Educational Attainment a Review of Census Data Related to the Educational Attainment of Allen County, Indiana Residents
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A Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of Allen County, Indiana based on the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey Educational Attainment A Review of Census Data Related to the Educational Attainment of Allen County, Indiana Residents Prepared by The Community Research Institute at IPFW June 2011 Table of Contents Less Than a High School Diploma by Census Tract ........................................................................................................ 2 Bachelor’s Degree or Higher by Census Tract ................................................................................................................ 6 Education Attainment by Age ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Comparison in Education Levels Over Time ................................................................................................................ 10 Education by Race and Hispanic Origin ....................................................................................................................... 12 Education by Sex and Race .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Other Education Statistics: .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Current High School Graduation Rates ................................................................................................................... 19 SAT Program ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 Financial support for this project is provided by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Fund held at the Community Foundation of Greater Fort Wayne. Without the support of the Foundation this study would not have been possible. The Community Research Institute also wishes to thank Paul Spoelhof, Senior Planner with the City of Fort Wayne Community Development Division, for his assistance on this project. Educational Attainment 1 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Note: Unless otherwise noted, all educational data applies to the population age 25 and older. 2005-09 ACS data is used in this analysis. The 2010 Census did not include any questions regarding education. Key Points: . A greater percentage of the Allen County population have the Associate’s degree as the highest level of educational attainment than the state or nation, but Allen County is lagging behind the state and nation in the percentage of the population with Master’s degrees and above. There has been no change in the percent of the county with a master’s degree and above since 2000. There is a difference in educational attainment by race and Hispanic origin. Asians in Allen County have achieved a Bachelor’s degree or above at twice the county rate (46.3 percent of Asians in Allen County have a Bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to the county average of 24.7 percent). Hispanics in Allen County not only have the lowest rate of obtaining a Bachelor’s degree, but also the highest rate of not graduating from high school. There are some notable differences in the educational attainment levels by race and Hispanic origin and by sex. In general, more males have Bachelor’s degrees and above than females, and this is especially true among Asians and American Indian/Alaskan Natives. A larger percentage of Hispanic females have some college, including Associate’s degrees, when compared to Hispanic males. When comparing this recent data to the 2000 Census, there has been a noticeable downward trend in education for Hispanic women, especially compared to Hispanic male educational attainment. There are correlations found in census track data which support the general statements concerning educational attainment and income, or lack of income. Data from the 2005-09 ACS indicates Allen County’s percentage of the population age 25 and over with at least a high school diploma is 87.9 percent, and that 24.7 percent in Allen County adults had completed a Bachelor’s degree. Allen County lags the state and nation in the percentage of the population with a master’s degree or higher. Chart 3.1 Comparison of Highest Education Levels Attained: Age 25 and Over Allen County, Indiana, and United States, 2005-09 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Percent Attainment 5% 0% High school Less than high Associate's Bachelor's Master's & diploma, GED, Some College school diploma Degree Degree above equiv. Allen County 12.1% 32.1% 21.8% 9.2% 17.0% 7.7% Indiana 14.3% 36.5% 20.1% 7.2% 14.0% 7.9% United States 15.4% 29.3% 20.3% 7.4% 17.4% 10.1% Community