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Home , Antiarrhythmic agent, Barbiturate, Benzoylecgonine, Bupropion, Buspirone, Butorphanol

FACT SHEET:

The Toxicology Section routinely tests for more than Benztropine is a drug used in the treatment of 150 , including common drugs of abuse, volatiles, . Medical literature warns that central , , benztropine may impair mental and/or physical abilities , , psychotropic drugs, required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as over the counter , and therapeutic drugs. driving a motor . These include: (BZP) is a recreational drug with euphoric, properties. The effects produced by 11-Hydroxy- (Hydroxy-THC) is BZP are comparable to those produced by a of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major . psychoactive constituent of marijuana. is an available as an 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Carboxy- over-the-counter drug. It may cause central nervous THC) is a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the system effects. major psychoactive constituent of marijuana. is a long-acting local which is 6-Monoacetylmorphine is an of structurally similar to . . Its presence in biological samples is indicative (Buprenex) is a synthetic of heroin use. which is structurally related to . It is 7-Aminoclonazepam is a metabolite of the drug used for the treatment of moderate to severe and (Klonopin) a is approximately 25 to 40 times more potent than depressant of the class. morphine. 7-Aminoflunitrazepam is a metabolite of (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is an (Rohypnol), a potent central nervous system drug that is also used for cessation. depressant of the benzodiazepine class. Buproprion Metabolite is a byproduct of buproprion Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a non-narcotic analgesic (Wellbutrin, Zyban). Buproprion is an antidepressant with effects. drug that is also used for . is a common for plastics, , and (Buspar) is used therapeutically for the . Endogenous acetone may be present as a treatment of disorders. result of certain medical conditions. is a short to intermediate-acting Alpha-hydroxyalprazolam is an active metabolite of commonly compounded with , , and the anti-anxiety benzodiazepine drug occasionally . The drug is prescribed for the (Xanax). It may cause central nervous system treatment of tension and may cause central depressant effects. nervous system depressant effects. Alpha-hydroxymidazolam is an active metabolite of (Stadol) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic the benzodiazepine drug . that is structurally related to morphine. Butorphanol is Alpha- is a metabolite of the used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and sedative/ benzodiazepine drug triazolam. has a of 5 to 8 times that of morphine. Alprazolam (Xanax) is a benzodiazepine class of (Tegretol) is structurally related to the drugs. It is prescribed for management of anxiety and is currently used as an disorders. It may cause central nervous system drug. It may cause central nervous depressant effects. system depressant effects. (Elavil, Endep) is a tricyclic (soma) is a rapidly acting muscle antidepressant drug used in the treatment of relaxant available in prescription form. It may cause . It may cause central nervous system central nervous system depressant effects. depressant effects. (Zyrtec)an antihistamine, is a major is an antidepressant drug that may result in metabolite of , used in the treatment of central system depressant effects. Amoxapine may be , hay , angioedema, and urticaria. present as a metabolite of . (Librium) is a member of the Amphetamine (Benzedrine, Dexedrine) is a central benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is prescribed as an nervous system stimulant with a high potential for anti-anxiety drug. It may cause central nervous system abuse. It may be detected in biological samples as a depressant effects. Chlordiazepoxide is metabolized to metabolite of . nordiazepam and . Antipyrine is a drug used primarily an analgesic used Chlorpheniramine is an over-the-counter antihistamine as a component of topical solutions for decongestion found in many cold and . It may and analgesia in acute . cause central nervous system depressant effects. Benzoylecgonine is a hydrolysis product of (Thorazine) is a potent anti-psychotic without pharmacological activity. Its presence in a drug. It may cause central nervous system depressant biological sample is an indication of cocaine use. effects.

