AT AGE 86, YOTAM OTTOLENGHI MUSEUMS A TRAIL- REMINISCES ON THE BEGIN TO BLAZING RICHNESS OF CITRUS, TAKE ON SCULPTOR Weekend WITH A RECIPE, TOO CRITICAL FORGES PAGE 27 | FOOD AND DRINK ISSUES AHEAD IN OF OUR THE ART TIMES ‘THE HANDMAID’S TALE’ WORLD VANESSA FRIEDMAN PAGE 22 | AND WHAT IT MEANS WEEKEND IN THE AGE OF TRUMP PAGE 19 | ON PRICE, POPULISM WEEKEND AND POLITICS ... AND PAGE 26 | BOOKS PEARLS AND PANTS

PAGE 21 | STYLE ..

INTERNATIONAL EDITION | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017

Dutch vote As Fed acts, not a defeat tremors are of populism felt across Cas Mudde the globe

CIUDAD JUÁREZ, MEXICO OPINION Rate increase is driving The parliamentary election in the Netherlands on Wednesday was pre- money out of less affluent dicted to be the next populist show of nations, bringing hardship strength after the Brexit referendum and Donald Trump’s election. The Dutch BY PETER S. GOODMAN, would be the first of a number of Euro- KEITH BRADSHER AND NEIL GOUGH pean countries to succumb to the right- wing populists’ siren songs in 2017, with Francisca Hervis Reyes and her family the French not far behind. have persevered on the border, working It didn’t work out that way. in factories more than 1,300 miles from Geert Wilders, who is all too often their hometown. They remained even as described as a bleach blond or referred deadly warfare between drug cartels to as “the Dutch Trump,” did not defeat turned this city into one of the most dan- the conservative prime minister, Mark gerous on the planet. Rutte. In fact, he didn’t come close. But they may not endure the chang- With more than 95 percent of the vote ing predilections of the Federal Reserve. counted, Mr. Rutte’s People’s Party for Ms. Reyes is paid in Mexican pesos, a Freedom and Democracy, or V.V.D., currency that has been losing value as came first with 21.2 percent of the vote, the Fed, the central bank of the United compared with States, has signaled plans to raise inter- The Mr. Wilders’s est rates this year. In the parched ter- Party for Free- rain just south of the United States bor- radical-right dom, which took der, the prices of food and other necessi- firebrand only 13.1 percent. ties follow the dollar, whose value has Geert Wilders Mr. Wilders been climbing. It is as if the Fed has didn’t win — barely improved slashed her pay. but the on his margin in PHOTOGRAPHS BY GORDON WELTERS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Like millions of other people from the 2012 election A mural of the church in Buch, Germany, this month. Alternative for Germany, a far-right populist party, won more than 22 percent of the vote in the 2016 local election in the town. Southeast Asia to Latin America, Ms. Netherlands (where he took Reyes and her family are absorbing the didn’t, either. 10.1 percent) and consequences of a major shift playing failed to do as out in the global economy. well as he did in As the Fed lifted rates on Wednesday, 2010 (15.5 percent of the vote). it added momentum to a steady stream The real story in Dutch politics isn’t The seeds of nationalism of money that has been abandoning Mr. Wilders’s rise, it is the unprecedent- emerging markets and flowing toward ed fragmentation of the political system. American shores. With further Fed in- Together, Mr. Rutte’s and Mr. Wilders’s THE INTERPRETER cozy, safe neighborhood is starkly differ- creases expected this year, developing parties look set to make up only 33 BUCH, GERMANY ent from the depressed postindustrial countries are bracing for additional im- percent of the Parliament, with 11 more zones often portrayed as the populist pacts: departure of more investment, political parties constituting the rest. wellspring, and is emblematic of the falling of more currencies, weakening of This splintering of Dutch politics is How a German suburb forces threatening to upend Western more economies. making effective governance of the politics as we know it. By mandate, the Fed is answerable to country increasingly impossible. explains Europe’s rising In this apparent stronghold of ordi- the people of the United States. While previous Parliaments have far-right movements nariness, the Alternative for Germany, a When times are lean and businesses counted 14 or more factions, what has far-right populist party, won more than are reluctant to hire, the Fed makes changed is the relative size of the par- BY AMANDA TAUB 22 percent of the vote in the 2016 local money more available by nudging down ties. In 1986, the top three parties togeth- election — more than any other party. rates. When times are good and concern er won 85 percent of the vote. In 2003, it Buch, a small community on the out- I went to Buch to better understand builds about elevated prices, it cools was down to 74 percent. Today it is just skirts of Berlin, seems at first glance to how far-right populism has taken root things off by lifting rates and tightening around 45 percent. be the kind of place Goldilocks would de- across much of Europe. I found signs of credit. Because of its proportional represen- clare “just right.” It is not too rich or too subtle forces that social scientists have Yet in reality, the Fed is the central tation system of voting, the Netherlands poor, not too expensive or too scruffy, theorized could be driving the populist banker to the world. is an extreme case. But the trends are not too close to the crowded city center surge rising across Western societies. The dollar is the money used most similar across Western Europe: The but not so far that its tree-lined streets of The streets were blanketed with sev- widely as the repository of savings and main center-right and center-left par- tidy apartments are beyond a daily com- eral inches of snow the day I visited in as the currency for trade. When the Fed ties are shrinking, smaller parties are mute. January, lending a picturesque quality lowers rates, it makes the dollar less at- growing and unstable coalition politics It is probably not the sort of place peo- to the brown-brick shopping area in tractive, encouraging investors to seek are becoming the norm. There are many ple picture when they think about the Buch’s center. A fast-food restaurant rewards elsewhere. When the Fed lifts reasons for this — from secularization tide of far-right populism overwhelming glowed invitingly, its sign advertising Beneath the surface, Buch, a town on the outskirts of Berlin, is starkly different from rates, investors switch gears, yanking MUDDE, PAGE 12 Europe. But beneath the surface, this GERMANY, PAGE 4 the depressed postindustrial zones often portrayed as the populist wellspring. FED, PAGE 9

Gaymoji: A new language for that search

DISRUPTIONS WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIF. Grindr unveils 500 icons, saying official emoji were not evolving fast enough

BY GUY TREBAY You don’t need a degree in semiotics to read meaning into an eggplant balanced on a ruler or peach with an old-fash- ioned telephone receiver on top. That the former is the universally recognized internet symbol for a large male mem- ber and the latter visual shorthand for a VIA GRINDR booty call is something most any 16- Some of Grindr’s new emoji, or Gaymoji. The app’s creative director said almost 20 percent of Grindr messages already use emoji. year-old could all too readily explain. As with most else in our culture, demographics define the future, partic- young lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans- freighted with complication when ren- taking us.” ularly those describing an age cohort gender people and their pals. dered in cartoon form in place of words. That is, toward a visual language of born with a smartphone in hand. That, And so Grindr is offering to users a set “Almost 20 percent of all Grindr mes- rainbow unicorns, bears, otters and at least, is the calculation being made by of trademarked emoji, called Gaymoji — sages” already use emoji, its creative di- handcuffs — to cite some of the images Grindr, the successful gay meeting app 500 icons that function as visual short- rector, Landis Smithers, said. “There’s available in the first set of 100 free Gay- with ambitions to overhaul itself as an hand for terms and acts and states of be- this shift going on culturally and we moji symbols. An additional 400 are internet commons for a generation of ing that seem funnier, breezier and less need to follow the users where they’re GAYMOJI, PAGE 2 #connectedtoeternity

FIRST SWISS MADE CONNECTED WATCH NEWSSTAND PRICES Issue Number | | Greece € 2.50 Kazakhstan US$ 3.50 Norway Nkr 30 Senegal CFA 2600 The Netherlands € 3.20 No. 41,683 MODULAR 50M WATER RESISTANT GPS Germany € 3.20 Latvia € 3.90 Oman OMR 1.250 Serbia Din 280 Tunisia Din 4.800 Andorra € 3.60 Cameroon CFA 2600 Egypt EGP 20.00 Hungary HUF 880 Lebanon LBP 5,000 Poland Zl 14 Slovakia € 3.50 Turkey TL 9 Antilles € 3.90 Canada CAN$ 5.50 Estonia € 3.50 Israel NIS 13.50 Lithuania € 5.20 Portugal € 3.20 Slovenia € 3.00 U.A.E. AED 12.00 Y(1J85IC*KKNMKS( +.!"!$!=!= Austria € 3.20 Croatia KN 22.00 Finland € 3.20 Israel / Eilat NIS 11.50 Luxembourg € 3.20 Qatar QR 10.00 Spain € 3.20 United States $ 4.00 www.tagheuer.com Bahrain BD 1.20 Cyprus € 2.90 France € 3.20 Italy € 3.20 Malta € 3.20 Republic of Ireland ¤ 3.20 Sweden Skr 30 United States Military Belgium €3.20 Czech Rep CZK 110 Gabon CFA 2600 Ivory Coast CFA 2600 Montenegro € 3.00 Reunion € 3.50 Switzerland CHF 4.50 (Europe) $ 1.90 Bos. & Herz. KM 5.50 Denmark Dkr 28 Great Britain £ 2.00 Jordan JD 2.00 Morocco MAD 30 Saudi Arabia SR 13.00 Syria US$ 3.00 .. 2 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION page two Heroin’s deadly rural toll

