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Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia 02/02/21 21:01 Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia 02/02/21 21:01 Alexandra Elbakyan Alexandra Asanovna Elbakyan (Russian: Алекса́ндра Alexandra Elbakyan Аса́новна Элбакя́н,[1] born 1988)[2] is a Kazakhstani computer programmer and creator of the website Sci-Hub, which provides free access to research papers without regard to copyright.[3][4] According to Elbakyan, Sci-Hub has served over a billion science articles to its visitors since 2011.[5] Elbakyan has been described as "Science's Pirate Queen".[6] In 2016, Nature included her in their top ten people that mattered in science list.[7] Ars Technica has compared her to Aaron Swartz,[8] and The New York Times has compared her to Edward Snowden.[9] Contents Education Elbakyan at Harvard University in Creating Sci-Hub 2010 Views and controversies Born 6 November 1988 Works Almaty, Kazakh SSR, See also USSR References Nationality Kazakhstani Further reading Alma mater Satbayev Kazakh National Technical External links University Occupation Scientific activist Education Researcher Security hacker Elbakyan was born in Almaty, Kazakhstan on 6 November 1988.[2][10] She describes herself as being multiracial, of Years active Currently active Armenian, Slavic, and Asian descent.[11] Known for Sci-Hub In 2009, she obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Scientific career computer science from the Kazakh National Technical Fields Neural engineering, University, specializing in information security.[12][13] Computer science After a year working in computer security in Moscow, she had Website sci-hub.st/alexandra ( sufficient funds to go to University of Freiburg in 2010 to work https://sci-hub.st/alex on a brain–computer interface project.[14] She then developed andra) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan Page 1 of 7 Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia 02/02/21 21:01 an interest in transhumanism, which led to her summer internship in "Neuroscience and Consciousness" at Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States.[15] According to a 2016 interview, her neuroscience research was on hold, but she had enrolled in a history of science master's program at a "small private university" in an undisclosed location. Her thesis would focus on scientific communication.[12] In 2019, she graduated from Saint-Petersburg State University with a master's degree in linguistics.[16] Creating Sci-Hub Elbakyan returned to Kazakhstan in 2011.[17] 2011 was the same year she developed Sci-Hub, characterised by Science correspondent John Bohannon as "an awe-inspiring act of altruism or a massive criminal enterprise, depending on whom you ask."[12] Elbakyan is a strong supporter of the Open Access movement, and argues that websites like Sci- Hub are part of the goal Open Access proponents are striving towards.[18] Elbakyan believes that via this Open Access movement, citizens can become more informed.[19] Following a 2015 lawsuit brought in the US by the publisher Elsevier, Elbakyan remains in hiding due to the risk of extradition;[20] Elsevier was granted an injunction against her and $15 million in damages.[21][22] Elbakyan and Sci-Hub were again involved in a US lawsuit in 2017, this time with the American Chemical Society. ACS sued the site for copyright and trademark violations, and conversion.[23] Later that year, the court ruled in favor of ACS, fining Sci-Hub $4,800,000 in damages, enjoining further infringement, and prohibiting search engines and domain name registries from "facilitating access" to Sci-Hub.[24][25] In December 2016, Nature named Alexandra Elbakyan as one of the 10 people who most mattered in science that year.[7] Views and controversies Elbakyan has stated that she is inspired by communist ideals, although she does not consider herself a strict Marxist.[26] She has stated that she supports a strong state which can stand up to the Western world, and that she does not want "the scientists of Russia and of my native Kazakhstan to share the fates of the scientists of Iraq, Libya, and Syria, that were 'helped' by the USA to become more democratic."[27] In particular, Elbakyan is strongly critical of the former Dynasty Foundation (shut down in 2015) and its associated figures. She believes that the foundation was politicized, tied to Russia's liberal opposition, and fit the legal definition of a "foreign agent". Dynasty's founder, in her opinion, financed researchers whose political views agreed with its own.[27] Elbakyan states that after she began to investigate the foundation's activities and published her findings online, she became the target of a cyberharassment campaign by Dynasty's supporters.[28] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan Page 2 of 7 Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia 02/02/21 21:01 In 2017, a species of parasitoid wasps discovered by Russian and Mexican entomologists was named after Elbakyan (Idiogramma elbakyanae).[29] Elbakyan was offended by this, writing, "If you analyse the situation with scientific publications, the real parasites are scientific publishers, and Sci-Hub, on the contrary, fights for equal access to scientific information."