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The English Bible a CONCISE SUMMARY Adapted from Various Sources

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The English Bible a CONCISE SUMMARY Adapted from Various Sources The English Bible A CONCISE SUMMARY Adapted from Various Sources 3RD EDITION REVISED: 2017-03-30 The English Bible: A Concise Summary © 2010-2017, Jeremiah W. Montgomery All Scripture quotations in this guide are taken from The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®, copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. PUBLISHED BY RESURRECTION a congregation of the ORTHODOX PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH resurrectionopc.org | 814-206-0186 WHY WE SHOULD READ THE BIBLE Knowing God Through Biblical Meditation How do we come to know the true and living God? The British pastor J.I. Packer writes: Knowing God involves, first, listening to God’s Word and receiving it as the Holy Spirit interprets it, in application to oneself; second, noting God’s nature and character, as his Word and works reveal it; third, accepting his invitations and doing what he commands; fourth, recognizing and rejoicing in the love that he has shown in thus approaching you and drawing you into this divine fellowship…. we know God in this way only through knowing Jesus Christ, who is himself God manifest on the flesh…. “My sheep listen to voice,” says Jesus; “I know them, and they follow me” (Jn 10.27)… Jesus’ voice is ‘heard’ when Jesus’ claim is acknowledged, his promise trusted and his call answered. From then on, Jesus is known as shepherd, and those who trust him he knows as his own sheep.1 We know God through the promises of Christ, as revealed to us in the Bible. Reading the Bible, then, is very important in the life of a Christian – along with prayer, Christian relationships, and public worship. But how should we read the Bible? With God’s help, our goal in reading the Bible should be threefold: 1. Information: Understand the details and drama (story) of the text. 2. Meditation: Based on the details/drama, understand the doctrines (truths) of the text. 3. Communion: From the doctrines of the text, proceed to doxology (prayer and worship). The information provided in this guide is meant to help us begin to come to terms with the information of the Bible. But what does it mean to ‘meditate’ on the Bible? Here is a helpful definition: Meditation is the activity of calling to mind, and thinking over, and dwelling on, and applying to oneself, the various things that one knows about the works and ways and purposes and promises of God. It is an activity of holy thought, consciously performed in the presence of God, under the eye of God, by the help of God, as a means of communion with God.2 Another writer summarized meditation like this: “Meditation is taking the truth down into our hearts until it catches fire there and begins to melt and shape our reactions to God, ourselves, and the world.”3 God speaks to us in Scripture. We speak to him in prayer. Meditation on the text of the Bible forms the bridge between these two forms of communication. By meditating on what God says in Scripture, he helps us learn to think his truths and share his perspective, believe the things he promises, love the things he loves, desire the things he desires, and obey the things he commands. This is how the Holy Spirit changes those who receive and believe the promises of Jesus – we are “transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect,” (Romans 12.2). This transformation shapes our life with God, our prayers to God, and our worship of God. Therefore, it is very important to know how to read the Bible – how to move from the Bible’s information to meditation to communion, from the details and drama to the doctrines to doxology. The material that follows below is intended to help us in this task. Where to Begin? If you are new to the study of the Bible, the present author suggests the following course: 1. Read the short introductions to both the Old Testament (p. 4) and the New Testament (p. 43). 2. Read the fourth book of the New Testament, the Gospel According to John. As you read, constantly ask yourself three questions: 1) What does this tell me about who Jesus is – his identity? 2) What does this tell me about what Jesus gives – his promises? 3) Do I believe Jesus will keep his promises to me? What if it’s all true? 3. After reading about the promises of Jesus in John, read more of the history of Jesus and the Christian church in the Gospel According to Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. 4. Once you finish these, consult the “90 Day Survey of the Bible” reading plan (p. 92). 1 J.I. Packer, Knowing God (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 1993), 37-38. 2 Ibid., 23. 3 Timothy J. Keller, Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God (New York: Dutton, 2014), 150. PREFACE TO THE 3RD EDITION The present edition of this work seeks to enhance the original in several ways: 1. An introductory essay on the importance of biblical meditation – “Why We Should Read the Bible.” 