BLANCHESTER, OHIO and the younger Roger’s treatment — after a 33-year-old neighbor overdosed at his family’s home. The younger man pointed at the red Overdoses are churning sign of a budget motel: “I used to buy drugs there.” through agricultural He said he had bought from dealers pockets of America who drove out to the countryside for a day and set up “trap houses” in trailers BY JACK HEALY or apartments where they would sell to all comers. A life of farming taught Roger Wine- He and his father talked about motor- miller plenty about harsh twists of fate: bikes, weather and politics. The elder hailstorms and drought, ragweed infes- Mr. Winemiller, who was among the 68 tations and jittery crop prices. He hadn’t percent of voters in the county who sup- bargained on heroin. ported Donald J. Trump for president, Then, in March 2016, Mr. Winemiller’s was rankled by scenes of political pro- daughter, Heather Himes, 31, died of an test on the news. He saw only disorder opioid overdose at the family farm- and lawlessness. house, inside a first-floor bathroom “There are too many people who are overlooking fields of corn and soybeans. too wrapped up in their lives. All they Mr. Winemiller was the one who un- want to do is go out, bitch and complain,” locked the bathroom door and found her he said. “My view on Donald Trump, slumped over, a syringe by her side. he’s what this country needed years Nine months later, Mr. Winemiller’s ago: someone that’s hard-core.” older son, Eugene, 37, who once drove He likes the toughness. After his son trucks and tractors on the family’s and daughter died, he began meeting 3,400-acre farm, overdosed at his moth- with sheriffs and politicians at forums er’s home. Family members and medics dedicated to the opioid crisis, urging had been able to revive him after earlier harsher penalties, such as manslaugh- overdoses. Not this one. ter charges for people who sell fatal hits Overdoses are churning through agri- of opioids. cultural pockets of America like a plow As they drove, from the probation of- through soil, tearing at rural communi- fice to McDonald’s for breakfast, from ties and posing a new threat to the gen- Blanchester to Wilmington to Xenia, the erational ties of families like the Wine- men talked less about the past and the millers. grief that shadows their days. Farm bureaus’ attention to seed, fer- The three siblings grew up in the tilizer and subsidies has been diverted countryside and went straight to work to discussions of overdoses. Volunteer- after high school. Each had yearslong run heroin support groups are popping drug problems, cycling through up in rural towns where clinics and drug stretches of using and sobriety. treatment centers are an hour’s drive The younger Mr. Winemiller said he away, and broaching public conversa- and Eugene had been best friends who tions about addiction and death that shared everything, drug habits includ- close-knit neighbors and even some PHOTOGRAPHS BY TY WRIGHT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ed. They drank and smoked pot in high families of the dead would prefer to keep Roger D. Winemiller, left, and his son, Roger T. Winemiller, on their farm in Blanchester, Ohio, about an hour east of Cincinnati. His other two children fatally overdosed. school and used methamphetamines, out of view. painkillers after operations and injuries, And at the end of a long gravel drive- and ultimately heroin. way, Mr. Winemiller, 60, has been think- unemployment rate is only 4.1 percent, Moulden said. “We all partied together,” he said. ing about the uncertain seasons ahead. and every morning, the city-bound It was a rainy Wednesday, 9 a.m. Time The older Mr. Winemiller said his His last surviving son, Roger T. Wine- lanes of skinny country roads are for the half-hour drive to take the young- daughter’s drug use was rooted in anxi- miller, 35, spent years using prescrip- packed with people heading to work. er Roger to the probation office, then a eties, stresses and an academic and so- tion pain pills, heroin and But the economic resilience has done half-hour more to take him to his drug cial tailspin that began in high school. methamphetamines, and was jailed for little to insulate the area from a cascade treatment clinic. The men sank into the She had been in recovery for about three a year on drug charges. He is now in of cheap heroin and synthetic opiates leather seats of Mr. Winemiller’s Chevy years when she began to use again early treatment and living with his father. like fentanyl and carfentanil, an ele- Tahoe and skimmed along the wet last year, he said. The son dreams of taking over the phant tranquilizer, which have sent roads. She came to stay at the farmhouse on farm someday. The father is wary. overdose rates soaring across much of The younger Roger’s driver’s license March 26, a day after three “Would I like to have one of my kids the country, but especially in rural areas had been revoked, so this was now the acquaintances of hers were arrested on working the farm, side by side, carrying like this one. routine. And, experts say, it is part of heroin charges at a motel in the nearby my load when I can’t?” Mr. Winemiller Drug overdoses here have nearly tri- what makes addiction treatment so town of Hillsboro. He said he went to the said. “Yes. But I’m a realist.” pled since 1999, and the state as a whole complicated in rural areas: Counseling garage to get her a Coke, she excused Mr. Winemiller and a cousin inherited has been ravaged. In Ohio, 2,106 people centers and doctors who can prescribe herself to the bathroom, and he was the farm in 1993 when an uncle died, and died of opioid overdoses in 2014, more addiction-treating medications are of- overcome by a terrible dread when he they own and run the business together. than in any other state, according to an ten an hour’s drive away, in communi- sat back down in the living room. His surviving son has not used drugs for analysis of the most recent federal data ties with little public transportation. “I knocked on the door, and there was two months and says he is committed to by the Kaiser Family Foundation. “Even if you realize you’ve got a prob- no answer,” he said. recovery. In rural Wayne Township, where the lem and are interested in seeking treat- At her funeral, the younger Mr. Wine- But Mr. Winemiller says his first pri- Winemillers and about 4,900 other peo- ment, the treatment centers have not miller said, the two brothers stood by ority is “to keep the land intact.” He wor- ple live, the local fire department an- been there, the professionals have not the coffin, “telling each other how we ries about what could happen to the swered 18 overdose calls last year. Fire- been there,” said Tom Vilsack, the Agri- Mr. Winemiller and his son during the younger man’s probation visit in Wilmington, had to make it for our parents.” business if he turned over his share of fighters answered three in one week this culture Department secretary under Ohio. He spent years using drugs and is now in treatment and living with his father. Paul Casteel, the senior minister at the farm and his son relapsed — or winter, and said the spikes and lulls in President Barack Obama. Last year, he the Blanchester Church of Christ, con- worse — a year or a decade down the their overdose calls gave them a feel for led an administration effort to grapple ducted the services at Eugene Wine- line. when particularly noxious batches of with rural opioid use. He started working on the farm when They pulled into the Clinton County miller’s funeral. The next day, he led a He also keeps a pouch of overdose- drugs were brought out to the country- “You don’t have access to A.A. meet- he was 12, driving tractors even though Adult Probation offices for the son’s funeral for another man who had died of treating nasal spray in the living room side from Cincinnati or Dayton. ings seven days a week,” he said. his father had to attach pieces of wood to twice-weekly drug test, then set out an overdose. now, just in case. They get overdose calls for people liv- “You’re lucky if you’ve got one a week, the pedals so his legs would reach. again for the drive to a new treatment People live here because they like The Winemillers live on the eastern ing inside the Edenton Rural School, a or you’ve got to drive 25 miles to get to “I want to get back to it. That’s the center where he gets counseling and knowing their neighbors and raising edge of Clermont County, about an hour shuttered brick schoolhouse where offi- one.” whole idea,” he said. “It’s in my blood. doses of buprenorphine, which can help their children close to extended fam- east of Cincinnati, where a suburban cers have cleared away signs of meth Spring was coming, and Mr. Wine- It’s the family name. I’ve done enough to addicts stay off opioids by keeping them ilies, Mr. Casteel said. But heroin has quilt of bedroom towns, office parks and production and found the flotsam of miller would soon be receiving the seeds disgrace our name. I want to do every- from experiencing cravings and with- turned that small-town closeness on its small industry thins into woods and drug use on the floors. for the year’s soybean crop. His days thing I can to mend it.” drawal. head. “When somebody ends up into farmland, mostly for corn and soybeans. “I don’t think we’re winning the bat- were looser now, but before long he Death has pulled the men closer, but The son was starting to feel anxious drugs, you’re going to know them,” he Apple orchards and pumpkin farms — tle,” said David Moulden, the fire chief. would be leaving the house at 5 or 6 a.m. at home, arguments erupt over whether and queasy. He cracked open the car said. “You know everybody. To be hon- now closed for the season — are tucked “It gives you a hopelessness.” and returning at 11 p.m. each understands what the other is go- window. “I’m going to get carsick,” he est, I wanted to stay out of it, just con- among clusters of small churches, small Mr. Moulden is a good friend of Mr. “Once I get busy in the field, I ain’t go- ing through. The son says he is grieving said. “I’ve got to take my medicine centrate on the church. But we just kept businesses and even smaller ranch- Winemiller’s and responded to the 911 ing to have time for this stuff,” he said. just as much as his father. The father soon.” He slipped one of the tiny strips getting hit.” style brick houses. Every so often, the calls last March, then again last Decem- “Hopefully I get my license back,” the says he is in recovery just as much as his into his mouth. Better. By early afternoon, the father and roads wind past the gates of a big new ber, when Heather and Eugene died of younger Mr. Winemiller said. “If not, I’ll son. Their conversation curled like a river son, done with their appointments, mansion or high-end subdivision being overdoses. He was also on the call 10 have to find a way up there.” He added, a Quietly, apart from his son, Mr. Wine- as they drove. Mr. Winemiller was con- climbed into the Tahoe and headed built in the woods. days before Eugene’s death, when bit ruefully, “Set you up for failure.” miller worries about leaving him alone cerned about the low prices of crops like home down State Route 380. They Jobs have returned to the area since medics revived him using a dose of nal- The younger Mr. Winemiller said that in the farmhouse when his 16-hour days soybeans and corn. His son talked about smoked and listened to contemporary the recession, and manufacturing busi- oxone, which blocks the brain’s opiate being back in the farmhouse had helped in the fields resume. an intervention the two of them had country play softly on the radio, and nesses are popping up along the free- receptors. “Sooner or later, you know save his life by yanking him away from “I hate to say this, but because of his staged just down the road a few nights made plans for their next trip to the pro- way that circles Cincinnati. The county’s they’re going to be found too late,” Mr. old patterns and temptations. past, I don’t trust him,” he said. earlier — talking about their own losses bation office in two days’ time. Gaymoji: Grindr offers new language for that search GAYMOJI, FROM PAGE 1 most one hour out of every 24. text box on a smartphone does at signs as were secret hankie or hatband codes there for the unlocking by those willing “But we were a one-track business,” of incoming messages — seemed tailor- once used to signal identity in the era of to pay $3.99 to own digital icons ar- Mr. Simkhai said on a recent tour of made for Grindr’s expansion into emoji. the closet, said Doug Meyer, an assist- ranged in categories like Mood, Objects, Grindr’s new headquarters in West Hol- “The core of what’s happening with ant professor in the department of wom- Body, and Dating and Sex. lywood. emojis, or Gaymojis, is that they take en, gender and sexuality at the Univer- The company’s founder, Joel Simkhai, A stark change from the quarters some of the pressure off coming up with sity of Virginia. “The corporate element said that in his own communications on Grindr formerly occupied in an anony- something to say in the windowless box is a new part of this. Having a common Grindr he had often felt the need for mous building on a dreary stretch of that is an online conversation,” corporate language created to benefit a emoji that were not previously avail- Sunset Boulevard, the company’s new Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist who is business ends up excluding a lot of peo- able. offices occupy a glass-walled floor at the writing a book about how the internet is ple and creating very particular and “Partly, this project started because Pacific Design Center, with stereoscopic changing language, said from the South normative ways of thinking about sex.” the current set of emojis set by some in- vistas of the Los Angeles area visible by Southwest technology conference in ternational board were limited and not from every desk. Austin, Tex. “It’s, ‘Here’s some clever evolving fast enough for us,” said Mr. Yet few of the 90 employees in the of- images so I don’t have to come up with a “There’s this shift going on Simkhai, who in certain ways fits the fices seemed to take much note of the witty pick up line.’ You’re not trying to culturally and we need to stereotype of a gay man in West Holly- brilliant azure skies returned to the area communicate anything in particular so follow the users where wood: a lithe, gym-fit, hairless non- after weeks of rain. Like most every much as signaling your desire to contin- they’re taking us.” smoker who enjoys dancing at gay cir- other human in the developed world, ue the conversation.” cuit parties. “If I wanted to say some- they had their heads buried in their Gaymoji, then, serve as both conver- thing about going dancing, I would al- screens. sational and even existential The point is not altogether lost on Mr. ways have to use the red-dress dancing “We’re all so attached to our phones placeholders, Ms. McCulloch said: Simkhai, who noted that at a recent woman. I thought, ‘Why isn’t there a guy that when people talk about the notion of “You’re using them to say, ‘I’m still here birthday celebrated just before he inau- dancing?’ It was weird to me that I al- BRAD TORCHIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES the computer melding with the human and I still want to be talking to you.’ ” gurated the Gaymoji, he was given the ways had to send that woman in the red Joel Simkhai, Grindr’s founder, at its headquarters in West Hollywood, Calif. Grindr’s and ask when that’s going to happen, I Among the pitfalls Grindr faces by in- bad news by colleagues that, at 40, he dress.” new emoji are arranged into categories like Mood, Objects, Body, and Dating and Sex. say it already has,” Mr. Simkhai said. He troducing a set of icons to represent a might have aged out of his own app. Some were perplexed by the sale last added that the prospect of being de- group no longer easily defined is that by As if to emphasize that assertion, a re- year of a 60 percent stake in Grindr to a prived of a phone for 20 minutes induced replacing one set of hoary stereotypes, it porter combing through the new set of Chinese investment conglomerate spe- sion of Candy Crush, the move seemed coffee dates or the constantly refreshed in him “the highest level of anxiety I can may be introducing others just as Gaymoji in search of something that cializing in online gaming. And yet to all but inevitable. cascade of neck-to-knee photos, the possibly have.” clunky and unfortunate. would symbolize a person of Mr. those who saw in an app that describes Studies commissioned by Grindr three million daily users have been log- That much-analyzed compulsion, “One problem is, you have this com- Simkhai’s vintage could find only one. itself as the world’s largest all-male so- have shown that whether they are lured ging on to the site an average of 18 times with its origins in the brain’s pleasure re- mon language that’s not being organi- It was an image of a gray-haired cial media network an eroticized ver- by the prospect of sexual encounters, or a day and spending a total there of al- ceptors — they light up much the way a cally created by marginalized people,” daddy holding aloft a credit card.

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PAISLEY, SCOTLAND towns in Scotland, exporting intricately woven shawls featuring the namesake pattern made fashionable by the young Queen Victoria (and, much later, by The Working-class stronghold Beatles and by Jimi Hendrix, who is fea- tured in his own mural in Paisley). It says yes to Europe and was also home to the Coats thread- no to staying in Britain making empire, which at one point produced 90 percent of the world’s BY KATRIN BENNHOLD sewing thread. Monuments to its past wealth dot the Between a palatial Baptist church, Eu- town. With only 76,000 inhabitants, rope’s biggest, and a 12th-century abbey, Paisley has the highest density of build- there are five thrift stores, four pawn- ings listed as architecturally and brokers and a dozen boarded-up shop historically significant in Scotland, out- fronts. side of Edinburgh. They include the The McDonald’s is still open, but it Baptist church; a domed Victorian ob- just announced that it, too, is closing. In servatory; an imposing neo-Classical the middle distance: a 19th-century town hall; and the abbey, the cradle of smokestack from which smoke never the royal House of Stewart. The painter rises. and playwright John Byrne is from Pais- The main street of Paisley, Scotland, ley, as are the actor Gerard Butler and looks like that of any struggling, postin- the singer Paolo Nutini, “the best voice dustrial town just south of the border since Otis Redding,” in the opinion of one with England. But while English work- local resident. ing-class cities like Sunderland and But a mere five-minute drive away is Stoke-on-Trent voted to leave the Euro- Ferguslie Park, a notorious housing es- pean Union, this Scottish town, best tate, parts of which rank at the bottom of known for giving the teardrop pattern the Scottish Index of Multiple Depriva- its name, voted to stay in the bloc — and tion. Child poverty is high, and knife to leave the United Kingdom. fights not uncommon. Advertised on the The bid for Scottish independence white board in the community center: a failed three years ago despite support Narcotics Anonymous meeting and a from working-class communities like coffee afternoon with Chest, Heart and Paisley. But in the past week, Scotland’s Stroke Scotland. leader, Nicola Sturgeon, called for a new As recently as the 1960s, people had referendum. And after Britain’s decision plenty of work in the cotton mills, in a to leave the European Union — opposed large carpet factory and at a Chrysler by 62 percent of Scots — many here plant, among other places. But since the seem more determined than ever to end factories closed, work is often unskilled the 310-year-old union with England. and poorly paid. One mother of two re- “We don’t want to be ruled by another counted how she worked three part- country anymore; we don’t want to be time jobs and still had only the equiva- pulled out of Europe,” said George Mc- lent of a little over $100 a month to spend Grattan, 83, a retired factory worker. after paying rent and electrical bills. “It’s time for Scotland to stand on its PHOTOGRAPHS BY KIERAN DODDS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Down Gauze Street, past Silk Street own two feet.” Above, the center of Paisley, Scotland. Unlike many nearby towns in England, Paisley voted to stay in the European Union. Below, a Polish store serves an immigrant population. and up Mill Street, Mark Macmillan The language of identity and nation lives in a former cotton mill that is now resonates here as much as in the rest of an apartment building. The leader of the working-class Britain, but the conversa- ners in Scotland’s blue-and-white na- local council and a member of the ailing tion is entirely different. OrkneyOrk tional colors. Labour Party, Mr. Macmillan is stepping Islands Where England has veered right and Out er Mrs. May is not the first British leader down before local elections in May, English nationalism tends to be of the Hebrid es to be alarmed by happenings north of which, if polls are to be believed, will nostalgic kind, laced with anti-immi- the English border. A 19th-century also be won by the Scottish nationalists. grant rhetoric, Scotland has veered left Inverness prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, once A marble mason-turned-politician, and embraced a civic-style nationalism, wrote in a novel, “Keep your eye on Pais- Mr. Macmillan is no fan of nationalism, SCOTLAND North Sea welcoming anyone who wants to live ley.” One of his characters, a fictional not even the Scottish “cuddly” variety, and work in the country. Inn er cotton mill owner, fretted about workers he says. He quotes Jeremy Corbyn, the There is enough immigration in Pais- Hebrid es Edinburgh starting a revolution. Labour leader: “You can’t eat a flag.” ley to support a Polish section in the Paisley Rebellion weaves through Paisley’s Since the last referendum, Scotland’s public library and a Polish grocery history like a red thread, beginning with oil and gas revenues have fallen sharply N. store. The manager, Marcin Sutkowski, Wallace. and growth has dipped. But if the eco- IRELANDD plans to vote for Scottish independence The radical weavers that Disraeli nomic case for independence has — not least because he fears for his right ENGLAND warned about are still celebrated every weakened, for many here, the political to stay after Britain has left the Euro- Irish Sea July in the Sma’ Shot festival, where and emotional case has strengthened. pean Union. “We are scared of Brexit,” IRELAND residents pound a drum and burn an ef- George Adam, who represents Pais- he said, referring to the withdrawal. BRITAIN figy of a factory owner (last year’s bore ley in the Scottish Parliament in Edin- “Scottish people respect us.” a striking resemblance to Nigel Farage, burgh, wears only ties that carry the Mr. Sutkowski, 28, talked about Polish then leader of the pro-Brexit, anti-immi- Paisley pattern, or the black and white WALES 100 Miles immigrants in England and how the grant U.K. Independence Party, which colors of the local soccer club. He joined mood had changed since the vote to has failed to win a single seat in Scot- the nationalists in 1987, a time when leave the European Union. Racist slurs land). Margaret Thatcher, then the Conserva- have become more common. Poles now When Glasgow banned punk bands in tive prime minister, left her mark on often find themselves accused of steal- “Scotland needs its own money,” a the 1707 union with England, which gave day her intention to withhold approval the 1970s, Paisley welcomed them. Two Scotland with regressive taxes and anti- ing jobs and benefits. third concluded, prompting more its weavers and cotton mills access to for a legally binding secession vote in years ago, the town elected Mhairi union policies, even though few Scots At a local pub, a group of middle-aged earnest chat about who should be fea- foreign markets, ideas and technology Scotland until after Britain has left the Black, a fiery 20-year-old nationalist voted for her. Paisley “buddies,” as residents call tured on the notes. (William Wallace, and made it one of the most productive European Union. who had yet to complete her university “Scotland felt like a different country themselves, placed the blame for the Scotland’s most celebrated freedom towns in the British Empire. “At this point, all our energies should exams, making her Britain’s youngest then,” he recalled. “Today, it does so lack of decent work and strained public fighter, who was born just outside Pais- “Paisley was at the frontier of global- be focused on our negotiations with the member of Parliament in at least 185 more than ever.” services not on immigrants but on ley and hanged, drawn and quartered by ization before the term ‘globalization’ European Union about our future rela- years. That also made her the face of There is one thing that Paisley has in “Westminster” — shorthand for the un- King Edward I of England in 1305, is a was coined,” Mr. Coughlan said. He tionship,” Mrs. May said. “To be talking Scotland’s anti-establishment revolt, common with Stoke-on-Trent and Sun- popular Conservative government in clear favorite; followed by Mary Stuart, backed independence in 2014. But now about an independence referendum will one that ended decades of Labour Party derland: They are all competing to be- London — and spent the next half-hour beheaded by Queen Elizabeth three cen- that Britain is leaving the European Un- make it more difficult for us to be able to rule and put the nationalists in charge. come Britain’s City of Culture in 2021. discussing currency options for an inde- turies later.) ion, he is not so sure. get the right deal for Scotland, and the “Paisley is kind of synonymous with The designation could bolster local pendent Scotland. On the second floor of Paisley Mu- “Who knows whether the European right deal for the U.K.” Scotland,” said Ms. Black, who recently pride and confidence, officials say. But “The euro is hopeless — just look at seum, Dan Coughlan, the curator for Union will still be there in a few years’ This past week, there was little sign conceded that she found Parliament in by then, Scotland might be an independ- Greece,” one man scoffed. textiles, is more skeptical about seces- time?” he said. “Scotland could be on its that such maneuvering would subdue London “depressing” and was ready to ent country. “Aye, but we can’t keep the pound if sion. Leafing through an 18th-century own, outside the U.K. and Europe.” the pro-independence buzz. Within min- quit, one recent afternoon. “There was a Mr. Adam chuckled, adding, “We England is outside of Europe, can we?” pattern book, Mr. Coughlan told the Well aware of such fears, Prime Min- utes of Ms. Sturgeon’s call for a new lack of confidence, but that is changing.” could be the first City of Culture in a his friend replied. story of how Paisley had benefited from ister Theresa May reiterated on Thurs- vote, nationalists were putting up ban- Paisley was once one of the richest newly independent Scotland.” A Broadway musical opens curtain for Canadian soft power