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Citalopram (Celexa) is a selective (Cardiazem) is a inhibitor. It is used therapeutically for the treatment of that is prescribed for the treatment of , depression. , and . This cardiovascular is a used drug may cause depressant effects. primarily in the treatment of obsessive and compulsive () is an antihistamine behavior. It may cause central nervous system available in many over-the-counter cold, allergy, and depressant effects. medications. It may cause central Clonazepam (Klonopin, Clonopin, Rivotril) is a nervous system depressant effects. benzodiazepine derivative used primarily for (Adapin) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug disorders. It may cause central nervous system used in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety. It depressant effects. may cause central nervous system depressant effects. is a potent antihypertensive agent which may (Unisom) is an antihistamine contained in cause central nervous system depressant effects. many over-the-counter cold preparations. It is used (Clozaril) is an drug that is primarily as a -inducing agent. It may cause used for the treatment of severely ill schizophrenic central nervous system effects. patients that do not respond to standard antipsychotic EDDP is a metabolite of , a synthetic opioid. drug treatment. It may result in central nervous system Its presence in a biological sample is an indication of depressant effects. methadone use. is enzymatically produced when cocaine / are used as a nasal and are consumed. Cocaethylene is and in various over-the- pharmacologically active and its presence in a counter cold and allergy medications. These biological sample is an indication of cocaine use. substances have stimulant-like effects and are Cocaine is a potent naturally occurring central nervous encountered in various dietary supplements and weight- system stimulant with an extremely high potential for loss aids. abuse. is freebased cocaine which is (ProSom) is a hypnotic drug of the commonly administered by smoking. benzodiazepine class. It is used for the short-term Codeine is a narcotic analgesic drug prescribed for the management of . relief of pain or as a cough suppressant. It may cause Ethanol (ethyl , Alcohol) is a central nervous central nervous system depressant effects. system depressant drug. (Flexeril) is a centrally-acting muscle (Amidate) is a short acting intravenous relaxant which can produce central nervous system anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general depressant effects. anaesthesia and for . It is a central nervous Desalkylflurazepam is a metabolite of system depressant. (Dalmane). Flurazepam is a hypnotic drug of the is a synthetic analgesic with a high potential benzodiazepine class that may produce central nervous for abuse. It is used as a surgical anesthetic and is system depressant effects. sometimes found in samples of illicit synthetic heroin is a tricyclic antidepressant used for the (china white). Fentanyl has a potency approximately treatment of depression. Desipramine is also used as a 100 to 200 times that of morphine and can cause metabolite of . It may cause central nervous central nervous system depressant effects. system depressant effects. drug used in the treatment and is a benzodiazepine-type drug prescribed for prevention of superficial and systemic fungal . its antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxing Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is an extremely potent properties. It may cause central nervous system hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class. It is not depressant effects. available therapeutically in the . Difluoroethane ( ) is a used as a (Prozac) is selective serotonin reuptake propellant in canned air dusters such as “dust off” and inhibitor which is used for the treatment of depression. can be abused to get a small and short-lived buzz from Flurazepam (Dalmane) is a hypnotic drug of the deprivation. benzodiazepine class. Due to its rapid , is a narcotic analgesic with central flurazepam is normally not observed in the , rather nervous system depressant effects. It is prescribed for as a pharmacologically active metabolite, n- the treatment of mild to moderate pain and has an desalkylflurazepam. It may cause central nervous analgesic potency approximately one third that of system depressant effects. morphine. Dihydrocodeine is also a metabolite of the (Luvox) is a selective serotonin reuptake drug (Vicodin). inhibitor which is used for the treatment of depression.