[30] Following this event, and in the context of her long-running tense relations with the liberal, pro-Western wing of the Russian scientific community, she blocked access to Sci-Hub for users from the Russian Federation.[31] Sci-Hub access was later restored to Russia and Elbakyan said in an interview that many fans contacted her and convinced her "that the opinion of the so-called 'science popularizers' who attacked me on the Internet cannot be considered the opinion of the scientific community."[32] The Russian entomologist responsible for naming the wasp stated that he supports Sci-Hub, and that in any event, the naming was not an insult, in particular because parasitoids are closer to predators than to parasites.[33] In 2018, Elbakyan asked supporters of Sci-Hub to join their local Pirate Party in order to fight for copyright laws to be changed.[34] In December 2019, The Washington Post reported that Elbakyan was under investigation by the US Justice Department for suspected ties to Russia's military intelligence arm, the GRU, to steal U.S. military secrets from defense contractors.[35] Elbakyan has denied this, saying that Sci-Hub "is not in any way directly affiliated with Russian or some other country's intelligence," but noting that "of course, there could be some indirect help. The same as with donations, anyone can send them; they are completely anonymous, so I do not know who exactly is donating to Sci-Hub."[36] Works Elbakyan, Alexandra (2016-02-24). "Why Sci-Hub is the true solution for Open Access: reply to criticism" (https://engineuring.wordpress.com/2016/02/24/why-sci-hub-is-the-true-solution-for-o pen-access-reply-to-criticism). Elbakyan, Alexandra (2016-05-20). "Why Science is Better with Communism? The Case of Sci-Hub" (https://openaccess.unt.edu/symposium/2016/info/transcript-and-translation-sci-hub-p resentation). Open Access Symposium 2016, University of North Texas. See also Peter Sunde Library Genesis Open Access ICanHazPDF References 1. "Элбакян Александра Асановна / RUNET-ID" (https://runet-id.com/103103/). runet-id.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07. 2. Coralie Trinh Thi (2016). "Alexandra Elbakyan: la pirate scientifique" (https://web.archive.org/w eb/20170111182330/http://www.ladn.eu/reflexion/articles-parus-dans-ladn-revue/alexandra-elb akyan-la-pirate-scientifique/) (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.ladn.eu/reflexio n/articles-parus-dans-ladn-revue/alexandra-elbakyan-la-pirate-scientifique/) on January 11, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan Page 3 of 7 Alexandra Elbakyan - Wikipedia 02/02/21 21:01 n/articles-parus-dans-ladn-revue/alexandra-elbakyan-la-pirate-scientifique/) on January 11, 2017. "Née en 1988 au Kazakhstan... elle étudie les neurosciences à Astana et son université n'a pas les moyens de payer l'abonnement aux publications des éditeurs scientifiques. Pour son projet de recherche (l'interactivité cerveau-machine), elle aurait dû acheter chaque article autour de 30 dollars – un prix faramineux quand on sait qu'il faut consulter des dizaines ou des centaines d'articles. Elle n'a qu'une solution: les pirater" 3. "Transcript and translation of Sci-Hub presentation" (http://openaccess.unt.edu/symposium/201 6/info/transcript-and-translation-sci-hub-presentation). University of North Texas. Retrieved January 1, 2017. "We have a recent addition to our lineup of speakers that we'll start off the day with: Alexandra Elbakyan. As many of you know, Alexandra is a Kazakhstani graduate student, computer programmer, and the creator of the controversial Sci-Hub site." 4. Dylla, H. Frederick (2016-03-21). "No need for researchers to break the law to access scientific publications". Physics Today. doi:10.1063/PT.5.2031 (https://doi.org/10.1063%2FPT.5.2031). ISSN 0031-9228 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9228). 5. "sci-hub" (https://vk.com/sci_hub?z=photo-36928352_457240383%2Falbum-36928352_00%2 Frev). Vkontakte. Retrieved 20 September 2020. 6. Graber-Stiehl, Ian (2018-02-08). "Science's Pirate Queen" (https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/8 /16985666/alexandra-elbakyan-sci-hub-open-access-science-papers-lawsuit). The Verge. Retrieved 1 November 2018. 7. "Nature's 10: Ten people who mattered this year" (https://doi.org/10.1038%2F540507a). Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. 2016-03-12. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507. (https://ui.adsabs.har vard.edu/abs/2016Natur.540..507.). doi:10.1038/540507a (https://doi.org/10.1038%2F540507a ). PMID 30905952 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30905952). "In 2009, when she was a graduate student working on her final-year research project in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Elbakyan became frustrated at being unable to read many scholarly papers because she couldn't afford them..." 8. Kravets, David (3 April 2016). "A spiritual successor to Aaron Swartz is angering publishers all over again" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170111180537/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2 016/04/a-spiritual-successor-to-aaron-swartz-is-angering-publishers-all-over-again/).
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