BY MICHAEL PAULSON joined by Nikki R. Haley, the American stage, because it’s not often,” Ms. ambassador to the United Nations, and “I know — and I’ve always Sankoff said. They are streaming into New York from Mr. Trudeau, accompanied by his wife, felt, for Canada — that we The show had one pre-Broadway run Calgary, Montreal and, of course, New- Sophie, watched an artistic tribute to the recognize that diversity is a in Canada, an eight-week stand at the foundland. Some wear red, stay warm in virtues of embracing foreigners, Presi- great source of strength.” Royal Alexandra Theater in Toronto, gloves adorned with the maple leaf, or dent Trump was proposing to eliminate where standing-room space and an ex- carry a provincial flag. federal funding of the arts and to ban tra performance were added to meet de- Canada is having a rare moment on travel from parts of the Muslim world. pressed by Tom Brokaw of NBC on dif- mand, and the show is returning to the Broadway — “Come From Away,” a mu- Although the musical has been in de- ferences about refugees, he said, “I same theater next year (this will be in sical written by a married Canadian cou- velopment for years, it arrives on know — and I’ve always felt, for Canada addition to the Broadway production, ple, set in Newfoundland and celebrat- Broadway at a complex moment for — that we recognize that diversity is a assuming it’s still running). ing Canadian decency, has just opened Canada’s relationship with its southern great source of strength, and that’s Sue Frost, one of the show’s lead at the Schoenfeld Theater. The show neighbor. The Trump administration is something we’re open to in the world.” producers, estimated that 14 percent of was already drawing an unusually high demanding to rework the North Ameri- Canadians in the audience were more the audience is from Canada, a marked number of Canadian ticket-buyers, and can Free Trade Agreement — a pact explicit in seeing the show as a moment increase over the 2.6 percent average on an extraordinary amount of Canadian strongly supported by Mr. Trudeau; the to highlight how Canada’s welcoming of Broadway, according to data collected media attention, even before this past United States ban on immigrants from refugees contrasts with America’s by the Broadway League. One night, the week, when it hit the apotheosis of Cana- six predominantly Muslim countries, harsher policy. mayor of Calgary showed up; the New- dianness: The country’s charismatic blocked this past week by two federal “Canada understands these people foundland-based Memorial University and popular prime minister, Justin judges, has set off a surge in asylum are just looking for security and a safe School of Music sent a group; and on Trudeau, attended with a group of 600 seekers fleeing from the United States place for their families,’’ said Sophie de Wednesday night the audience included allies and diplomats. to Canada, where they have largely Caen, 57, who moved to New York from SAM HODGSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES not only Mr. Trudeau but one of his And now the show has turned un- been welcomed; and Mr. Trump’s budg- Montreal, where she works for the Justin Trudeau, Canada’s prime minister, center, and his wife, Sophie, right, after predecessors, Jean Chrétien. expectedly into a form of Canadian soft et proposal would eliminate a federal United Nations Development Program, watching a performance of “Come From Away” in New York City. “You can always tell the Canadians, power: an expression of Canadian program aimed at cleaning up the Great which helps Syrian refugees, among because they respond so differently and ideals, seemingly at odds with those of Lakes, which over 10 million Canadians others. “As we can see in this show, vociferously, and if you’re really lucky the new American administration, on rely on for their drinking water. Canadians have a generosity of spirit. when we go sign autographs there are David Hein, and was nurtured by the you have Newfoundlanders waving stage nightly in the heart of New York In remarks to the audience before the We accept diversity.” school groups from Alberta or some- Canadian Music Theater Project at flags,” said Ms. Frost, who is American. City. show, and to reporters afterward, Mr. Renee Beaumont, 48, who moved to where else in Canada,” he said. “This is a Sheridan College near Toronto. But “There are days when you see 40 or 50 On Wednesday night, Mr. Trudeau sat Trudeau chose his words carefully. He New York from Vancouver years ago, very Canada-proud story, and people most of its pre-Broadway development flags in the house.” side-by-side with Ivanka Trump, the described “Come From Away” as a tes- showed up at the musical wearing a are excited to celebrate that.” took place in the United States, and the And the Canadian performers are American president’s daughter and tament to the deep friendship between shirt emblazoned with the words, “I am Four previous musicals written by vast majority of the show’s $12 million taking particular pleasure at portraying close adviser, as the 100-minute musical the United States and Canada, and said an immigrant.” Canadians have opened on Broadway, capitalization was raised in the United their home country on the world’s big- celebrated the welcome extended by disagreements were to be expected be- “The contrast between the U.S. and and three of them flopped (the excep- States, too, though there are a number of gest stage. “You always imagine as a kid residents of Gander, a small town in tween allies. Canada is so stark,” Ms. Beaumont said. tion was “The Drowsy Chaperone”). Canadian investors. you want to do ‘Annie,’ ” said Petrina Newfoundland, to thousands of air “We’re always going to have differ- “Nothing is solved unless we have dia- “Come From Away,” which opened last The news media in Canada has cov- Bromley, the lone Newfoundlander in travelers diverted during the terrorist ences of approaches on certain issues, logue.” Sunday, is off to a healthy, but not ered the show’s journey to Broadway the cast. “But to be here as a Newfound- attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. The show is but the fundamental hopes for the fu- Lee MacDougall, a native of Kirkland record-setting, start — it garnered a exhaustively, including segments on the lander, doing a show about Newfound- packed with distinctive local details; ture, the responsibilities of keeping peo- Lake, in northern Ontario, and one of the strong review from The New York opening night party, The New York land, is beyond anything I could ever one scene, inevitably, is set in the ubiqui- ple safe, and building a better future for musical’s cast members, said he feels a Times, and is doing decent business at Times review, its cast and its financial have imagined.” tous doughnut chain Tim Hortons. our kids is something that we can al- particular pride that the show is res- the box office. prospects. The timing was rich: As Ms. Trump, ways agree on,” he told the CBC. Then, onating with Canadians. “Every night The musical is by Irene Sankoff and “We love to see ourselves on the world Dan Levin contributed to this report. .. 4 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION world

