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A Tool for Freedom Or Suppression?

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A Tool for Freedom Or Suppression? THE INTERNET IN CHINA: A TOOL FOR FREEDOM OR SUPPRESSION? JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 15, 2006 Serial No. 109–157 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 26–075PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:43 Jun 20, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\AGI\021506\26075.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio EDWARD R. ROYCE, California BRAD SHERMAN, California PETER T. KING, New York ROBERT WEXLER, Florida STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RON PAUL, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York DARRELL ISSA, California BARBARA LEE, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon MARK GREEN, Wisconsin SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JERRY WELLER, Illinois GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana ADAM B. SCHIFF, California THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan DIANE E. WATSON, California KATHERINE HARRIS, Florida ADAM SMITH, Washington JOE WILSON, South Carolina BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California CONNIE MACK, Florida VACANT JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska MICHAEL MCCAUL, Texas TED POE, Texas THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Staff Director/General Counsel ROBERT R. KING, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:43 Jun 20, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\021506\26075.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey JEFF FLAKE, Arizona GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York MARK GREEN, Wisconsin BARBARA LEE, California JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas DIANE E. WATSON, California JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon Vice Chairman MARY M. NOONAN, Subcommittee Staff Director GREG SIMPKINS, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member NOELLE LUSANE, Democratic Professional Staff Member SHERI A. RICKERT, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member and Counsel LINDSEY M. PLUMLEY, Staff Associate SUBCOMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa, Chairman DAN BURTON, Indiana, Vice Chairman ENI F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio STEVE CHABOT, Ohio EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon RON PAUL, Texas ADAM SMITH, Washington JOE WILSON, South Carolina GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York BRAD SHERMAN, California JAMES W. MCCORMICK, Subcommittee Staff Director LISA M. WILLIAMS, Democratic Professional Staff Member DOUGLAS ANDERSON, Professional Staff Member & Counsel TIERNEN M. DONALD, Staff Associate (III) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:43 Jun 20, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\021506\26075.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:43 Jun 20, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\021506\26075.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES The Honorable David A. Gross, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Communications and Information Policy, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, U.S. Department of State ...................................................................... 32 Mr. James R. Keith, Senior Advisor for China and Mongolia, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State ............................... 35 Mr. Michael Callahan, Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Yahoo! Inc. ......................................................................................................................... 55 Mr. Jack Krumholtz, Managing Director of Federal Government Affairs and Associate General Counsel, Microsoft Corporation ........................................... 60 Mr. Elliot Schrage, Vice President for Corporate Communications and Public Affairs, Google, Inc. .............................................................................................. 65 Mr. Mark Chandler, Vice President and General Counsel, Cisco Systems, Inc. ......................................................................................................................... 77 Mr. Harry Wu, Publisher, China Information Center .......................................... 124 Ms. Libby Liu, President, Radio Free Asia ............................................................ 143 Mr. Xiao Qiang, Director, China Internet Project, University of California- Berkeley ................................................................................................................ 149 Ms. Lucie Morillon, Washington Representative, Reporters Without Borders ... 153 Ms. Sharon Hom, Executive Director, Human Rights in China .......................... 159 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Christopher H. Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations: Prepared statement ................ 5 The Honorable Dan Burton, a Representative in Congress from the State of Indiana: Prepared statement .......................................................................... 20 The Honorable David A. Gross: Prepared statement ........................................... 33 Mr. James R. Keith: Prepared statement .............................................................. 37 Mr. Michael Callahan: Prepared statement .......................................................... 57 Mr. Jack Krumholtz: Prepared statement ............................................................. 62 Mr. Elliot Schrage: Prepared statement ................................................................ 68 Mr. Mark Chandler: Prepared statement .............................................................. 78 Mr. Harry Wu: Prepared statement ....................................................................... 127 Ms. Libby Liu: Prepared statement ....................................................................... 145 Mr. Xiao Qiang: Prepared statement ..................................................................... 151 Ms. Lucie Morillon: Prepared statement ............................................................... 156 Ms. Sharon Hom: Prepared statement .................................................................. 165 APPENDIX Information on United States IT Companies involvement in PRC ..................... 179 Mr. David Jackson, Director, Voice of America: Statement submitted for the record .................................................................................................................... 181 Uyghur Press Release ............................................................................................. 184 Mr. Tom Malinowski, Washington Advocacy Director, Human Rights Watch: Statement submitted for the record ................................................................... 187 Mr. John G. Palfrey, Jr., Clinical Professor of Law & Executive Director, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard Law School: Statement submitted for the record ...................................................................................... 193 Mr. T. Kumar, Advocacy Director for Asia and the Pacific, Amnesty Inter- national USA: Statement submitted for the record .......................................... 201 (V) VerDate Mar 21 2002 15:43 Jun 20, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\021506\26075.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VI Page Ms. Ann Cooper, Executive Director, Committee to Protect Journalists: State- ment submitted for the record ............................................................................ 217 Mr. Lance M. Cottrell, Global Privacy Advocate, Founder and Chief Scientist, Anonymizer, Inc.: Statement submitted for the record ..................................... 223 Joint Investor Statement on Freedom of Expression and the Internet .............. 226 Boston Common Asset Management: Statement submitted for the record ........ 227 Ms. Pam Dixon, Executive Director, World Privacy Forum ................................. 228 Peter Yuan Li, Ph.D: Statement submitted for the record .................................. 229 Ms. Charlotte Oldham-Moore, Director of Government Relations, Inter- national Campaign for Tibet: Statement submitted for the record ................. 235 Responses from the Honorable David A. Gross to questions submitted for the record by the Honorable Christopher H. Smith and the Honorable Thomas G. Tancredo,
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