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Gabapentin (Neurontin) It was originally developed for Imipramine (Tofranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant used the treatment of but currently is widely used to for the treatment of depression. It may cause central relieve pain, especially . It can produce nervous system depressant effects. central nervous system depressant effects. Isopropanol (2-propanol, rubbing alcohol) is a central Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) is a colorless liquid used nervous system depressant that is metabolized to in the production of floor strippers, glue removers, acetone in the body. Isopropanol may accumulate in thinners, pesticides, herbicides, inks, , and other the body as a result of certain medical conditions. industrial products. When swallowed, it acts as a (Ketalar, Ketaject) is a rapid-acting veterinary depressant. It is metabolized in the body into GHB. It is anesthetic closely related to (PCP). also considered a "date " drug because it can (Lamictal) is an anticonvulsant drug which render a victim unconscious and produce memory loss is used for the treatment of epilepsy. It may cause Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) can produce central nervous system depressant effects. profound central nervous system depression in large (Dromoran) is potent synthetic narcotic doses. The drug is encountered illicitly as a with a high potential for abuse. It is prescribed for the recreational euphoriant. GHB is also an endogenous treatment of moderate to severe pain. The analgesic (Natural) neuromodulator which is present in biological potency of levorphanol is approximately 4 to 5 times fluids and tissues in small quantities. that of morphine and it can produce central nervous is used extensively as an expectorant and system depressant effects. veterinary . It is present in many over- Lidocaine is commonly used as a in the-counter cough syrups. both topical and injectable forms. (Haldol) is used in the treatment of (Ativan) is an antianxiety agent similar to psychotic disorders. It may cause central nervous diazepam (Valium). It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. system depressant effects. Heroin is a synthetic narcotic analgesic with a high Loxapine is a tricyclic drug used for the treatment of potential for abuse. It is a common illicit drug and is not . It may cause central nervous system available therapeutically in the United States. It may depressant effects. cause central nervous system depressant effects. is a drug used for the treatment Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab, Panacet) is a of depression. It may cause central nervous system semisynthetic narcotic analgesic with a high potential depressant effects. for abuse. It is prescribed as a pain reliever and cough mCPP (meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine) is an active suppressant and it is structurally related to morphine. metabolite of Trazadone as well as a recreational Hydrocodone has an analgesic potency approximately of the chemical class 1 to 2 times that of morphine and may cause central reported to produce stimulant and hallucinogenic nervous system depressant effects. effects. (Dilaudid) is a semisynthetic narcotic (Antivert) is an antihistamine used for the analgesic with a high potential for abuse. It is treatment of and motion sickness. prescribed as a pain reliever and cough suppressant Meperidine (Demerol) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic and it is structurally related to morphine. with a high potential for abuse. The drug is used for the Hydromorphone has an analgesic potency treatment of moderate severe pain. The analgesic approximately 7 to 10 times that of morphine and may potency of meperidine is approximately one tenth that cause central nervous system depressant effects. of morphine. It may cause central nervous system Hydroxybuproprion is a metabolite of Buproprion depressant effects. (Wellbutrin, Zyban) and antidepressant drug. (Miltown, Equanil) is used Hydroxyethylflurazepam is a metabolite of flurazepam therapeutically as a sedative/hypnotic, antianxiety agent (Dalmane). Flurazepam is a hypnotic agent of the and relaxant. Meprobamate is also a benzodiazepine class. metabolite of Carisoprodol (Soma). It may cause Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) is a sedative agent with central nervous system depressant effects. antihistaminic properties, is used in the treatment of (Lidanil, Serentil) is an antipsychotic anxiety and tension. It may cause central nervous agent. It may cause central nervous system depressant system depressant effects. effects. is a naturally occurring psychoactive (Skelaxin) is a muscle relaxant used to substance found in a number of . Has been used relax muscles and relieve pain caused by strains, to treat opioid . It may cause central nervous sprains, and other musculoskeletal conditions. It may system stimulant effects cause central nervous system depressant effects. (Advil, Motrin) is a non-narcotic analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