Abe hurt In Europe, the seeds of populism by new GERMANY, FROM PAGE 1 hamburgers and salad as well as falafels and doner kebabs. accusations Ceylan Mahmoud, whose cousin owns the restaurant, stood behind the counter. Right-wing parties sometimes in scandal accuse Turkish immigrants like him of being unable to assimilate in German TOKYO society. Asked whether he’d experi- enced any harassment, he snorted. It happened all the time, he said. Peo- ple would say things to him on the train Extreme right-wing group and on the street. “People look at you and they don’t claims prime minister of know you’ve been here almost 25 years,” Japan donated funds to it he said. “They don’t know you work.” But asked about the Alternative for BY JONATHAN SOBLE Germany, he shrugged. Though the par- ty’s rise had shocked much of Europe, to The leader of a scandal-tainted Japa- Mr. Mahmoud it was the Germany he al- nese education group known for ex- ready knew. treme right-wing views has said that As we spoke, a customer who had Prime Minister Shinzo Abe donated been chatting volubly at the counter, money to it in 2015, a claim that directly Jakob Raff, grew quiet. He leaned over contradicted accounts by Mr. Abe. to offer a warning: “There are right- The assertion, if true, has the poten- wingers here,” he said. “You should be tial to inflict significant political damage careful asking such questions.” on Mr. Abe. The group’s leader, Yasunori Kagoike, did not immediately offer evi- THE HALO EFFECT dence to back up his claim on Thursday. Buch, on the surface, appears to be an Accusations that Mr. Kagoike re- unlikely source of anti-immigrant anger. ceived improper financial favors from For one: There are few migrants here. the government have escalated into a While many nearby parts of Berlin are scandal that has dominated headlines in tremendously diverse, filled with Japan and hurt Mr. Abe’s approval rat- refugees and other immigrants from all ings. over the world, Buch has remained Network news crews followed a group overwhelmingly white, despite the pres- of members of Parliament to Mr. ence of a small refugee center in the Kagoike’s home in Osaka on Thursday, middle of town. broadcasting live as the lawmakers Social scientists call this the “halo ef- waited to question him. fect”: a phenomenon, repeated across Mr. Kagoike’s extreme views have be- Europe, in which people are most likely come a contentious issue in Japan, to vote for far-right politicians if they partly because of his links to prominent live close to diverse areas, but not ac- political figures. A kindergarten operat- tually within them. ed by his group seeks to promote “patri- Jens Rydgren and Patrick Ruth, soci- GORDON WELTERS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES otism and pride” by reviving elements ologists at the University of Stockholm, The railway station in Buch, Germany. After World War II, celebrating German identity became taboo, often seen as a step toward the nationalism that allowed the rise of the Nazis. of Japan’s militaristic prewar education wrote in 2011 that people in such commu- system. He has been accused of making nities may be close enough to immi- derogatory statements about Chinese grants to feel they are under threat, but longing, but struggle to find one. they seek a strong identity that will supporters that Germans were “the ter. Mr. Orthman said that he had devel- and Koreans. still too far to have the kinds of regular, After World War II, celebrating or make them feel part of a powerful group. only people in the world to plant a monu- oped a positive view of refugees after His political connections took on a friendly interactions that would dispel even defining German identity became Identifying with something powerful ment of shame in the heart of its capital,” becoming a security guard in a refugee newly troubling dimension after it their fears. taboo, often seen as a step toward the and capable of bringing about change, referring to Berlin’s memorial to Jews center in a neighboring town. emerged last month that officials had al- Eric Kaufmann, a political scientist at nationalism that allowed the rise of the like a strong nation, becomes very at- murdered in the Holocaust. Across the street, Elena Salow, who lowed Mr. Kagoike’s group, Moritomo Birkbeck College in London, has found Nazis. The attitude shifted somewhat tractive, he said. “Germany needs a positive relation- lives a few blocks over from the refugee Gakuen, to buy government-owned land that rising diversity can push the “halo” with the 2006 World Cup, where the Ger- Ms. Reuter said that many people in ship with our identity,” he told me, “be- center, was walking home with her at a discount. outward. East London was a center of man hosts unabashedly flew their flag Buch did feel a sense of lost control. The cause at the foundation of being able to young daughter. She said she didn’t far-right activity in the 1970s, but as and celebrated national pride and flag. refugee crisis was perceived as a sign move forward is identity. The founda- have any “direct feelings” about the asy- neighborhoods there became more di- But there is still enough of a void that that Germany’s borders had become tion of our unity is identity.” lum center or Alternative for Germany, verse, far-right support fell and rose in leaves people with an “inner empti- lawless. And the presence of the local but that she had had good experiences the whiter suburbs just beyond them. ness,” Ms. Reuter said. This gap in self- refugee center, though home to just a COMFORT IN CONTACT with the refugees. Buch, too, seems to fit that pattern. few hundred people, brought a sense of As you approach the refugee center in “Sometimes we meet on the play- Despite the arrival of some refugees, heightened stakes. Buch, signs of anti-immigrant hostility ground and the children play together,” there are so few Muslims that the super- “People look at you and they Many of her elderly parishioners, she grow more obvious. Alternative for Ger- Ms. Salow said. market does not even stock halal meats. don’t know you’ve been here said, had told her they couldn’t believe many placards, torn and strewn on the These interviews pointed toward But it lies in a district that borders Wed- almost 25 years. They don’t what young people today had to contend street, show grinning, swarthy men something called intergroup contact ding, one of the most diverse parts of know you work.” with. “And these are people who grew up clutching handfuls of euros. theory. When people have direct contact Berlin. during World War II! Who were So does the air of menace. One of the with members of a particular ethnic or Buch’s white residents, according to bombed, and experienced the war!” refugee center’s buildings is scarred national group, studies find, they tend to this theory, are fearful not because their definition has left them no way to ex- But they felt lucky to have experi- with scorch marks from a recent arson become more tolerant of the group as a TORU HANAI/REUTERS lives or jobs have been upended by mi- press their identity except by what they enced a kind of agency and identity that attack. whole. Shinzo Abe has denied that he had direct gration, but because they perceive this are not — what is sometimes termed a young people today were denied, she Juliane Willuhn, the center’s director, This suggests that regular contact personal links to Moritomo Gakuen. as happening in areas like Wedding and “negative identity.” said. “ ‘At least at that time I could do said the crime remained unsolved. No with immigrants reduces support for worry they could be next. “You can say ‘I’m not a Muslim,’ but something,’ ” she recounted them say- one was injured in the blaze, but the at- right-wing populist parties by removing most people can’t say ‘I am a Chris- ing to her. “ ‘At least at that point I was a tack seemed designed to threaten: In- the sense of fear that fuels them. The land was to be used for an ele- A NEGATIVE IDENTITY tian,’ ” or otherwise articulate a positive part of it.’ ” vestigators concluded the fire was set If true, that hints that Alternative for mentary school, for which Moritomo Across town, down a road lined with identity, she explained. “There is an That has left an opening for Alterna- intentionally, in a room containing baby Germany’s hold in Buch might be Gakuen has been soliciting funds and communist-era apartment blocks, I ar- emptiness. And I think that’s a society- tive for Germany, which promises to re- strollers. Nothing was left of them ex- weaker than their recent electoral suc- drawing encouragement from the right. rived at the church building where Cor- wide thing. It’s not just one group. It’s a store German patriotism. Far-right poli- cept ashes and a few charred wheels. cesses would imply. But that kind of con- Mr. Abe’s wife, Akie, has been a prom- nelia Reuter and her husband, Hagen very wide problem.” ticians like the party’s Björn Höcke, Ms. And yet several Buch residents who tact is slow to take effect, while the party inent supporter, serving until recently Kühne, live and work as pastors. Reuter said, know how to exploit that lived near the center, in interviews, ex- has already enjoyed a meteoric rise. as “honorary principal” of the planned Ms. Reuter said some of her TAKING CONTROL identity taboo. “People like Höcke are pressed optimism about their refugee Far-right support may eventually di- school. She resigned the position last parishioners were preoccupied with Germany’s identity taboo is not new. But pushing against this thing,” she said. neighbors. They hinted at the flip side of minish. But in the meantime it will leave month amid the escalating furor. fears that more refugees would be sent recent events may have made it sud- “He knows to put his words right there.” theories like the halo effect: that contact Germany’s migrants, and European But Mr. Abe has denied that he had di- to Buch. She and her husband traced denly feel more painful. In an interview, Mr. Höcke told me he with people who are different eases the politics, under tremendous stress. rect personal links to the group. this fear, in part, to a deeper problem: Immo Fritsche, a political scientist at believed identity was “the question” for fears that can drive populist backlashes. “He did not donate money, or donate Many within their community, they said, the University of Leipzig, has found that Germany today. Minutes later, he told a Martin Orthman was walking his dog, Shane Thomas McMillan contributed re- through Akie or his office or any third long for a clear sense of identity and be- when people feel they have lost control, crowd of hundreds of cheering Sunny, in the park near the refugee cen- porting. party,” Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshi- hide Suga, the government spokesman, said on Thursday after Mr. Kagoike made his assertion. Previously Mr. Abe had said he would quit politics if he or his wife were found Trump digs in on wiretap, no matter the evidence to have influenced official dealings with Moritomo Gakuen. WASHINGTON quarters, the signals agency known as been provided all the information,” Mr. Atsuo Ito, a political analyst, said that GCHQ, to spy on Mr. Trump. In effect, Spicer said. while a donation by Mr. Abe of his own the White House was embracing a claim But Rachel Cohen, a spokeswoman money would have been legal, it would BY PETER BAKER that the United States’ closest ally col- for Mr. Warner, later responded: “The be “an ethical problem” for him, because AND CHARLIE SAVAGE laborated with a president against a bipartisan leaders of the Intelligence “it could mean his statements until now presidential candidate. Committee would not have made the have been lies, which would be a big inci- The former president of the United “There’s widespread reporting that statement they made without having dent that would shake the government.” States denied it. So did the former na- throughout the 2016 election, there was been fully briefed by the appropriate au- Mr. Kagoike said he recalled having tional intelligence director. The F.B.I. di- surveillance that was done on a variety thorities.” received donations in September 2015 rector has said privately that it is false. of people,” Mr. Spicer said. Asked if the At the White House briefing, among “including money donated by Abe.” The speaker of the House of president stood by his original allega- the articles Mr. Spicer read from were He did not elaborate but said he would Representatives and the chairmen of tion, Mr. Spicer said, “He stands by it.” several from The New York Times. How- provide more information to Parlia- the House and Senate Intelligence Com- Early on Friday, GCHQ issued a state- ever, none of them actually reported ment. Mr. Abe’s party, the Liberal mittees — all three Republican — see no ment denying that it had wiretapped Mr. that Mr. Obama had authorized surveil- Democrats, had resisted opposition de- indications that it happened. Trump during the presidential cam- lance of Mr. Trump or that Mr. Trump mands to call Mr. Kagoike to testify, but But President Trump insists he is paign, saying that the allegations were had been eavesdropped. relented on Thursday after Mr. right. No matter how many officials, “nonsense, utterly ridiculous and Mr. Spicer complained that reporters Kagoike’s remarks, according to NHK, even in his own party, dismiss his unsub- should be ignored.” had not focused on a comment by Mr. the national broadcaster. Mr. Kagoike stantiated claim that President Barack The agency rarely comments on intel- Nunes, the House intelligence chair- will testify on Thursday, NHK said. Obama secretly tapped his phones last ligence matters; its statement was both man, that “it’s possible” that intelligence In Mr. Kagoike’s meeting with the year, the White House made clear on unusual and unusually vehement. agencies could have swept up others in lawmakers in Osaka on Thursday, he Thursday that it would stand by the as- The White House defiance came AL DRAGO/THE NEW YORK TIMES the course of their surveillance, includ- elaborated somewhat, members of the sertion. shortly after the top two senators over- Senators Mark Warner, left, a Democrat, and Richard M. Burr, a Republican, both re- ing Mr. Trump. Mr. Nunes did note that parliamentary group said afterward. Ultimately, it insisted, the president seeing the intelligence community jected President Trump’s claim that his phones had been tapped during the campaign. Mr. Trump was concerned about “other Mr. Kagoike told them he had received 1 will be proved correct. joined the chorus of lawmakers debunk- surveillance activities looking at him million yen from Mrs. Abe when she Two weeks after Mr. Trump first ac- ing the claim. and his associates” and said his commit- gave a speech at the kindergarten in cused his predecessor in a series of Sat- “Based on the information available Trump and Mr. Spicer have both noted secret evidence no one else had seen. He tee would find out. September 2015, they said. The lawmak- urday morning Twitter posts, the stand- to us, we see no indications that Trump that in one of his Twitter posts the presi- told Mr. Carlson that he “will be submit- But Mr. Nunes was firm in saying that ers also quoted him as saying he be- off between the president and the avail- Tower was the subject of surveillance by dent used quotation marks around the ting things before the committee very Mr. Trump’s original Twitter post was lieved some of the money had come able record has come to shadow the any element of the United States gov- phrase “wires tapped,” which they said soon that hasn’t been submitted as of yet not borne out by the facts. “I don’t be- from the prime minister. White House even as it tries to overhaul ernment either before or after Election indicated that it was not meant to be tak- — but it’s potentially a very serious situ- lieve there was an actual tap of Trump Mr. Abe’s defense minister, Tomomi the nation’s health care system and Day 2016,” Senator Richard M. Burr, Re- en literally. ation.” Mr. Trump added, “You’re going Tower,” he said on Wednesday. If Mr. Inada, has also been embroiled in the drastically rewrite the federal budget. publican of North Carolina, and Senator “That really covers surveillance and to find some very interesting items com- Trump’s posts were to be taken literally, scandal. A former lawyer, she helped de- Much like his longstanding assertion Mark Warner, Democrat of Virginia, many other things,” Mr. Trump told ing to the forefront over the next two “then clearly the president was wrong,” fend Moritomo Gakuen in a lawsuit in that Mr. Obama was not born in the said in a statement. Tucker Carlson in an interview on weeks.” Mr. Nunes said. 2004, but under questioning in Parlia- United States, Mr. Trump dismisses con- The blunt conclusion by the leaders of Wednesday night on Fox News. “No- The White House staff took its cue That was not a word the White House ment she initially denied working for the trary information with undiminished the Senate Intelligence Committee body ever talks about the fact that it was from that interview and mapped out an was willing to use on Thursday. Asked if group. surety. means that all four congressional lead- in quotes, but that’s a very important aggressive defense on Thursday. Mr. Mr. Trump would apologize to Mr. She retracted that statement this past The White House even added a new ers who oversee intelligence-based sur- thing.” Trump was already angry that two Obama if it turned out he was wrong, Mr. week and apologized, saying she had assertion on Thursday during a fiercely veillance by the government have re- That, however, ignores the fact that courts had blocked his temporary travel Spicer demurred. forgotten, but opposition parties have combative and sometimes surreal brief- jected Mr. Trump’s claim. On Wednes- other Twitter posts Mr. Trump made ban even though he had been assured by “We’re not going to prejudge what the demanded that she resign. ing by the press secretary, Sean Spicer, day, their counterparts on the House In- that morning did not use quotation his staff that his latest one would pass outcome of this is,” he said. “I think Officials in Osaka prefecture said this who berated reporters and read from telligence Committee, Representatives marks and were pretty specific. “How judicial muster. So Mr. Spicer headed to we’ve got to let the process work its will, past week they were considering filing a news accounts that either did not back Devin Nunes, a Republican, and Adam low has President Obama gone to tapp the lectern on Thursday primed for a and then when there’s a report that criminal complaint against Moritomo up the president’s claims or have been B. Schiff, a Democrat, both from Califor- my phones during the very sacred elec- fight and armed with a stack of news comes out conclusive from there, then Gakuen over irregularities in the refuted by intelligence officials. nia, made similar statements. tion process,” he wrote in one, mis- clippings that he read at length to justify we’ll be able to comment.” school’s licensing application. One report that Mr. Spicer read con- In recent days, the president and his spelling the word tap. “This is Nixon/ the president’s claim. tended that Mr. Obama used Britain’s aides have tried to recast his original as- Watergate. Bad (or sick) guy!” “The bottom line is the investigation Maggie Haberman contributed report- Makiko Inoue contributed reporting. Government Communications Head- sertion to make it more defensible. Mr. Mr. Trump also suggested that he had by the House and the Senate has not ing from New York. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 5 world

U.N. leader and U.S. envoy in a delicate dance

UNITED NATIONS would face funding cuts, saying, without perhaps too much, his critics have said. means that the United States pays 22 providing details, that “in many areas, And while he has criticized the global percent of the organization’s operating the U.N. spends more money than it tide of populism in generic terms, he has budget. Second, because it is a veto- BY SOMINI SENGUPTA should.” said little directly about Mr. Trump’s wielding member of the Security Coun- For Mr. Guterres and the United Na- pronouncements or his policies. cil, it pays a higher share of the peace- He’s the new leader of the United Na- tions, the stakes are extremely high, as Ms. Haley has brought a notable per- keeping budget — 28 percent currently, tions, an international diplomat who they are for people around the world sonal style to the job. which Mr. Trump wants to reduce to 25 spent years focused on the plight of the who depend on the organization for such She has rebranded the United States percent. And third, it pays voluntarily world’s refugees. She’s a diplomatic neo- diverse things as childhood vaccina- Mission as #TeamHaley on Twitter. She for perennially underfunded aid agen- phyte representing an “America First” tions, food in times of famine, has gushed about how much she loves cies like the World Food Program. administration that seeks travel bans peacekeepers to protect them from ma- “The Americans,” the spy drama about Ms. Haley’s toughest remarks have for refugees and mocked the United Na- rauding armies, and envoys who try to Russian espionage. She has drawn criti- been on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. tions. bring warlords to the negotiating table. cism from rights groups for inviting the She has excoriated the Security Coun- It is an awkward relationship. But as (The stakes are less critical for the Center for Family & Human Rights, a cil for discussing the conflict on a the White House stands poised to slash United States, at least fiscally speaking: group that opposes gay rights and is monthly basis and forced Mr. Guterres funding for the United Nations — how Funding for the United Nations is less listed as a “hate group” by the Southern to withdraw the nomination of a United severely is still to be determined — it is a than 0.1 percent of the total federal budg- Poverty Law Center, to be part of the Nations envoy who is a Palestinian. It critical relationship for both the secre- et.) United States delegation to an annual was seen as an unusual act of deference tary general, António Guterres, and the And so, Mr. Guterres, who took office women’s rights meeting at the United to the United States by a secretary gen- United States ambassador, Nikki R. Ha- Jan. 1, has pulled out all the stops to en- Nations. eral. ley. gage Ms. Haley. She has criticized the United Nations And she has repeatedly criticized the For Ms. Haley, an ambitious poli- MERIDITH KOHUT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES He hosted her for lunch in his 38th- Human Rights Council for welcoming Security Council for a resolution, tician, the ambassadorship is an oppor- United States military personnel delivering rice, green peas and cooking oil from the floor dining room on the day she pre- countries like Cuba and China, though adopted in December, that condemns Is- tunity to burnish her foreign policy cre- World Food Program to Haiti, in an area ravaged by Hurricane Matthew last October. sented her credentials and promised a she has made no moves to withdraw the raeli settlement building and asks the dentials. Mr. Guterres, a former poli- muscular American approach to di- United States from the council. secretary general to provide quarterly tician himself, needs to fend off the deci- plomacy. “We’re taking names,” she said Repeatedly, she has homed in on a briefings on the subject. mation of his organization. United Nations allows her to build on She has also echoed the Trump ad- about countries that crossed the United purely domestic audience. She said in Suzanne Nossel, a former senior offi- For the last six weeks, the two di- her limited foreign affairs experience. ministration’s criticism of the United States, before going upstairs to meet her confirmation hearing that she did cial at the United States mission who is plomats have been dancing around each As the United States ambassador, she Nations, deploring what she said was its him. Mr. Guterres has since met with not favor a “slash and burn” approach to currently the executive director of the other delicately, she in her trademark has enormous leverage over the United anti-Israel bias and its lack of efficiency, her at least a half-dozen times and spo- cutting funding for the United Nations, Pen American Center, said the challenge pointy-heeled boots, he in avuncular Nations, but she also appears to have even as she has taken pains to build ken to her by phone on other occasions. but she then questioned whether the for Mr. Guterres now is to show the brogues, both trying to leverage the some freedom to speak her mind. She good will among her diplomatic peers. A former prime minister of Portugal, United States gets what it pays for. world, and principally the Americans, other to get what they need. has criticized Russia’s role in the Syrian In a statement on Thursday, she said Mr. Guterres, 67, has tried to cast him- The United States is by far the largest what kind of secretary general he will Ms. Haley, 45, a former governor of conflict, using language that differed she was “working closely” with Mr. self as the man who can deliver a leaner, donor to the United Nations in a number be. South Carolina, has a lot to gain. She is markedly from that of President Trump, Guterres to reform the United Nations nimbler United Nations — and therefore of ways. Will he be a “vessel” for member expected to have a long political career who has adopted a more conciliatory and “restore trust and value.” She sig- one deserving of United States support. First, it pays dues, like every other states, she asked, or a moral counter- ahead of her, and being the envoy to the stance toward Moscow. naled clearly that the organization He has deferred to the United States — country, based on its wealth, which weight? Trump and ‘Brexit’ gave Dutch caution