2. An appendix has been added that incorporates the written material from the author’s nine-part adult Sunday School class on “How to Read the Bible.” These lessons were based, with permission, on previous lectures given by Dr. Benjamin Shaw of Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary – to whom the present author is gratefully indebted. 3. The addition of introductions to both the Old and New Testaments. 4. The inclusion of several Bible reading plans. 5. Minor content revisions have been made, and numerous typographical errors have been fixed. The aim of this edition is the same as that of its predecessor – to help Christians read their Bibles better. Pastor Jeremiah Montgomery State College, PA January 2017 INTRODUCTION This summary guide to the English Bible has its origins in the author’s own studies. While studying for licensure in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, the present writer searched for a concise summary of the English Bible. At that time, many introductions and surveys of the Bible had been published. Several good study Bibles made available brief distillations of these larger works. Yet the author found that even the best study Bibles tended to contain more detail than could be practically committed to memory. What was needed was a short work that would summarize the data of each book of the Bible and provide a simple outline within a single page. Finding no such resource, the author set out to create one. The result was the first version of this guide. Several years later, the author had the opportunity to review and revise his earlier work in conjunction with an adult Sunday School course taught at Resurrection Orthodox Presbyterian Church. In addition to revising the previously gathered material covering general data and outlines, the author drew on additional resources to provide key features for each book of Scripture. In most cases, footnotes provide citations to the materials used. Readers will notice a particular debt to The ESV Study Bible, published by Crossway, and to How to Read the Bible through the Jesus Lens, written by Michael Williams and published by Zondervan. Both of these are outstanding and commendable resources, worthy of a place on the shelves of a serious student of Scripture. In the Old Testament, one will note numerous citations to the lectures of Dr. Benjamin Shaw, the author’s Old Testament professor at Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary. In the New Testament, especially in the Gospels and Acts, much help was gleaned from An Introduction to the New Testament, written by D.A. Carson and Douglas J. Moo and published by Zondervan. References to ‘WCF,’ ‘WLC,’ and ‘WSC’ are to the Westminster Confession of Faith, Larger Catechism, and Shorter Catechism, respectively. The maps provided in this guide are the author’s only original contribution. For the rest, the author has endeavored merely to draw upon and distill the work of others. If this guide helps even one Christian read the Bible better, it will have achieved its purpose. Particular thanks goes to Mr. John and Mrs. Barbara Siggins, who lent the present author the use of their cabin in Penfield, Pennsylvania, during the preparation of the intertestamental and New Testament portions of this guide. Pastor Jeremiah Montgomery State College, Pennsylvania January 2015 CONTENTS Approximate Chronology of Biblical Books . 1 Approximate Timeline of Biblical Events . 2 The Old Testament Introduction & Map . 4 The Pentateuch . 5 The Former Prophets . 10 Chart – Kings of Israel & Judah . 15 The Psalms . 20 The Prophets . 24 The Intertestamental Period . 41 The New Testament Introduction & Map . 43 Gospel & Synoptic Issues . 44 Gospels & Acts . 45 The Epistles . 50 Revelation . 69 Map of Israel . 70 How to Read the Bible The Compass . 71 The History of Biblical Interpretation . 73 The Word of God in the Languages of Men . 75 Context, Context, Context! . 77 The Big Story . 79 Amplification . 81 Typology & Prophecy . 83 Poetry . 85 New Testament Use of the Old Testament . 87 Bible Reading Plans Read the Whole Bible . 89 90 Day Survey of the Bible . 92 APPROXIMATE CHRONOLOGY OF BIBLICAL BOOKS The Old Testament (1446-400 BC) The Intertestamental Period (400 BC – AD 1) The Law/Pentateuch (1446-1406 BC) The New Testament (AD 50-95) o Genesis o Exodus The Synoptics & Acts (AD 50-70) o Leviticus o Matthew (50-70) o Numbers o Mark (55-70) o Deuteronomy o Luke (60-65) o Acts (60-65) The Former Prophets (1406-550 BC) o Joshua (1406-1350) The Pauline & Catholic Epistles (AD 40-70) o Judges (1375-1050) o James (40-45) o 1 & 2 Samuel (930-913) o Galatians (48) o 1 & 2 Kings (560-550) o 1 & 2 Thessalonians (49-51) o 1 Corinthians (53-55) The Latter Prophets (835-433 BC) o 2 Corinthians (55-56) o Pre-Exilic Prophets (835-553) o Romans (57) .
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