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Methadone (Dolophine) is a synthetic opioid which is Morphine is a narcotic analgesic used for the treatment used for the treatment of pain and dependence. of moderate to severe pain. It has a high potential for Methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine) is a potent abuse. Morphine may be present as a metabolite of central nervous system stimulant drug with an other narcotic analgesics, such as codeine or heroin. It extremely high potential for abuse. In small doses, the may cause central nervous system depressant effects. drug is used for the treatment of . (Aleve, Naprosyn) is a nonsteroidal anti- (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol) is a central inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic nervous system depressant and a common solvent for properties. paints and . is a serotonin used for (Quaalude) is a sedative/hypnotic that the treatment of depression. It may produce central was removed from the U.S. market in 1984 due to its nervous system depressant effects. extensive misuse. It may cause central nervous system Nordiazepam is an active metabolite of several depressant effects. , including diazepam (Valium). It may (Robaxin) is used therapeutically as a cause central nervous system depressant effect. sedative or muscle relaxant that may result in is an active metabolite of Doxepin depressant effects. (Adapin), which is used for the treatment of anxiety or , is chemically related to codeine. It is depression. It may cause central nervous system found in several over-the-counter preparations which depressant effects. are used as cough suppressants. It may cause central Norfluoxetine is an active metabolite of fluoxetine nervous system depressant effects as well as (Prozac), which is used for the treatment of depression. hallucinogenic effects in high doses. Normeperidine is an active metabolite of meperidine Methotrimeprazine is an antipsychotic (Demerol), a narcotic analgesic with a high potential for derivative similar to chlorpromazine (Thorazine). When abuse. prescribed in this county, however, it is used an as Norproxyphene is an active metabolite of analgesic. It is a central nervous system depressant. propoxyphene, a mildly effective narcotic analgesic Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) is used as a solvent in (pain reliever). It may cause central nervous system household products such as , varnishes, paint depressant effects. remover, a denaturing agent for denatured alcohol, (Aventyl, Pamelor) is a tricyclic drug used glues, and as a cleaning agent. Can be abused to get a for the treatment of depression. It can be present as a ‘high’. metabolite of amitriptyline (Elavil) and may cause Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a psychedelic, central nervous system depressant effects. stimulant and empathogen-enactogen amphetamine O-Desmethylvenlafaxine is an active metabolite of derivative also a metabolite of MDMA. It can produce (Effexor), an antidepressant drug. both central nervous system and (Zyprexa) is an antipsychotic drug related hallucinogenic effects. to the benzodiazepine class. It may cause central Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a nervous system depressant effects. synthetic drug possessing both stimulant and mild (Norgesic) is an agent hallucinogenic properties. On the street it is known as used in treatment of Parkinsonism. It may produce , XTC, E, X, Beans, and Adams. central nervous system depressant effects. (Ritalin) is a drug used in the Oxazepam is an antianxiety agent of the treatment of depression, , and childhood benzodiazepine class. It is also found as an active hyperkinesis. Overdose can cause drowsiness or metabolite of several other benzodiazepines. It may hyperactivity. cause central nervous system depressant effects. Midazolam (Versed) is a member of the (Oxycontin, Roxicondone, Percodan, benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is only available for Percocet, Roxicet, Tylox) is a semisynthetic narcotic presurgical sedation in the injectable form. analgesic with a high potential for abuse. It is (Remeron) is tetracyclic drug used for the prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain treatment of depression. and may cause central nervous system depressant (Provigil) is a central nervous system effects. stimulant used for the treatment of (Numorphan) powerful semi-synthetic narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder and excessive opioid analgesic and can produce central nervous daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep system depressant effects. is a naturally occurring . It is used therapeutically as a vasodilator and .

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Paroxetine (Paxil) is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor Propoxyphene (Darvon) is a mildly effective synthetic used for the treatment of depression. narcotic analgesic used for the treatment of mild to is a synthetic narcotic analgesic which is moderate pain. It may cause central nervous system prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. depressant effects. It may cause central nervous system depressant (Benzedrex, Obesin) is structurally effects. related to methamphetamine. Propylhexedrine is (Nembutal) is a short-acting barbiturate available over-the-counter for use as a nasal with sedative, anticonvulsant and central nervous . system depressant properties. (Vivactil) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. Phencyclidine (PCP) is an illicit drug of abuse and a It may cause central nervous system depressant veterinary tranquilizer. It produces effects. and . (Seroquel) is a neuroleptic agent, used for is an anorexic drug (appetite the treatment of psychosis. suppressant). It possesses central nervous system is an . It occurs stimulant properties like amphetamine-type drugs. naturally with in bark. is an antihistamine drug which is found in Quinine is an antimalarial agent. It occurs naturally combination with decongestants, antitussives, with Quinidine in cinchona bark and is sometimes used expectorants, and analgesics. as an adulterant of illicit heroin. is an anorective agent with a high Sec- is an important industrial solvent found in potential for abuse. It may be present as an active many domestic cleaning agents and paint removers. metabolite of phendimetrazine. It possesses central Can be abused to get a ‘high’. nervous system stimulant properties like amphetamine is a short-acting barbiturate which is used type drugs. therapeutically as a sedative/hypnotic. It may cause