THE HAGUE site impact, several analysts and poll- sters said. Similarly, the British vote to leave the European Union, known as Brexit, may Experts say voters sought look less inviting as a model as the reali- ty of its messiness comes into view. stability in their choice Charles Grant, director of the Center to reject far-right populist for European Reform, a London-based research organization, said the “Trump BY ALISSA J. RUBIN factor” had played a role in “making people think twice about voting for a If there is one thing the Dutch agree on, populist, as people have seen that if you it is to preserve the dikes that protect elect a populist you can get all kinds of this low-lying country from the ravages wacky policies.” of violent seas. That sentiment trans- “At the same time,” he added, “we lates into politics. have seen a drop in populism in Europe For the Dutch, both the British vote to since Brexit, as citizens have realized leave the European Union and Donald J. that, while a protest vote is fun, it can Trump’s election in the United States lead to the uncertainties of Brexit, which broke political dikes, leaving the Dutch are not funny at all. That helped shift the ill at ease with the conflict and uncer- mood in the Netherlands.” tainty that has ensued. In polls in the Netherlands that looked That, some analysts said, helps ex- at perceptions of Mr. Wilders before and plain why the Dutch ultimately chose to after Mr. Trump’s election, Mr. Wilders contain the populist surge led by Geert did significantly better before Mr. Wilders, the far-right icon, in their elec- Trump’s inauguration, said Maurice de tions on Wednesday. Hond, one of the Netherlands’ most sea- “In Europe we all see the develop- soned pollsters. ments in the United States, and that’s “The reason Wilders ended in second not where we want to go because we see place has to do with Trump,” he said, it as chaos,” said Janka Stoker, a profes- noting that there were other factors, like sor in the School of Economics and Busi- Mr. Wilders missing early debates. ness at the University of Groningen in Not everyone agrees, and some ana- the north of the Netherlands. lysts underscored that all politics are lo- “We’re a coalition country; we don’t cal. More important than Brexit or Mr. always like the coalitions, but we know it Trump may have been last weekend’s gives stability, and people know here diplomatic spat with Turkey, which gave that we have to work together,” Ms. the main center-right party a lift after its Stoker said. leader, Prime Minister Mark Rutte, took It is hard to say if the same feeling will a strong stand against Recep Tayyip Er- prevail in other European countries dogan, the Turkish president. holding elections this year. The Nether- “It’s not just that the Netherlands was lands, a nation of essentially liberal so- not that concerned with Trump and Brexit, it’s that there’s a provincialism about these European elections,” said “We all see the developments E. C. Hendriks, a Dutch researcher in in the United States, and that’s social sciences and cultural anthropolo- not where we want to go gy at Peking University in Beijing. “Re- because we see it as chaos.” ally, everyone is on his island.” Certainly, there are factors in both France and Germany that make their cial instincts, is some barometer, but an respective elections idiosyncratic and imperfect one, with its proportional potentially less affected by the Ameri- electoral system that dissipates power can and British political winds. and enforces cooperation. Nonetheless, in France it is striking It is far less clear that the political cir- that for the most part Marine Le Pen, cuit breakers in places like France or It- the leader of the far-right National aly will similarly hold back a populist Front, has steered clear of analogies be- movement. They have already blown in tween her politics and those of Mr. Britain, where the incautious choice of a Trump. yes-no referendum on Europe removed “Geert Wilders, the Le Pen Dutch the usual electoral safeguards, and in equivalent, spoke a lot about Trump, he the United States, where the Electoral praised him on the Muslim ban and was College has twice overridden the popu- one of the few European political figures lar vote since 2000. to praise that ban,” said Alexandra de So while the sense of relief among Eu- Hoop Scheffer, director of the German ropean-minded politicians and voters Marshall Fund office in Paris. “Le Pen was palpable on Thursday after the was quieter, I think she understood that Dutch vote, Europe — its project of inte- to be too close to Trump right now when gration, its unity, its political ideals — his administration was in a chaotic was by no means free of populist phase was not to her advantage.” threats. Some Dutch voters said they took Mr. Even if the Dutch refused to hand a Trump’s sometimes bellicose tone seri- big win to Mr. Wilders, they backed cen- ously, and consciously voted for parties ter-right parties that adopted some of that supported the European Union be- his positions and language in order to cause they believe that Europe is win. stronger together and better able to Over all, right-leaning parties, includ- stand up to the United States under Mr. ing the parties defined as populist by Trump. academics and pollsters, gained seven One important difference between the seats in the Dutch Parliament, giving Netherlands and countries that vote lat- them 57 percent of the 150-member body er this year is that the Dutch have had in this election, in contrast to 52.6 per- experience with populists in govern- cent in the last election when they had ment, said Ronald Kroeze, a historian at 79 seats. At the same time, one of the old- the Free University of Amsterdam. est Dutch political forces, the main- Mr. Wilders was part of the governing stream left Labor Party, cratered. coalition in 2010, but when it came to The result all but guarantees that poli- supporting austerity measures in the cies toward immigrants and Muslims wake of the recession, he refused to go will be more restrictive, though less along. That left the impression he was than if Mr. Wilders were running the not serious about governing. Dutch government. Yet there are several signs the Reporting was contributed by Milan “Trump effect” that was once expected Schreuer in Delft and Christopher F. to carry similarly minded populists is Schuetze in Utrecht, in the Netherlands; less powerful, or even having the oppo- and Dan Bilefsky in London. .. 6 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION world

Health bill may test delicate partnership

WASHINGTON riod in the current bill, among other changes, aiming to move the bill through the House and daring moderate Senate Republicans to stand in its way. Union of Trump and Ryan Soon, Mr. Trump could take to the road himself to pressure potentially reluctant strained by effort to pass members in their states, according to a replacement to Obama law person briefed on the discussions. On Wednesday, Vice President Mike BY MATT FLEGENHEIMER Pence sought to galvanize House Re- AND MAGGIE HABERMAN publicans at a closed-door session in the basement of the Capitol, where mem- President Trump, once the master pitch- bers dined on Chick-fil-A and sought man for namesake vodka, steaks and reassurances. Mr. Pence insisted that now-moldering casinos, seems disin- Mr. Trump was “spoiling for a fight” to clined to attach his surname to the see the process through to completion, health care bill some allies have derided according to an attendee. as “Ryancare.” But while the White House has said He assured Americans on Thursday publicly that collaboration has been of the “improvements being made” to smooth, the bill’s struggles have not legislation that Speaker Paul D. Ryan gone unnoticed in Mr. Trump’s orbit. initially suggested would scarcely On Monday, a curiously timed report change, amid grumblings that the White appeared on the pro-Trump website House is fuming over the plan’s star- Breitbart, often a repository of tea crossed rollout. leaves for members of Mr. Trump’s cir- And Mr. Ryan, Mr. Trump’s long-wary cle. (It was once run by Mr. Trump’s partner in the endeavor after a year of chief strategist, Stephen K. Bannon, a campaign criticisms and mistrust, is in- vocal Ryan critic in his old job.) sisting that all is going according to Hours after the release of a damaging plan. “I would say that there is no in- analysis on the health bill from the Con- trigue, palace intrigue, divisions be- gressional Budget Office, the site pub- tween the principals,” Mr. Ryan told lished leaked audio of Mr. Ryan telling reporters on Thursday, allowing that House members last October that he perhaps some “low-level staffers” felt could no longer defend Mr. Trump’s differently. campaign. “We have a president,” he added, The content of the tape was not news; brandishing a fluency in the language of Mr. Ryan’s view at the time was clear, Trump, “who likes closing deals.” just after the release of the “Access Hol- AL DRAGO/THE NEW YORK TIMES For months, the halting union of Mr. lywood” video in which Mr. Trump From left, House Speaker Paul D. Ryan with President Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and Representative Peter T. King at the Capitol after a Friends of Ireland luncheon. Trump and Mr. Ryan has weathered a boasted of sexually assaulting women. stark divide in political ideology and But to admirers of Mr. Ryan, the mes- style — a mutual acknowledgment, at sage of the leak was unsubtle. least so far, that each man was critical to “An audience of one,” Charlie Sykes, the other’s outsize governing ambitions. the longtime Wisconsin radio host and Trump budget not party friendly But with the health care bill stagger- friend of Mr. Ryan’s, wrote on Twitter. ing through the House, its fate uncer- It is not yet clear if the criticisms of POLITICAL MEMO bring the deficit in line. The budget document represents a makers gave a big funding increase last tain, their alliance is facing an essential Mr. Ryan are resonating with Mr. WASHINGTON “This is a good budget if you want to broad-brush aspiration for Mr. Trump, year to help attack cancer and other dis- test, as White House officials and con- Trump. The president has been in regu- spend your time fighting small fires,” leaving it to the House and Senate ap- eases; community block grants, which gressional leaders stare down the lar contact with some Republican oppo- said former Senator Judd Gregg of New propriations committees to do all the help feed hungry children (a prospect of failing at their first major nents of the bill in Congress, such as His proposal makes cuts Hampshire, who as the Republican painful work, like finding a way to pay Democratic priority); and local law en- legislative effort. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky and chairman of the Senate Budget Commit- for a wall along the Mexican border that forcement (popular with Republicans); In less than two months, the party di- Representative Mark Meadows of that even Republicans tee spent years trying to rally lawmak- the White House wants. as well as pet programs like funding to visions that Mr. Trump exploited in his North Carolina, the chairman of the aren’t happy about ers to do the hard work to balance the But trying to pass appropriations bills care for the Great Lakes, which Mid- thundering campaign have resurfaced House Freedom Caucus. budget. “It’s a statement of policy, which with large cuts to popular domestic pro- western lawmakers have fought hard to And while Mr. Trump has suggested BY JENNIFER STEINHAUER is legitimate, that the government is too grams seems almost impossible in both maintain. that he will be able to blame Democrats big,” Mr. Gregg said. “As a practical mat- chambers, especially the Senate, lead- “The president proposes and Con- “I would say that there is no for installing the Affordable Care Act in After eight years of chafing under Presi- ter, it does not affect the big issues that ing Congress on another path to short- gress disposes,” said Representative intrigue, palace intrigue, the first place, some of his advisers are dent Barack Obama’s fiscal priorities, drive that.” term spending measures that Republi- Charlie Dent, a Republican appropriator divisions between the dubious. Mr. Trump has also told people congressional Republicans were long- Congress could have eliminated ev- cans have long wanted to escape. from Pennsylvania. “We can’t finance a principals.” that if this effort fails, he will try again in ing for a budget proposal that did the ery penny of domestic spending at its The Congressional Budget Office defense buildup entirely on the back of two years. two things that have become the party’s annual discretion this year, and it would foresees a federal deficit for the 2018 fis- domestic, nondefense spending. It’s not Christopher Ruddy, a friend of Mr. mantra: Make broad cuts to federal not have balanced the federal budget, cal year of $487 billion, rising steadily realistic and unfair.” in the health care fight, even as Republi- Trump’s and the chief executive of spending and reduce the federal deficit. according to Congressional Budget Of- Mr. Trump’s budget also shows little cans control the White House and Con- Newsmax Media, said the current plan Instead, President Trump sent them a fice projections, much less rid the nation regard for the political sensitivities of gress. betrays how the president has tradition- budget even many Republicans found of its nearly $20 trillion in government “We can’t finance a defense his party. His proposal to restart licens- Already, some allies of Mr. Trump are ally viewed government programs. difficult to love. debt — which Mr. Trump told voters he buildup entirely on the back of ing for a nuclear waste repository in moving to distance him from the poten- “Trump should trust his own in- To fulfill a campaign promise to leave could do easily in eight years. domestic, nondefense spending. Yucca Mountain, in Nevada, creates a tial fallout, privately suggesting that the stincts,” said Mr. Ruddy, who wrote a Social Security and Medicare — which It is precisely what conservatives It’s not realistic and unfair.” headache for Senator Dean Heller, a Re- speaker was never to be trusted in the column suggesting that Mr. Trump seek represent more than 40 percent of annu- have wanted to control. publican who is up for re-election in that first place. a bipartisan consensus bill. al federal spending — untouched while “The fact is that until the president state next year. His response was swift Administration officials were frus- The administration figure perhaps constructing an expensive border wall, and Congress are willing to address the from there until it reaches $1 trillion in and blunt. “As has been stated in the trated that there was not a better expla- the most invested in finding a legislative Mr. Trump went after a relatively small real drivers of our debt, Medicare and 2023. But that is driven all by an aging past, Yucca is dead, and this reckless nation of the three-phase approach de- fix is Reince Priebus, Mr. Trump’s chief pot of money, discretionary spending, Social Security, we will be complicit in population, rising health care costs and proposal will not revive it,” he said in a scribed by the House Republican lead- of staff, who is close to Mr. Ryan. goring Republicans’ pet programs in the shackling future generations with the fi- rising interest payments from the esca- statement. ership after the bill was unveiled, la- While in Detroit on Wednesday, Mr. process. nancial burden of our own lack of disci- lating debt. It even takes an ax to programs that menting the resulting confusion. Trump pointed to Mr. Priebus and said He does propose increasing military pline,” said Senator Bob Corker, Repub- Projected declines in discretionary are important to the Senate majority In recent days, Mr. Ryan has blitzed he “may one day run a car company or spending by 10 percent, something lican of Tennessee. “That is not a legacy spending under Mr. Trump’s plan would leader, Mitch McConnell, Republican of the news media, including several maybe not,” before adding that he was many conservatives would also like to I want to leave.” be more than swallowed by rising pay- Kentucky, by proposing cuts in funding Trump-leaning outlets often hostile to doing a “great job.” see, but he probably cannot unilaterally Mick Mulvaney, Mr. Trump’s budget ments to Social Security and Medicare for the Appalachian Regional Commis- the speaker, to make the case for the bill At a later event in Tennessee, after break through legal budget caps, im- director, who as a member of the House because the population ages 65 and old- sion and some air service that would more forcefully than the president has failing to mention the bill earlier in the posed after a battle in 2011 over raising was one of the biggest deficit hawks, er is expected to grow by 39 percent probably eliminate two airports in his seemed interested in doing himself. day, Mr. Trump promised to “repeal and the government’s statutory borrowing was confronted with the budget’s failure through 2027. In that time, spending on state. But Mr. Ryan has made clear that he replace horrible and disastrous Oba- limit known as the debt ceiling. to deal with the debt in a news confer- people 65 and older who receive Social Mr. McConnell on Thursday went in alone does not bear the weight of the macare,” repeatedly plugging the cur- Mr. Trump ran as a populist and ence with reporters on Thursday. Security, Medicare, Medicaid and mili- search of a silver lining. present challenge. rent legislation. stacked his cabinet like a conservative, “It’s a fair question,” he said. “I would tary and federal civilian retirement in- “I’m pleased to see an increased focus “It’s not my bill,” he told CNN, noting Mr. Ryan — who during the campaign yet he delivered a budget that in many just suggest to you it’s not the right time come will rise from 37 percent of federal on our national security and veterans that the White House had helped Con- called Mr. Trump’s attacks on a judge of respects is neither. The result is deeply for the question. The budget blueprint, spending in 2017 to 45 percent. budgets,” he said in a statement. “These gress draft it. “It’s our bill.” As if for em- Mexican heritage “the textbook defini- unsatisfying for many in his party, again, does not deal with the debt. It And many of his proposed cuts are at are positive steps in the right direction. I phasis, he also noted that he talks to the tion of a racist comment” — has scarcely which has been yearning for a unified even doesn’t even deal with the deficit. odds with congressional priorities. look forward to reviewing this and the president almost every day. said a cross word about him since the government to finally make major It is simply the first part of the appropri- His budget cuts spending for the Na- full budget when it is released later this For the president and the speaker, election. (He did allow on Thursday that changes to entitlement programs to ations process.” tional Institutes of Health, which law- spring.” passage of the bill is about more than the he had “seen no evidence” to support health care debate; it is a matter of dem- Mr. Trump’s claim that President onstrating that major legislation — with Barack Obama had wiretapped him.) the weight of the White House behind it The president’s assessment of Mr. — can sweep through a Republican Con- Ryan has vacillated at least as much. In gress. 2012, Mr. Trump thought Mr. Ryan was a Fiscal plan earmarks billions for border wall On Capitol Hill, Republicans are al- dangerous choice as Mitt Romney’s run- ready confronting concerns that a stum- ning mate, and he was deeply critical of WASHINGTON and Customs Enforcement personnel ble on the first major agenda item would the congressman’s budget proposals to next year. An additional $1.5 billion imperil future efforts on tax reform and trim entitlement programs. would pay to build new detention facili- a border wall. After Mr. Ryan distanced himself in ties for illegal immigrants and to fund “The legislative window closes a lot October, Mr. Trump savaged him as a Trump proposal also calls their removal from the United States. sooner than people imagine,” said Peter “weak and ineffective leader.” The budget also dedicates money for Wehner, a former director of the White But by December, the two had recon- for a hiring spree to help enacting a mandatory nationwide E- House Office of Strategic Initiatives un- ciled. At a rally together in Wisconsin, detain illegal immigrants Verify program for businesses to deter- der President George W. Bush, who has Mr. Trump compared Mr. Ryan to “a fine mine the eligibility of applicants to work known Mr. Ryan for two decades. “It’s wine” whose “genius” he had grown to BY NICHOLAS FANDOS in the country. open the first year, and you better get appreciate. Though Mr. Trump has proposed an things done. If you win, that builds on it- Then came the hedge: “Now, if he To secure the southern border of the overall increase of $2.8 billion, or 6.8 per- self. And if you lose, that builds on itself.” ever goes against me, I’m not going to United States — his top campaign prom- cent, to the Homeland Security budget, In an effort to appease conservatives, say that.” ise — President Trump next year is agencies within the department would the White House is warming to a seeking to hire 100 new government face cuts — including $667 million from shortening of the Medicaid phaseout pe- Jonathan Martin contributed reporting. lawyers, add 1,500 law enforcement offi- the Federal Emergency Management cials and spend more than $1 billion on Agency’s state and local grant pro- detention and deportation, according to grams, and $80 million from the Trans- the White House budget plan. portation Security Administration. The proposal released on Thursday, The New York Times recently re- which includes a $2 billion down pay- ported that Mr. Trump was also pursu- ment on Mr. Trump’s signature border JOHN MOORE/GETTY IMAGES ing steep reductions to the Coast wall, is one of the single largest invest- A Border Patrol agent in Roma, Tex., looking across the Rio Grande into Mexico. Presi- Guard’s budget, a move that would most ments in the president’s budget plan. dent Trump has proposed hiring 500 new Border Patrol agents next year. likely receive significant pushback in Yet experts say it appears only to Congress. scratch the surface of what Mr. Trump The budget released on Thursday has pledged, and highlights the diffi- based on the president’s proposals. tion of people who are in the United made no mention of the agency, howev- culty of translating campaign promises Democrats have pledged to fight States illegally. Programs and agencies er. into a workable, governing reality. tooth and nail against the wall and of all sizes from across the federal gov- Despite its size and scope, the pro- “It’s easy to promise things until you stepped-up immigration enforcement. ernment would face cuts to pay for the posal leaves unanswered how Mr. have to pay for them,” said Theresa Car- That means that funding is likely to plan. Trump would reach several of his most dinal Brown, the director of immigration come down to how much political capital The largest single chunk of money is prominently stated goals, including the policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center the Republican leadership on Capitol reserved for the border wall itself, one of wall’s prompt construction and the and a former senior official at the De- Hill is willing to spend on a project they Mr. Trump’s signature campaign prom- quick hiring of 5,000 additional Border partment of Homeland Security. “It is have tried to play down, despite Mr. ises that has deeply polarized American Patrol agents and 10,000 new Immigra- certainly an attempt to begin to carry Trump’s urgings. voters. The proposal calls for $2.6 billion tion and Customs Enforcement officers. out what he promised.” The changes will not come cheaply. to be spent on “tactical infrastructure” Senator Mitch McConnell, the major- Mr. Trump is proposing to pay for his If funded, Mr. Trump’s plan would and other security technology at the ity leader, has said he expects the wall to border security plan by marshaling spend billions of dollars on the design border, including money to plan, design cost between $12 billion and $15 billion. savings from across the federal govern- and construction of the wall. It would and begin building the wall. Other estimates put it significantly

GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ment. To what extent it is ultimately also prompt a hiring spree in the Justice An additional $314 million would go to- higher, meaning that the White House Speaker Paul D. Ryan at a news conference this month on the American Health Care funded will depend in large part on Con- and Homeland Security Departments to ward hiring and training 500 new Bor- would need to find billions of dollars Act, the Republicans’ replacement for the Affordable Care Act. gress, which makes spending decisions step up enforcement and the deporta- der Patrol agents and 1,000 Immigration more to make good on the pledge. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 7 world

U.S. colleges see dip in foreign applicants

BY STEPHANIE SAUL president for international affairs. Mr. Zaret said international applica- The president of Portland State Univer- tions to the masters program in busi- sity, Wim Wiewel, met recently with 10 ness were down 20 percent, and down 30 prospective students in Hyderabad, In- percent in both the master of law pro- dia. But what started as a get-ac- gram and at the School of Informatics quainted visit quickly turned into more and Computing. The university will not of a counseling session, as the students have problems filling the programs, but expressed fears about coming to the the drop might affect the overall quality United States this fall. of the applicant pool, he said. One student, who is Muslim, said his Ohio State has also seen an increase father was worried that America had an in international undergraduate applica- anti-Muslim attitude, Mr. Wiewel re- tions but a significant overall drop — 8.4 counted. “Several others said they were percent — in international applicants to concerned about the ‘Trump effect,’ ” he its graduate programs, a university said in an email. spokesman, Chris Davey, said. The big- “I’d say the rhetoric and actual execu- gest decline was among students from tive orders are definitely having a chill- China — a fact Mr. Davey said did not ing effect,” Mr. Wiewel wrote, referring support the “Trump effect” theory. In to the Trump administration’s travel 2016, he said, there were 2,412 graduate ban. applications from China; this year the Like many universities across the number was down to 1,952. country, the Oregon university is getting “We’re inclined to say that the overar- fewer international applications. ching factors that might be influencing Nearly 40 percent of colleges are re- this are probably global economic fac- porting overall declines in applications tors, and it would be premature to con- from international students, according clude that it’s the travel ban,” Mr. Davey to a survey of 250 college and universi- said. “But it certainly could be.” ties, released this past week by the Because application deadlines at sev- American Association of Collegiate Reg- eral larger colleges had passed before istrars and Admissions Officers. The Mr. Trump’s travel ban was announced, biggest decline is in applications from some universities are more worried the Middle East. Many officials cited about the “yield” — the number of stu- worries among prospective students dents offered admission who end up en- about Trump administration immigra- rolling, said Frances Leslie, vice provost tion policies. “International student re- for the graduate division at the Univer- cruitment professionals report a great sity of California, Irvine. deal of concern from students all over Applications at Irvine are not down, the globe,” the study said. but students have expressed concern On Wednesday, the federal judge in about coming to the United States, Ms. Hawaii who blocked the latest version of Leslie said. “We’re hearing from stu- the administration’s travel ban cited the dents, even beyond the seven countries, financial harm the executive order expressing concern,” she said, referring posed to the state’s university system, LEAH NASH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES to Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, which recruits students and hires fac- At Portland State University in Oregon, Fatima Alkharaz, a Libyan, talked with a fellow student, John Gorgan. International graduate applications are down 15 percent at the school. Syria and Yemen, which were singled ulty members from the six target coun- out in the first travel ban. “This year, tries. (Washington State officials raised even when students are admitted, they similar concerns in successfully chal- one million students last year. abad not long after residents of the city currency shortage. Other economic fac- ate programs, and it came on the heels of may not be willing to accept the offers.” lenging the first travel ban.) Still, despite the steady increase, the held a funeral for a young Indian man tors may also be involved in the applica- Mr. Trump’s virulently anti-immigrant The university will not have those Graduate schools appear to be feeling movement of students from one country who was killed in a bar in Olathe, Kan., tion declines, Ms. Ortega said, including rhetoric during the campaign. numbers until April 15, a national dead- the worst pinch, with nearly half report- to another is sensitive to fluctuations where he worked as an engineer. The crude oil prices in Saudi Arabia. Slumping graduate school applica- line for students to make a decision. ing drops. “Our deans describe it as a tied to political and economic forces. So shooting is being investigated as a hate Also at play: uncertainty about the fu- tions can now be seen at universities At Portland State, where undergradu- chilling effect,” said Suzanne Ortega, some officials cautioned that a “Trump crime. ture of a visa program called H-1B that ranging from giant Big Ten public uni- ate international applications are up 4 president of the Council of Graduate effect” is just one possible explanation Mr. Wiewel reassured the students — international graduates frequently rely versities like Ohio State and Indiana percent but international graduate ap- Schools. for this year’s application figures. Be- all admitted to Portland State’s gradu- on to remain in the United States to University to regional programs such as plications are down 15 percent, the vice The numbers — while not yet final — yond that, many schools, including New ate engineering program — that his uni- work. Portland State, with just over 27,000 stu- provost for international affairs, Mar- are provoking anxiety in some pro- York University, the University of versity’s environment was safe and wel- For several graduate schools, the dents, including more than 1,900 inter- garet Everett, said she had heard re- grams that rely on international stu- Southern California and Northeastern coming. He was a bit surprised by their Trump administration’s travel ban, national students. cently from a Chinese student who can- dents, who bring more than $32 billion a University, reported that their interna- concerns, he said, because students he which initially affected seven predomi- At Indiana University, international celed his application, citing the political year into the United States economy. In- tional numbers are up. Purdue Univer- visited earlier in New Delhi and Banga- nantly Muslim countries, could not have applications for undergraduate pro- climate. “Obviously we’re concerned ternational enrollment at American col- sity reported a 1.2 percent decline in lore, India, had been more anxious been more poorly timed. It was an- grams increased 6 percent, but gradu- about the climate and the rhetoric and leges has been on the rise over the past graduate school applications. about financing their graduate studies, nounced in late January as deadlines ate applications for some programs are the administration policies and travel decade, and for the first time exceeded Mr. Wiewel made his trip to Hyder- apparently a reaction to India’s recent loomed for applications to some gradu- posting big drops, said David Zaret, vice ban,” Ms. Everett said. Campaign vow haunts Trump

