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Quintana Roo Mexico

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Quintana Roo Mexico QUINTANA JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE ROO FOREST NO FOREST MEXICO DEFORESTATION (1985-2014) LOW-EMISSION RURAL DRIVERS OF Large-scale agriculture DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) DEFORESTATION Small-scale agriculture AT A GLANCE Small-scale cattle ranching Fire • Yucatan Peninsula Framework Agreement on New settlements Sustainability (ASPY) 2030 signed with 2 other AVERAGE ANNUAL 1.81 Mt CO2 (2010-2015) Yucatan Peninsula (PY) states (Campeche, Yucatán) EMISSIONS FROM Includes above-ground biomass & Data sources: to commit to sustainable development practices DEFORESTATION below-ground biomass Socio-economic: INEGI, OECD AREA 42,361 km2 Deforestation: CONAFOR data CHETUMAL based on INEGI LULC maps • ASPY contested based on lack of consultations POPULATION 1,709,479 (2018) with Mayan communities; on legal hold until HDI 75.36 (2012) consultations are carried out GDP USD 13.56 billion (2016, Base Deforestation year 2013) GDP • 64% of jurisdictional territory communally-owned Average deforestation GINI 0.490 (2014) & managed (ejidal land) 1.5 244,139 250,000 MAIN ECONOMIC Trade • 30+ years of community-based forest management 2 ACTIVITIES 200,000 MILLIONS MXN & sustainable timber harvesting Services Real estate services 1.0 • Only state in PY to enact a State Climate Change 150,000 RURAL/URBAN 12%/88% Law POPULATION 100,000 0.5 • State Investment Program (PI) for national FCPF 50,000 Carbon Fund Emission Reduction Initiative (IRE) HUNDREDS OF Km covers 73% of state forest area 0.0 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION 2002 2015 The Municipal Association for the Environment of the South of agencies to define aligned and complementary objectives and Quintana Roo (AMUSUR) is an initiative to reduce deforestation and priorities. CONAFOR and the Mexico REDD+ Alliance provided start-up degradation while promoting social benefits, using an inter-municipal funding for AMUSUR. Going forward, each municipality will establish governance model. Established in 2013 and ratified in 2017, AMUSUR an escrow and allocation for activity completion. This structure came to fruition with influence from successful inter-municipal models increases state and municipal capacities to manage and administer in Jalisco and Yucatán. The same four municipalities that are included future available funds efficiently and transparently. Obstacles thus in the state’s PI for the national IRE comprise AMUSUR. AMUSUR aligns far include frequent turnover in municipal governments – threatening municipal and state development plans for climate change mitigation, programs’ continuity – and inability to consolidate funds to become increasing protection of environmental services while improving fully operational. However, the cooperative nature of the initiative local populations’ well-being and livelihoods. Municipal presidents and formation of an inter-municipal alliance provide a significant collaborate with representatives of national (CONABIO, CONAFOR) and opportunity for Quintana Roo to facilitate and utilize regionally state (Secretary of Rural Agricultural Development and Fish – SEDARPE) applicable environmental research and analyses. TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS Yucatan Peninsula Consultative Technical Committee (CTC) REDD+ PY established Coordination State Climate Change Law enacted Forest Pilot Program created; forest Agreement on Climate technicians promoted permanent Change signed State CTC REDD+ established forest areas & participatory (precursor to ASPY) State Climate Change Action Program (PEACC) enacted community forestry management Joined Governors’ Climate and Forests Task Force (GCF) First ejidos FSC-certified for Sustainable Forest Management EEREDD+ draft finished (not yet published) Jul 2018 - National elections 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 2020 2030 2040 2050 PLEDGES & Part of international agreement or forum COMMITMENTS Rio Branco Declaration1 Under2 MOU2 Bonn Challenge3 1 Reduce deforestation 80% below baseline. 2 Limit JURISDICTIONAL emissions 80-95% below 1990 levels. 3 Restore 0.3 million New York Declaration on Forests4 ha (2020), contributing to Mexico’s national 8.5 million ha pledge & 0.4 million ha (2030) as stand-alone commitment. 5 ASPY 4 End deforestation. 5 Contribute to PY-wide goal: Achieve 6 net-zero deforestation & restore 2 million ha degraded land. State REDD+ Strategy (EEREDD+) 6 Reduce deforested areas 80%, restore 700,000 ha forest, increase ​​forest conservation areas 35%, among others. 