is a barbiturate with sedative/hypnotic central nervous system depressant effects. and anticonvulsant properties. It may cause central (Deprenyl, Eldepryl) is a methamphetamine nervous system depressant effects. derivative used for the treatment of Parkinsonism, is prescribed as an anorexic agent , and . It may produce central (appetite suppressant). It may cause central nervous nervous system stimulant effects. system stimulant effects. (Zoloft) is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor used was an over-the-counter cold for the treatment of depression. medication used as a nasal decongestant and is a potent central nervous system . It can produce central nervous system stimulant and . It is a natural alkaloid found stimulant effects. in the leaves of Strychnos nux-vomica but it is also (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant drug used in encountered as a rodenticide. the treatment of seizure disorders. It may cause central (Restoril) is a hypnotic drug of the nervous system depressant effects. benzodiazepine class. It is also a metabolite of other is an antianxiety drug of the benzodiazepine benzodiazepines. It may cause central nervous system class. Administration of Prazepam may result in central depressant effects. nervous system depressant effects. Hydrate is an expectorant, commonly used in is a derivative of Phenobarbital, frequently the treatment of acute and chronic . It is used for the treatment of seizure disorders. It may commonly formulated with an antitussive (e.g., codeine) cause central nervous system depressant effects. as a combined preparation. It may cause central (Novocain) is a local anesthetic used for nervous system depressant effects. nerve block and spinal anesthesia. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal (Compazine, Stemetil) is an psychoactive constituent of marijuana. When smoked, antipsychotic agent of the phenothiazine class. It is it is rapidly distributed to various tissues and disappears principally used as an drug. quickly from the blood. is a phenothiazine derivative that is is a naturally occurring opium alkaloid. It is widely used as an antihistamine, antiemetic, and structurally related to morphine. sedative. It may cause central nervous system Thiopental is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has depressant effects. been used commonly in the induction of general (Diprivan) is a short-acting, intravenously anesthesia. It may cause central nervous system administered hypnotic/sedative agent and supplements depressant effects. other types of general .It will cause central (Melleril) belongs to the phenothiazine nervous system depressant effects. class of antipsychotic tranquilizers. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects.

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Tizanidine (Zanaflex, Sirdalud) is used as a muscle is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as a relaxant. It is a centrally acting α-2 . It veterinary sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic agent in may cause central nervous system depressant effects. large animals. It may cause central nervous system is an aromatic solvent present in numerous depressant effects. paints, thinners, glues. Symptoms of intoxication are (Sonata) is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used similar to ethyl alcohol and often a chemical is for insomnia. may cause hallucinations, abnormal present in the breath. It may cause central nervous behavior, severe , day-time drowsiness, system depressant effects. or lightheadedness, unsteadiness and/or falls, (Topamax) is an adjunctive therapeutic double vision or other vision problems. agent for the treatment of seizure disorders. (Ambien) is a hypnotic drug used for the (Ultram) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic. It short-term management of insomnia. It may impair may cause central nervous system depressant effects. driving skills with a resultant increased risk of road (Desyrel) is used therapeutically for the traffic accidents. It can be used recreationally for some treatment of depression. It may cause central nervous of its side-effects, notably sedation, hallucinations and system depressant effects. . Triazolam (Halcion) is a hypnotic drug used for the short-term management of insomnia. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Trifluoroperazine (Stelazine) belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotic tranquilizers. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is a recreational drug of the piperazine chemical class. Usually in combination with its analogue benzylpiperazine (BZP), it is sold as a legal alternative to the illicit drug MDMA ("Ecstasy") under the name "Legal X" (Artane) is an antispasmodic used for the treatment of Parkinsonism. Adverse reactions to this drug may include blurring of vision, dizziness, , and nervousness. It is noted in the literature that this type of drug may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving a vehicle or operating machinery. (Tebamide, Tigan) is an antiemetic used to prevent nausea and . It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Trimethoprim (Trimpex, Proloprim, Primsol) is a bacteriostatic used for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (Actidil, Myidil) is an over-the-counter antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. The most common is drowsiness. Valproic Acid (Depakote) is an anticonvulsant and has been used for the treatment of the manic phase of . Possible include nausea, vomiting, sedation, and weakness. Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant drug which inhibits serotonin and . (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan) is a cardiovascular drug used for the management of angina, , and hypertension.

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