as lenses, beam-splitting polarizers, and wave plates [2]. The devices integrated with plasmonic collimators preserve good These optical components are bulky and can be expensive; some room-temperature performance with output power comparable to are available only for certain wavelength ranges. -
Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to End the Nuclear Weapons Threat to Humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26
Relevant Appeals against War and for Nuclear Disarmament from Scientific Networks 1945- 2010 Reiner Braun/ Manuel Müller/ Magdalena Polakowski Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955)……………..…..1 The first Pugwash Conferenec (1957)………..……4 The Letter from Bertrand Russell to Joseph Rotblat (1956)………………………………..……...6 „Göttinger 18“ (1957)…………………………..…..8 Hiroshima Appeal (1959)………………………..…9 Linus Pauling (1961)…………………………..…..10 The Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race (1980)………………..…..11 The Göttingen Draft Treaty to Ban Space Weapons (1984)…………………………………………….....15 Appeal by American Scientists to Ban Space Weapons (1985)………………………………..…..16 The Hamburg Disarmament Proposals (1986)…………………………………………..…...17 Hans A. Bethe to Mr. President (1997)………..…18 Appeal from Scientists in Japan (1998)……….....20 U.S.Nobel laureates object to preventive attack on Iraq (2003)……………………………………...….25 Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to end the nuclear weapons threat to humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26 Appeal to support an International Einstein Year (2004)……………………………………………….28 Scientists for a Nuclear Weapons Free World, INES (2009)…………………………..……………31 Milan Document on Nuclear Disarmament (2010)……………………..34 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) 1 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) In the tragic situation which confronts humanity, we feel that scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the perils that have arisen as a result of the development of weapons of mass destruction, and to discuss a resolution in the spirit of the appended draft. We are speaking on this occasion, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between Communism and anti-Communism. -
Executive Summary)
Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age (Free Executive Summary) http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12615.html Free Executive Summary Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age Committee on Ensuring the Utility and Integrity of Research Data in a Digital Age; National Academy of Sciences ISBN: 978-0-309-13684-6, 188 pages, 6 x 9, paperback (2009) This free executive summary is provided by the National Academies as part of our mission to educate the world on issues of science, engineering, and health. If you are interested in reading the full book, please visit us online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12615.html . You may browse and search the full, authoritative version for free; you may also purchase a print or electronic version of the book. If you have questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, please contact our customer service department toll-free at 888-624-8373. As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. -
The Latest Research in Optical Engineering and Applications, Nanotechnology, Sustainable Energy, Organic Photonics, and Astronomical Instrumentation
OPTICS + PHOTONICS• The latest research in optical engineering and applications, nanotechnology, sustainable energy, organic photonics, and astronomical instrumentation ADVANCE THIS PROGRAM IS CURRENT AS OF TECHNICAL APRIL 2015. SEE UPDATES ONLINE: PROGRAM WWW.SPIE.ORG/OP15PROGRAM Conferences & Courses San Diego Convention Center 9–13 August 2015 San Diego, California, USA Exhibition 11–13 August 2015 CoNFERENCES EXHIBITION AND CoURSES: 11–13 AUGust 2015 9–13 AUGust 2015 San Diego Convention Center San Diego, California, USA Hear the latest research on optical engineering and applications, sustainable energy, nanotechnology, organic photonics, and astronomical instrumentation. ATTEND 4,500 Attendees Network with the leading minds SPIE OPTICS + in your discipline. PHOTONICS The largest international, multidisciplinary optical science 3,350 Papers and technology meeting in North Hear presentations America. on the latest research. 38 Courses & Workshops You can’t afford to stop learning. 180-Company Exhibition See optical devices, components, materials, and technologies. Contents Metamaterials, plasmonics, CNTs, Events Schedule . 2 graphene, thin films, spintronics, nanoengineering, optical trapping, SOCIAL, TECHNICAL, AND nanophotonic materials, nanomedicine, NETWORKING EVENTS Low-D and 2D materials - Technical ............................. 3-4 - Industry................................ 5 - Social Networking....................... 6 - Student .............................. 6-7 - Professional Development ............... 7 Thin films, concentrators, -
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Historical Perspective)
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (Historical Perspective) 40th SLAC Summer Institute · 2012 History is not just a thing of the past! 2 Symmetry Indistinguishable before and after a transformation Unobservable quantity would vanish if symmetry held Disorder order = reduced symmetry 3 Symmetry Bilateral Translational, rotational, … Ornamental Crystals 4 Symmetry CsI Fullerene C60 ball and stick created from a PDB using Piotr Rotkiewicz's [http://www.pirx.com/iMol/ iMol]. {{gfdl}} Source: English Wikipedia, 5 Symmetry (continuous) 6 Symmetry matters. 7 8 Symmetries & conservation laws Spatial translation Momentum Time translation Energy Rotational invariance Angular momentum QM phase Charge 9 Symmetric laws need not imply symmetric outcomes. 10 symmetries of laws ⇏ symmetries of outcomes by Wilson Bentley, via NOAA Photo Library Photo via NOAA Wilson Bentley, by Studies among the Snow Crystals ... CrystalsStudies amongSnow the ... 11 Broken symmetry is interesting. 12 Two-dimensional Ising model of ferromagnet http://boudin.fnal.gov/applet/IsingPage.html 13 Continuum of degenerate vacua 14 Nambu–Goldstone bosons V Betsy Devine Yoichiro Nambu �� 2 Massless NG boson 1 Massive scalar boson NGBs as spin waves, phonons, pions, … Jeffrey Goldstone 15 Symmetries imply forces. I: scale symmetry to unify EM, gravity Hermann Weyl (1918, 1929) 16 NEW Complex phase in QM ORIGINAL Global: free particle Local: interactions 17 Maxwell’s equations; QED massless spin-1 photon coupled to conserved charge no impediment to electron mass (eL & eR have same charge) James Clerk Maxwell (1861/2) 18 19 QED Fermion masses allowed Gauge-boson masses forbidden Photon mass term 1 2 µ 2 mγ A Aµ violates gauge invariance: AµA (Aµ ∂µΛ) (A ∂ Λ) = AµA µ ⇥ − µ − µ ⇤ µ Massless photon predicted 22 observed: mγ 10− me 20 Symmetries imply forces.