WASHINGTON urged the judges to ignore Mr. Trump’s tablishment clause. campaign speeches. “Candidates are Courts have only rarely used state- not government actors, and statements ments from candidates to judge the of what they might attempt to achieve if constitutionality of government ac- Judges took into account elected, which are often simplified and tions. In 2003, the United States Court imprecise, are not official acts,” the gov- of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, in Atlan- statements he made on ernment said in a brief in the Maryland ta, took account of campaign materials barring entry to Muslims case. “They generally are made without from Chief Justice Roy S. Moore of the the benefit of advice from an as-yet-un- Alabama Supreme Court to judge his BY ADAM LIPTAK formed administration, and cannot bind actions concerning a Ten Command- elected officials who later conclude that ments monument in his courthouse. In quick succession, federal judges in a different course is warranted.” In the context of immigration and ef- Hawaii and Maryland blocked Presi- But Judge Derrick K. Watson, of the forts to combat terror, the Supreme dent Trump’s revised travel ban. They Federal District Court in Hawaii, said he Court has been reluctant to look be- said statements Mr. Trump had made as could not dismiss Mr. Trump’s blunt talk. hind official actions to root out authen- a presidential candidate, including his “A review of the historical background tic motives. In 2006, in a case concern- call for “a total and complete shutdown here makes plain why the government ing detainees at Guantánamo Bay, of Muslims entering the United States,” wishes to focus on the executive order’s Cuba, Justice John Paul Stevens criti- helped doom the executive order. text, rather than its context,” Judge Wat- cized a dissenting justice for relying on The judges said this past week that son wrote. “The record before this court “press statements” from sitting De- Mr. Trump’s promises to impose a “Mus- is unique. It includes significant and un- fense Department officials. “We have lim ban” were too telling and categorical rebutted evidence of religious animus not heretofore, in evaluating the legal- to be ignored. “Simply because a deci- driving the promulgation of the execu- ity of executive action, deferred to sion maker made the statements during tive order.” comments made by such officials to a campaign does not wipe them” from The courts had to navigate two bodies the media,” Justice Stevens wrote. If judicial memory, wrote Judge Theodore of precedents, pointing in different di- even statements from government of- D. Chuang of Federal District Court in rections. In cases concerning immigra- ficials are out of bounds, it would fol- Maryland. tion and national security, most deci- low that statement from political can- Outside the context of Mr. Trump’s sions suggest that courts should not didates should carry no weight. two travel bans, few judicial rulings look behind the stated government ra- In a 1972 immigration case concern- have addressed how much weight tionale. ing a Marxist scholar denied a visa, the courts may put on statements from po- Viewed in isolation, Judge Watson Supreme Court said it would not “look litical candidates. Even informal re- wrote on Wednesday, the new order was behind” the government’s “facially le- marks from sitting government officials just fine. “It is undisputed that the exec- gitimate and bona fide reason.” are often ignored by courts, which can utive order does not facially discrimi- More recently, in a 5-to-4 decision in be reluctant to conduct what the United nate for or against any particular reli- 2015 with no majority opinion, the Su- States Supreme Court has called “judi- gion, or for or against religion versus preme Court refused to second-guess cial psychoanalysis.” nonreligion,” he wrote. “There is no ex- the denial of a visa on national security But decisions about religious dis- press reference, for instance, to any reli- grounds to the Afghan husband of an crimination allow courts to consider gion nor does the executive order — un- American woman. In a concurrence, government officials’ real purposes, like its predecessor — contain any term Justice Anthony M. Kennedy said it even if their stated ones are neutral. or phrase that can be reasonably char- might be proper to look behind the of- The Supreme Court has said judges acterized as having a religious origin or fered reason for the denial if there was may not turn a blind eye to the context in connotation.” evidence that consular officers had which government policies on religion The problem, the judge said, was that acted in bad faith. arose. “Reasonable observers have rea- Mr. Trump and his surrogates had made On Wednesday, in a dissent in the sonable memories,” Justice David H. plain what the order meant to achieve: Ninth Circuit, five judges said the 1972 Souter wrote in a leading religion case. discrimination on the basis of religion in decision should have been the end of Justice Department lawyers had violation of the First Amendment’s es- the matter in a challenge to Mr. Trump’s first executive order. “Even if we have questions about the basis for the president’s ultimate findings — whether it was a ‘Muslim ban’ or something else — we do not get to peek behind the curtain,” Judge Jay S. By- bee wrote for the dissenters. But the Supreme Court has been more willing to explore officials’ mo- tives in cases concerning religion. In 2005, in a case concerning copies of the Ten Commandments posted in Ken- tucky county courthouses, the Su- preme Court said it would consider the context and background of the policies that had led to their display. Examination of officials’ actual pur- poses was appropriate, Justice Souter wrote for the majority, “where an un- derstanding of official objective emerges from readily discoverable Palais Brongniart From 12 p.m. to 8 p.m. fact, without any judicial psychoanaly- Place de la Bourse – Paris Late night view: March 23rd KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES sis of a drafter’s heart of hearts.” Demonstrating against Donald J. Trump, then a presidential candidate, in December “The world is not made brand new www.salondudessin.com until 10 p.m. 2015. Judges said Mr. Trump’s promises at the time to bar Muslims could not be ignored. every morning,” Justice Souter wrote. .. 8 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION Business Hacker is villain in U.S. and Russia

MOSCOW ders from anonymous clients to crash websites and steal passwords. “I always believed that information should be free,” he told the newspaper. Cybercriminal and spy: He also said carding, the online theft of credit card numbers, was the most prof- Indicted ex-security officer itable activity for Russian hackers, up to is a focus of tension $30,000 a month, but was “the most dan- gerous cybercrime, punished merci- BY ANDREW E. KRAMER lessly.” Vitali Kremez, director of research at Before United States prosecutors ac- Flashpoint, a cybersecurity company in cused Dmitry Aleksandrovich New York that monitors underground Dokuchaev of having orchestrated one hacking forums, said that until a few of the largest computer thefts, his legal years ago, Mr. Dokuchaev had been ac- problems were deepening in Russia, tively involved in the world of stolen where he was once known by the hacker credit cards. alias Forb and specialized in purloining In January, RBC, a Russian newspa- credit card numbers. per, reported that Mr. Dokuchaev’s pros- Mr. Dokuchaev, a stocky 33-year-old ecution for credit card fraud had been who appears on an F.B.I. “wanted” post- averted when he agreed to work for the er wearing a blue suit and with a mop of F.S.B. sandy hair, is emerging as a central fig- The evolution of a hacker into an ure in fraught relations between the F.S.B. officer was all but an open secret United States and Russia on cyber- in Moscow. Until at least 2011, Mr. security issues. Dokuchaev was an editor of a Russian Those relations went into a deep chill magazine titled Hacker, and he edited a in December, when the Obama adminis- section known as “Breaking In” under tration accused Russian intelligence the byline Dmitry “Forb” Dokuchaev. agencies of having meddled in the 2016 By 2010, Mr. Dokuchaev was already election by hacking computers of the working for the F.S.B.’s Center for Infor- Democratic National Committee to help mation Security and aiding the prosecu- Donald J. Trump win. tion of hackers accused of crashing the Mr. Dokuchaev, a hacker-turned-se- online payment system of Aeroflot air- curity-officer in Russia, is a villain in the lines, according to Mr. Vrublevsky, who MAURO PIMENTEL/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES narratives of both countries about this was a defendant in that case. A bank vandalized during a strike against a social welfare reform bill in Rio de Janeiro. Some investors might be wary as a result of recent economic and political upheaval. conflict, for different reasons. At the time, Russia was under di- The Russians have accused him of be- coming a double agent for the United States. The American authorities say he doubled as a cybercriminal while work- ing for Russia’s Federal Security Serv- A trickle of I.P.O.s in parched Brazil ice, or F.S.B., the main security and intel- ligence agency in the country. RIO DE JANEIRO to slightly lower its price, and another percent last year, and shrank by 3.8 per- companies to raise approximately 25 Mr. Dokuchaev, who was arrested company, Unidas, which is in the same cent in 2015. billion reais (about $8.1 billion) in equity four months ago in Russia, is accused of industry, had to scrap its I.P.O. plans last The combination of the country’s offerings on the São Paulo exchange. treason, punishable by 20 years’ im- month, that is the most money raised worst economic recession in decades Uncertainty still looms, however, ac- prisonment, on suspicion of having Investors return to market over the same period since 2011, accord- and a huge corruption scandal created counting for the cautious optimism. passed information to the United States. after years of political ing to the data firm Dealogic. conditions for the impeachment of Pres- While the São Paulo market surged While the precise nature of that infor- Brazil, once considered among the ident Dilma Rousseff in 2016, even last year, the real economy has still mation is unclear, signs have emerged F.B.I., VIA REUTERS and economic upheaval hottest growth markets, has not yet left though she was not accused of personal lagged far behind. Most growth esti- that it may be related, at least indirectly, Dmitry Dokuchaev is one of the two F.S.B. behind its recent economic and political enrichment, unlike many of the poli- mates for this year are under 1 percent. to the American accusations of electoral officers charged in the Yahoo case. BY VINOD SREEHARSHA upheaval. But the finance sector is start- ticians who led the effort to oust her. Brazil’s most recent unemployment hacking. ing to show some optimism. Investment Brazil’s Senate convicted her of vio- rate, measured over a three-month peri- On Wednesday, federal prosecutors in The three-year drought of initial public bankers say they are seeing better op- lating budgetary laws. od ending in January, rose to 12.6 per- Washington and San Francisco an- plomatic pressure from the United offerings in Brazil is finally starting to portunities and greater appetite from The impeachment remains contro- cent, up from 9.5 percent one year ago. nounced an indictment identifying Mr. States and Canada to prosecute Mr. dissipate, giving hope to investors from foreign investors. The executives are versial and the motives dubious, and Real wages continue to fall. Dokuchaev as one of the defendants in Vrublevsky on an unrelated charge of São Paulo to New York and Boston. still cautious, but they say they are more President Michel Temer, who took over Some believe this may worsen. “The the theft of half a billion Yahoo accounts. selling counterfeit Viagra pills to Ameri- Some expect that more than a dozen hopeful compared with past years. for Ms. Rousseff after helping engineer labor market is likely to deteriorate fur- “He’s a guy without many options,” cans through websites. Mr. Vrublevsky deals will be filed by the end of the year. Renato Ejnisman, the managing di- her fall, is highly unpopular. Yet the fi- ther as the economy is yet to show signs said Pavel Vrublevsky, a computer en- has denied ties to that scheme. Among them is the trading debut of rector of Banco Bradesco BBI, the in- nance sector credits his government of minimal positive growth,” Alberto Ra- trepreneur and owner of an online pay- In the indictment unsealed on XP Investimentos, a 15-year-old finan- vestment bank arm of Banco Bradesco, with some changes. mos of Goldman Sachs wrote in a re- ment processing company in Russia Wednesday, the United States authori- cial services firm backed by the Ameri- said more than 10 companies were con- Inflation has fallen, and Brazil’s cur- search note last month. who was investigated in 2011 by Mr. ties indicated that Mr. Dokuchaev’s can private equity firm General Atlan- sidering stock offerings this year. More- Moreover, any enduring progress in Dokuchaev when he worked as an F.S.B. group also had dabbled in spam market- tic. XP Investimentos has hired JPMor- over, they come from diverse sectors in- Brazil’s fiscal health depends on major officer. ing for erectile dysfunction drugs. gan Chase and is looking to go public by cluding consumer goods, infrastructure The next several months reform of its pension or social security The Kremlin on Thursday denied ties The American indictment contains no the end of July. In addition, the dental and utilities. “We have not had such a will determine how much system. Until some of these uncertain- to criminal hacking. “We have repeat- indication that Mr. Dokuchaev played and health care insurer Grupo No- level of activity in the last four years,” optimism in the finance ties are resolved, investors might be edly stated that there can be absolutely any role in Russian electoral hacking. treDame Intermédica, owned by Bain Mr. Ejnisman said. sector is warranted. wary of overexposing themselves to the no question of any official agency, in- But it identified him as having overseen Capital, recently picked Morgan Stanley Others share that sentiment. Brazilian market. cluding the F.S.B., in any unlawful ac- the work of one of three others named in to work on a possible I.P.O. this year. Roderick Greenlees, global head of in- “I don’t think that most foreign tions in cyberspace,” said Dmitri S. the indictment, a suspected cybercrimi- Companies that had to cancel or post- vestment banking at Itaú BBA, estimat- rency has gained value relative to oth- investors will start diverting a large Peskov, the Kremlin spokesman. nal, Alexsey Belan, whom the Obama pone past attempts are giving it another ed that 10 to 15 I.P.O.s could be held in ers. The Central Bank lowered its bench- chunk of their resources into Brazil until Mr. Dokuchaev was arrested in De- administration had sanctioned in De- go as well. Brazil this year. mark interest rate multiple times over we have the social security reform ap- cember along with another officer in the cember after the United States intelli- On Thursday, the Brazilian e-com- If that prediction is correct, the num- the past several months. proved and especially until we start Center for Information Security, the cy- gence agencies concluded Russia had merce company Netshoes, which is 37.8 ber of offerings this year will dwarf that The activity means more business for showing some growth in G.D.P.,” said berintelligence wing of the F.S.B. The tried to meddle in the election. percent owned by Tiger Global Manage- of the previous three years, when there investment banks in the region. In Janu- Mr. Ejnisman of Banco Bradesco BBI. Russian authorities have offered no de- Mr. Vrublevsky said he believed the ment and first considered an I.P.O. over was only one I.P.O. a year. It would be on ary and February, JPMorgan was in- The corruption investigation, now tails of the charges, but Novaya Gazeta, treason arrests that halted Mr. four years ago, filed with the Securities par with 2010 and 2011, each of which had volved in four equity offerings in Latin starting its fourth year, has Brazil’s po- a Russian newspaper, reported they had Dokuchaev’s career had been related to and Exchange Commission to be listed 11 I.P.O.s. Since 2010, the best year was America, two of them in Brazil. In those, litical class on edge. “The biggest do- been arrested in an investigation into the Aeroflot case and other events pre- on the New York Stock Exchange. Gold- 2013, which had 13. The deal activity is it raised $2.7 billion with over $12 billion mestic risk is the political scenario,” said leaks that had led the F.B.I. to Russian dating the presidential election. man Sachs, JPMorgan, Bradesco BBI, not off the charts, however. in demand, Ms. Moraes said. Mr. Greenlees of Itaú BBA. servers linked to electoral hacking. Amid diplomatic pressure from the Allen & Company and Jefferies are the “We’re still in a selective market,” Mr. The next several months will deter- Ms. Moraes of JPMorgan said one of Regardless of the details, the Russian United States and Canada to shut down underwriters. Ejnisman said. mine how much optimism is warranted. her biggest concerns was “the political and American cases portend a bleak fu- the Viagra scheme, Mr. Vrublevsky said, Azul, a Brazilian airline started by The thaw is partly because of JPMorgan is leading a group of banks volatility in Brazil, which could delay in- ture for Mr. Dokuchaev, whose career Mr. Dokuchaev and a colleague had JetBlue’s founder, once again filed for an investors’ pent-up demand after a peri- on the anticipated 4 billion reais ($1.3 bil- vestment decisions.” encapsulates ties between criminal passed information about Russian hack- I.P.O. in February after abandoning two od of economic downturn. “The market lion) stock debut for XP Investimentos. Still, she and others said recent devel- hackers and the security services in ers to the United States, later deemed previous attempts. has been starving for equity for so long,” It is expected to start its presentations opments offered reasons to be hopeful, post-Soviet Russia. treasonous. Two other companies have already said Patricia Moraes, the head of bank- for potential investors in May. in particular the return of foreign By his own account, he once went by The information included data on pay- debuted: the car rental company ing in Brazil for JPMorgan, who, like the The offering by Grupo NotreDame In- investors to recent stock offerings. the hacker nickname Forb. According to ments through WebMoney, a Russian Movida and the health care company In- other bankers quoted in this article, termédica will also be closely watched. “Now it’s a more balanced demand,” a 2004 interview he gave to Vedomosti, a version of PayPal, used later by Ameri- stituto Hermes Pardini, raising a com- would speak only about the state of the Edemir Pinto, president of BM&F- said Mr. Greenlees. “We’ve seen some Russian newspaper, Mr. Dokuchaev, can law enforcement investigators to bined $425 million for the year through market and not about any specific I.P.O. Bovespa, said in February that by the respectable foreign investors that were then 20, worked from home in the pro- follow the trail to Russian hackers, Mr. this past Tuesday. Though Movida had Brazil’s economy contracted by 3.6 end of the year, he expected about 17 not in the market last year come back.” vincial city of Yekaterinburg, taking or- Vrublevsky said.