7 Nationally Determined Contribute to national goal: Reduce GHG emissions 25% NATIONAL Contribution (NDC) to UNFCCC7 below BAU (up to 40% conditional on global agreement). KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES NATIONAL PUBLIC1 Special Program for the Yucatán Peninsula (PEPY) Ejido communities, MULTILATERAL NATIONAL rural producers, IP, 1 OTHER2 PUBLIC Territorial integration of productive reconversion, conservation, & sustainable women management activities 1 NATIONAL PUBLIC Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) Program Ejido communities, MULTILATERAL NATIONAL 2 Small-scale private OTHER PUBLIC1 NATIONAL PUBLIC3 Biodiversity & hydrological services conservation landowners REGIONAL (PY) PUBLIC4 REGIONAL Yucatán Peninsula Framework Agreement on Sustainability (ASPY) Private sector, rural 6,4 MULTILATERAL OTHER2 (PY) PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL producers, fishers, civil 3 Implement common goals & coordinate strategies between public sector & key INTERNATIONAL NON- NON-PROFIT society PROFIT5 stakeholders for sustainability across the Yucatán Peninsula REGIONAL Municipal associations, 6 Yucatán Peninsula Climate Fund (FCPY) INTERNATIONAL (PY) PUBLIC NGOs, municipal & ACADEMIA8 7 OTHER INTERNATIONAL Diversify financial resources for Regional Climate Change Strategy (CCPY) state govts, IP, producer 5 NON-PROFIT implementation cooperatives, academia 1 National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR). 2 World Bank. 3 Mexican Forest Fund. 4 FCPY. 5 The Nature Conservancy. 6 Regional Climate Change Commission. 7 Mexico REDD+ Alliance [The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Rainforest Alliance, Woods Hole Research Center, & Espacios Naturales y Desarrollo Sustentable (ENDESU)]. 8 University of Quintana Roo. PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES Integrated LED-R • EEREDD+, PEACC, PI, & Regional REDD+ Strategy PY address deforestation drivers, set CHALLENGES targets for 2020 & 2030; implementation limited by finance availability Strategy • Federal & state rural development subsidies do not Spatial plan • Local Ecological Ordering Programs (POEL) regulate land use in 9 of 11 municipalities include sustainability criteria (remaining 2 to be added 2018) • Overcomplicated forestry laws & bureaucracy in • 50% of ejidal lands covered by Community Territorial Ordinances (OTC) regulating agencies impede effective & timely implementation of state policies Performance • EEREDD+, PI, regional & international agreements establish statewide performance targets targets • State budget favors tourism over conservation & agricultural sectors Monitoring, • Selva Maya Observatory (OSM) -- composed of public, civil society & academic • Disconnect between private & public sectors → reporting & institutions – collects & analyzes emissions data limited access to finance & support for small & verification (MRV) • No formal state MRV system; unclear influence of OSM in government planning medium-scale producers Policies & • EEREDD+ & PI align with national & international level agendas • Unclear understandings of LED-R concepts amongst incentives • High inter-state & inter-agency coordination of policies & programs contribute to stakeholders → difficulties applying concepts locally successful collaboration across PY region • Lack of secure financing to support LED-R in the • Numerous multi-stakeholder governance platforms include representatives of public, long-term Multi-stakeholder governance private, NGO, & IP sector OPPORTUNITIES • State REDD+ Working Group (GT-REDD+) influences state land use policies • ASPY marks a strong LED-R commitment of Sustainable • Limited financial support or private sector initiative to incentivize sustainable practices public, private, & academic sectors that provides agriculture • FSC-certified forest management in ejidos improves traceability of products momentum for continuation of programs • Comunidades de Aprendizaje initiative promotes producer knowledge exchange for • Information exchange between communities & sustainable land management practices producers with the Comunidades de Aprendizaje Initiative Indigenous • Mexico’s Constitution secures land tenure peoples & local • Various state & national agencies (RAN, Procuradaria Agraria, INEGI) continually • Inter-secretarial agreements between national communities update land title maps agencies (e.g. CONAFOR-SAGARPA-CONABIO Agrosilvopastoral Agreement) establish LED-R finance • Heavy reliance on national & international sources of finance, especially World Bank coordinated state-level commitments • FCPY is responsible for attracting funding to facilitate implementation of the PY states’ • High level of interest from producers to learn about PI & ASPY activities; currently inactive & improve management practices CITATION | D. Rodriguez-Ward & O. David. 2018. “Quintana Roo, Mexico” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), The State of Jurisdictional Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR; Boulder, CO: GCF-TF. COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability 2018/12/03 TECHNICAL TEAM SUPPORTEDSupported by: BY Earth Innovation Institute based on a decision of the German Bundestag.
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