Research Institute Educational Attainment 2 Less Than a High School Diploma by Census Tract Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1 show by census tract the location of the 27,059 persons who are age 25 and over who do not have a high school diploma or equivalent in this ACS time period. From Figure 3.2, it can be seen that lack of a high school diploma is not just “an inner-city problem”. Allen County has a number of rural areas that have a large number of individuals who do not have high school diplomas. At least two of these tracts (101 and 109) are populated by the Amish1, an Anabaptist religious sect who do not educate their children past the eighth grade. There are a number of Amish who live in northeast Allen County and concentrations of Amish contribute to a high level of those in the tract without a high school diploma. As might be expected, there is a correlation between income and education. Of the 31 tracts which are in poverty or extreme poverty areas2, all but two of those are also above the average in terms of their populations not having the county average of attaining a high school diploma. There are also 11 tracts which are not in poverty areas which have high percentages of non-diploma attainment: 7.03, 8, 9, 26, 33.01, 37, 39.01, 101, 106.01, 106.02, and 109. In some respects, improvement can be seen since the 2000 Census. There are fewer people without a high school diploma, a smaller percentage of the population, and fewer census tracts with a concentrated population with less than high school diploma attainment. However, this is a change which is mainly manifesting itself by a changing cohort, as discussed in a following section. The following changes can be seen by referencing Figure 3.2 which graphically shows the changes since 2000. 1 The Community Research Institute estimates that at least 10 percent of the populations in these tracts are Amish. 2 Reference Poverty Chapter Community Research Institute Educational Attainment 3 Table 3.1 Adults with Less than a High School Diploma in Allen County By Census Tract, 2005-09 ACS Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage 17 406 41.5% 32 371 10.1% 18 347 40.9% 119 182 10.1% 15 188 37.5% 117.01 247 10.0% 23 1,088 37.4% 112.03 348 9.4% 112.01 432 35.7% 1 173 9.4% 113.02 1,781 35.4% 111 196 9.3% 16 366 34.3% 41.02 288 9.2% 27 272 32.7% 108.11 331 8.9% 28 384 32.5% 102 598 8.9% 21 481 29.7% 108.04 235 8.4% 9 539 29.6% 108.13 226 8.4% 20 545 28.5% 4 132 8.3% 29 301 26.8% 115.01 199 8.2% 13 322 26.5% 11 110 8.1% 101 774 26.0% 25 179 7.8% 30 457 25.0% 108.07 211 7.6% 12 154 24.4% 118.02 123 7.4% 106.04 423 24.4% 118.01 214 7.1% 113.03 214 24.2% 3 167 7.1% 5 441 23.3% 105 139 7.0% 40 401 21.6% 108.05 325 7.0% 109 1,063 21.4% 39.02 124 6.8% 31 313 20.5% 108.12 184 6.7% 6 229 19.0% 103.03 329 6.5% 35 501 18.9% 116.05 108 6.3% 113.04 592 18.2% 107.06 172 6.1% 14 146 18.1% 117.02 175 5.9% 112.02 349 17.8% 107.05 186 5.8% 7.01 377 17.7% 108.02 205 5.6% 37 325 17.0% 108.03 187 5.2% 22 508 16.9% 103.01 223 5.2% 26 313 15.7% 41.01 90 5.2% 10 145 14.8% 34 149 5.1% 38 338 14.6% 108.09 154 4.7% 39.01 369 14.3% 104 116 4.5% 8 423 13.8% 108.08 128 3.7% 106.01 329 13.8% 108.14 214 3.4% 106.02 274 13.6% 116.03 121 3.0% 7.03 191 13.2% 116.01 154 2.9% 110 340 12.8% 107.04 25 2.7% 33.01 201 12.7% 107.03 51 2.2% 33.04 303 11.9% 116.04 56 2.2% 115.02 245 11.6% 116.02 116 2.0% 36 432 11.2% 103.04 52 1.7% 106.03 124 10.6% Note: Census Tract 42 is excluded from analysis. See Appendix D. Community Research Institute Educational Attainment 4 Figure 3.1 Community Research Institute Educational Attainment 5 Figure 3.2 The map above compares the census tracts on the basis of whether they are above or below the county average of 12.1 percent of the population (age 25 and over) without a high school diploma. It also identifies whether the tracts are becoming more educated in terms of achieving a high school diploma since 2000. Of the 89 census tracts analyzed for changes between 2000 and 2005-09, 40 tracts were consistent in their percentage of the population who did not have a high school diploma (the blue tracts). One tract (39.01-in red) met this criterion in 2010 but not in the last census (i.e., the population has become more uneducated). Thirty-three tracts were consistent in being Community Research Institute Educational Attainment 6 below this cut-off in both periods, and 15 tracts improved their position relative to the high school diploma attainment (green). Bachelor’s degree or Higher by Census Tract Table 3.2 and Figure 3.3 show by census tract the location of the 55,262 persons who are age 25 and over who have a Bachelor’s degree or higher in this ACS time period.