Melhorias Na Gestão De Stocks De Matérias-Primas Na Indústria De Mobiliário Rúben Fernando Rios Pinto

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Melhorias Na Gestão De Stocks De Matérias-Primas Na Indústria De Mobiliário Rúben Fernando Rios Pinto Melhorias na gestão de stocks de matérias-primas na indústria de mobiliário Rúben Fernando Rios Pinto Dissertação de Mestrado Orientador na FEUP: Prof. Paulo Luís Cardoso Osswald Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial 2018-07-02 Melhorias na gestão de stocks de matérias-primas na indústria de mobiliário One's work may be finished someday, but one's education never. Alexandre Dumas ii Melhorias na gestão de stocks de matérias-primas na indústria de mobiliário Resumo A capacidade de armazenamento de uma fábrica ficou muito limitada em relação ao espaço disponível para stocks de materiais. Este facto decorreu da recente industrialização de uma nova gama de produtos e consequentes alterações ao nível do layout e aumento de atividades em fábrica (novos equipamentos, fluxos produtivos, etc.) para responder a volumes de produção maiores previstos para breve. Surgiu assim a motivação e a necessidade de rever e atualizar os níveis de stock dos armazéns que fazem o abastecimento dos materiais às linhas de produção. A situação para os materiais de embalagens é a mais crítica devido à limitação de armazenagem ser a maior para esta classe. Deste modo, o projeto focou-se nesta classe de materiais. O problema proposto enquadra-se na área da logística dos materiais, ao nível do planeamento de stocks de segurança, da redução de quantidades mínimas de encomenda, e da redefinição de modelos de aprovisionamento. Para redefinir os stocks de segurança foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, sob orientação do departamento, que calcula o número de paletes necessárias, tendo em conta a atribuição de pesos a fatores considerados relevantes para o cálculo do stock de segurança como, o nível de serviço dos fornecedores, relativamente a três dimensões: o cumprimento das datas de entrega, de quantidades e da qualidade das encomendas; os desvios de previsões e desvios de inventário, e ainda o consumo previsto e frequência de consumo dos materiais. Esta proposta aumenta o número total de paletes em relação ao stock de segurança atual em 36 paletes, atendendo-se aos requisitos do departamento, embora com a mesma se normalize o processo de definição do stock de segurança, podendo esta abordagem ser futuramente objeto de melhorias. Uma outra proposta foi desenvolvida tendo em vista a redução da quantidade mínima de encomenda de referências cuja previsão de consumo semanal fosse inferior à quantidade mínima de encomenda estabelecida. Uma análise do binómio custo-benefício para uma proposta de redução dos MOQs foi realizada, tendo-se obtido uma redução do nível médio de stock em 50 paletes para 39 referências selecionadas na análise, a partir de um conjunto de materiais candidatos. Outra proposta foi desenvolvida para o estudo e seleção de fornecedores que se encontrassem em condições favoráveis para a implementação de um novo modelo de aprovisionamento pretendido pelo departamento. A localização do fornecedor e o número de descargas semanais realizadas foram critérios utilizados para a escolha dos fornecedores, esperando-se uma redução do nível médio de stock em armazém, após a operacionalização do novo modelo de entregas. Por último, foi realizada uma estimativa da capacidade de um dos armazéns da fábrica através de uma média ponderada de rácios de utilização para as localizações padrão especificadas no layout do armazém. Estes rácios foram calculados individualmente para cada item existente em armazém. A métrica é útil para posterior comparação da evolução do nível de stock versus a capacidade livre do armazém, permitindo uma melhor monitorização e controlo dos espaços disponíveis em armazém. iii Improvements in stock management of raw materials in the furniture industry Abstract The storage capacity of a factory became very limited in terms of available space for raw materials stocks. This fact results from the recent industrialization of a new product range which lead to layout changes and increases in the factory activities (new equipment, production flows, etc.) in response to higher production volumes expected in the future. Given this situation, the motivation and need to revise and update the stock levels in the warehouses within the factory came up. Since the packaging materials was the class with the most critical situation regarding the storage area available, the project focused on them. This problem fits in the area of material logistics, at the level of safety stock planning, minimum order quantity reduction and supply model redefinition. To redefine safety stocks a tool was developed with the assistance of the planning department. It calculates the number of pallets needed, by taking in account the attribution of weights to factors considered as relevant like, the suppliers service levels regarding three dimensions: fulfilment of delivery dates, quantities and quality, and moreover the forecast deviations, inventory deviations, forecast consumption and the consumption frequency of the materials. Although this proposal increases the total number of pallets in safety stock by 36 pallets, it normalizes the process of defining the safety stocks, and can be also object of future improvements. Another proposal was developed concerning the minimum order quantity reduction of items whose weekly forecasted consumption was lower than the actual minimum order quantity. A cost-benefit analysis was undertook, resulting in a decrease on the average stock level by 50 pallets for 39 items selected in the analysis, from a pool of material candidates selected for the reduction. One more proposal was developed to study and select suppliers that were in favourable conditions to implement a new supply delivery method suggested by the department. The location and the number of weekly deliveries of the suppliers were the criteria used to choose the ones who were in position to implement the new supply model, being expected, after the operationalization of this type of deliveries, a reduction on the warehouse average stock levels. Lastly, it was estimated the storage capacity of one of the factory warehouses through a weighted arithmetic mean of utilization ratios for standard locations in the warehouse. These ratios were individually calculated for each item on the warehouse. This metric is useful to compare the stock level evolution against the free capacity of the warehouse, allowing a better control of the available storage space. iv Agradecimentos Ao Eng.º André Moura não só pela disponibilidade, orientação, acompanhamento e apoio mas também pelos conhecimentos e conselhos transmitidos durante o decorrer do projeto. A todos os colaboradores da BoF, em particular aos planeadores dos materiais, pela disponibilidade e abertura proporcionados no esclarecimento de todas as questões e dúvidas que surgiram. À Maria e Andreia, pela disponibilidade e ajuda prestada, e pelo bom ambiente de trabalho que proporcionaram ao longo de todo o projeto. Ao IKEA Industry Portugal pela oportunidade e condições disponibilizadas durante o projeto. Ao professor Paulo Osswald pela orientação prestada durante o projeto. Por fim, aos meus pais pelas oportunidades e condições que me proporcionaram ao longo de todos estes anos para a minha formação, e pelo apoio e força transmitidos nos momentos mais difíceis neste percurso. v Índice de Conteúdos 1 Introdução ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Enquadramento do projeto e motivação .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Grupo IKEA .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 IKEA Industry Portugal S.A. ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objetivos do projeto ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Método seguido no projeto ................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Estrutura da dissertação ...................................................................................................................... 6 2 Enquadramento teórico ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Gestão da Cadeia de Abastecimento ................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Gestão Logística .................................................................................................................................. 8 2.3 Configurações de cadeias de abastecimento ....................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Ponto de desacoplamento ............................................................................................... 10 2.4 Ambientes de Produção ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Efeito chicote ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.6 Gestão de Stocks ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.6.1 Stock cíclico ....................................................................................................................
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