Est. A bit of grammatical pedantry with a $10 million cost 1926 Does the law intend to exempt the dis- +41 44 202 76 10 [email protected] Decision in overtime suit tribution of the three categories that fol- low, or does it mean to exempt packing hinges on what lack of a for the shipping or distribution of them? renewable Tax Free & Paid registration on Swiss plates comma signifies in statute Delivery drivers distribute perish- We also register cars with expired or foreign plates able foods, but they don’t pack the boxes BY DANIEL VICTOR themselves. Whether the drivers were TAX FREE & TAX PAID - NEW & USED subject to a law that had denied them A class-action lawsuit about overtime thousands of dollars a year depended pay for truck drivers hinged entirely on entirely on how the sentence was read. Expats services a debate that has bitterly divided Had there been a comma after “ship- Homologation services friends, families and foes: The dreaded ment,” it might have been clear that the International sales — or totally necessary — Oxford law exempted the distribution of perish-

Diplomatic sales comma, perhaps the most polarizing of able foods. But the appeals court on punctuation marks. Monday sided with the drivers, saying What ensued in the United States the absence of a comma produced Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, enough uncertainty to rule in their favor. The world's most and in a 29-page court decision handed It reversed a lower court decision. down on Monday, was an exercise in In other words: Oxford comma trusted perspective. high-stakes grammar pedantry that defenders won this round. could cost a dairy company in Portland, “That comma would have sunk our Me., an estimated $10 million. PAT WELLENBACH/ASSOCIATED PRESS ship,” David G. Webbert, a lawyer who In 2014, three truck drivers sued The legal debate over the absence of a comma in the wording of a state law could cost represented the drivers, said in an inter- Get unlimited digital access Oakhurst Dairy, seeking more than four Oakhurst Dairy millions of dollars for four years’ worth of overtime pay. view on Wednesday. years’ worth of overtime pay that they The language in the law followed to The New York Times. had been denied. guidelines in the Maine Legislative Maine law requires workers to be paid potatoes, and some would leave it out. A state law, which says overtime rules do Drafting Manual, which instructs law- Save 50%. 1.5 times their normal rate for each hour lot of people feel very, very strongly not apply to: makers not to use the Oxford comma. worked after 40 hours, but it carves out about it. The canning, processing, preserving, Don’t write “trailers, semitrailers, and exemptions. The debate over commas is often a freezing, drying, marketing, storing, pole trailers,” it says — instead, write A quick punctuation lesson before we pretty inconsequential one, but it was packing for shipment or distribution of: “trailers, semitrailers and pole trailers.” nytimes.com/globaloffer proceed: In a list of three or more items anything but for the truck drivers. Note (1) Agricultural produce; The manual does clarify that caution — like “beans, potatoes and rice” — the lack of Oxford comma — also known (2) Meat and fish products; and should be taken if an item in the series is some people would put a comma after as the serial comma — in the following (3) Perishable foods. COMMA, PAGE 9 .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 9 business

Change in style ahead for Givenchy ateliers, I am convinced Clare will help Clare Waight Keller Givenchy reach its full potential.” Though Ms. Waight Keller, who began to be first woman running her career working at Calvin Klein in brand’s creative side New York and with Tom Ford at Gucci, was also in charge of men’s wear at BY VANESSA FRIEDMAN Pringle, she has never worked with an haute couture atelier before. Givenchy Is Audrey Hepburn making a return to suspended its formal couture shows in the house of Givenchy? 2012, first holding static presentations of On Thursday, the French brand the collection instead, and more re- named Clare Waight Keller as its artistic cently incorporating some couture looks director, responsible for women’s and into its men’s wear shows in January men’s wear, accessories and couture. and June. But the fact that Ms. Waight She will be the first woman to run the Keller has been specifically given re- creative side of the house founded by sponsibility for the highest form of fash- Hubert de Givenchy in 1952. ion’s art suggests that a return to a more The announcement opens a new stage formal couture offering may be in the fu- in this year’s game of fashion musical ture. chairs, and it is a potentially significant It also suggests that the idea was false change, both for Givenchy and its in- that Ms. Waight Keller, who has three coming designer. children and has recently moved her The news came less than two months family to London from Paris, was taking after Ms. Waight Keller, a British de- time off after Chloé because of the pres- signer, officially resigned from Chloé — sures of today’s fashion cycle. Her re- which is owned by Compagnie Finan- sponsibilities at Givenchy, after all, will cière Richemont and which announced be significantly greater than her respon- last week that its new creative director sibilities at Chloé: She will be oversee- was Natacha Ramsey-Levi. Ms. Ram- ing at least eight collections a year, as sey-Levi had been creative director of opposed to four. women’s ready-to-wear at Louis Vuit- LVMH does not break down the per- ton, a brand that, like Givenchy, is formance of individual brands in its fi- owned by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis nancial results, but the Givenchy annual Vuitton. sales revenue is believed to be to around PHOTOGRAPHS BY IVAN PIERRE AGUIRRE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES “I am very happy to have Clare 500 million euros, or more than $530 mil- Clockwise from top left, Francisca Hervis Reyes in her room in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, where her family shares a lone bed, sleeping sideways to maximize space; her husband, Waight Keller join the LVMH group,” lion,) and there are 72 free-standing Jose Armando Mendez, in their backyard; Ms. Reyes cleaning dishes, surrounded by her grandchildren; and factory workers producing mannequins at a manufacturing plant. said Bernard Arnault, chairman of stores worldwide. In January, LVMH re- LVMH, in announcing the news, which ported revenue of €37.6 billion in 2016, an was released simultaneously on Insta- increase of 5 percent, beating expecta- gram, Facebook, Twitter, WeChat and tions because of strong sales in the Weibo. “I believe her widespread exper- United States and Europe, and a pickup tise and vision will allow Givenchy to en- in demand in Asia. As Fed acts, developing nations suffer ter the next phase of its unique path.” Along with the move of Raf Simons to What that next phase is remains to be Calvin Klein from Christian Dior, the FED, FROM PAGE 1 Mr. Trump threatens to renegotiate the formidable powers to support the value mall stores has begun to slow. seen, but the choice of Ms. Waight Kel- switch by Ms. Waight Keller should put capital and selling off other currencies. North American Free Trade Agreement. of its currency. It is sitting on some $3 “We used to do a lot better,” she said. ler, rumored during the recent Paris to rest the recent theory that designers Across China, hundreds of millions of China swiftly reacted to the Fed’s action trillion in foreign exchange reserves, Fashion Week, suggests the answer is are rebelling against the relentless de- people who have plowed their savings with its own interest-rate increase on money it can use to buy its currency in HUNKERING DOWN not more of the same. mands of the system by dropping out. into real estate are vulnerable if too Thursday. world markets. In Mexico, Francisca Hervis Reyes has Givenchy’s previous artistic director, Perhaps most significantly of all, much money washes out at once and Within the investing world, the peso But supporting China’s currency, the no way to cut her own costs, beyond Riccardo Tisci, left the brand in Febru- though, her appointment at the helm of housing prices drop. functions as a proxy for all developing renminbi, entails tightly controlling who putting less food on the table. ary after 12 years. He was responsible one of LVMH’s signature brands is fur- In Malaysia, businesses struggle with countries — the thing to bet against can take money out of the country, an ap- Born in southern Mexico, where her for transforming it from the house de- ther indication that the largest luxury higher costs for items priced in dollars when sentiments go negative. “It’s kind proach that stifles business. In Novem- parents were farmers, she headed north fined largely by the relationship be- group in the world is increasingly fo- as the local currency falls. In Mexico, of the first port of call for anyone who ber, the government decreed that over- nearly three decades ago, to the Mexi- tween Mr. de Givenchy and Ms. Hep- cused on the talents of women designers families are buffeted by a volatile cur- thinks something bad is going to happen seas transfers of $5 million or more re- can side of the Rio Grande, in a reach for burn, his greatest muse, to a house the and on changing a historical pattern rency that was already flagging on to emerging markets,” said Mark Weis- quired vetting by regulators. upward mobility. The borderlands were Kardashians loved, with all the Gothic that has seen most large brands with threats from President Trump to tax brot, a director of the Center for Eco- “Money in China cannot get out with- buzzing with factories known as hard-edge pop-culture buzz that sug- significant women’s wear profiles run goods coming over the border. nomic and Policy Research in Washing- out going through a lot of hoops,” said maquiladoras — plants that assemble gests. Mr. Tisci also made it a social me- by male creatives. (In June, Christian “Every time the peso goes down, we ton. “Mexico is vulnerable.” Zhu Ning, an economist at Tsinghua components for American manufactur- dia force. Dior, the structural owner of LVMH, can afford less and less,” Ms. Reyes said University. ing operations. Soon, Nafta would fertil- By contrast, there is nothing hard- named Maria Grazia Chiuri as artistic on a recent evening, as pale desert light BARRICADING THE EXITS ize more. edge about Ms. Waight Keller, 46, a low- director.) gave way to chilly darkness. “We’re Chinese leaders have long nursed fears WHAT COULD GO WRONG Ms. Reyes, 47, began making uphol- key personality often pictured peeking In her new role — like Phoebe Philo, thinking about going back to Veracruz. about an uncontrolled exodus of cash. A year ago, the lights were burning stery for car seats. Her wages pur- out from under her long brown hair, the creative director of Céline, another People are leaving the factories and go- A currency plunge would increase brightly for Vivy Yusof, a prominent Ma- chased fresh fruit and meat. She hired a hands tucked into trouser pockets. As a LVMH brand (who, when she was cre- ing back to their towns.” prices for Chinese consumers, generat- laysian entrepreneur. So brightly that, nanny to look after her three daughters. designer, she has seemed content to let ative director of Chloé, became the first The Fed forces can be traumatic, es- ing public anger. It could pop the real es- on an episode of her reality show, she These days, she makes auto parts that her brands be the stars, and her work, designer to ever take a formal maternity pecially in less affluent places. tate bubbles that have developed in joked, “I’m Kim Kardashian.” go into transmissions, earning 162 pesos both at Chloé and in her former position leave) — Ms. Waight Keller will move As the financial crisis unfolded in many Chinese cities. That would stick Ms. Yusof is at once a symbol of what per day, or about $8.40. Her husband as designer of Pringle of Scotland, was between London and Paris, where the 2008, the central bank took extraordi- China’s banks with billions in losses has gone economically right in Malaysia earns 149 pesos per day — about $7.75 — marked by a soft-focus, accessible ele- Givenchy atelier is based. nary measures to keep credit flowing. while eliminating wealth for masses of and, with the Fed now raising rates, how making fuses for electrical boxes. gance with a tailored line. Think of it as It may seem astonishing, but the idea The result was a surge of investment in people who have come to see real estate much could go wrong. But as the peso has surrendered slouchy chic. that a designer would not have to choose emerging markets. as their ticket to enrichment. She is part of a group of tech-savvy roughly one-fourth of its value over the Indeed, the statement by Philippe between having a power position and a More than $259 billion poured into de- Allen Zhang, an electrician who business leaders who have emerged as last five years, their living standard has Fortunato, chief executive of Givenchy, family life is a relatively new look in the veloping countries the next year, ac- works at a coal mine in the mountains of Malaysia tries to evolve beyond its tra- deteriorated. Throughout Mexico, the seemed to suggest a return to the fashion world. cording to the Institute of International central China, lives in a modest house on ditional dependence on selling commod- weak peso has been lifting prices for ev- brand’s roots. Ms. Waight Keller officially begins Finance, a trade association. From 2010 the edge of Jincheng, a gritty city whose ities like palm oil and petroleum. erything from cars to cooking gas to “I am very excited to see Clare bring work May 2. Her first show for Givenchy to 2015, the annual capital flows to those population has roughly quadrupled over Economic growth has been flagging, a tortillas. her singular sense of elegance and mo- will take place during Paris Fashion places averaged $328 billion. the last quarter-century, to about reality playing out across Southeast As of February, prices were rising at dernity to Givenchy,” he said. “By ex- Week in October. In spring 2013, the Fed surprised mar- 500,000. Asia as the region adjusts to China’s an annualized pace of nearly 5 percent, ploring our maison’s 65-year heritage Mr. Tisci’s next move has not yet been kets with plans to slow its stimulus ef- Mr. Zhang has sought to supplement slowdown. China is not buying commod- Mexico’s highest rate of inflation in sev- and the outstanding savoir-faire of its announced. forts. Investors then stampeded out of his $290-a-month pay by satisfying new ities like it used to. en years. emerging countries, sending currencies demand for housing. He has tapped into Malaysia faces potential political in- Mexico’s central bank has been stead- plunging in Brazil, India, Indonesia, his savings and used his handyman stability, as Prime Minister Najib Razak ily lifting rates to protect its currency in South Africa and Turkey. The episode skills to add six rooms to his family confronts accusations that people close the face of a possible trade war with the became known as “the taper tantrum.” home, renting the new quarters out to to him harvested $1 billion from a state United States. With the Fed adding pres- “The effect of interest rate increases factory workers. investment fund he oversaw. He denies sure, many analysts expect Mexico’s on emerging countries is surprisingly A buyer recently offered $350,000 for wrongdoing. central bank to deliver a fresh rate in- strong,” said Gary Clyde Hufbauer, an the house — a sum equivalent to what Even before the Fed’s move, global crease this month. international trade expert at the Peter- Mr. Zhang would earn in the mines over investors were fleeing. Foreigners once Chicken, beef, milk and vegetables son Institute for International Econom- a century. He turned it down. owned more than half of Malaysia’s local have all risen in price, with many of ics. “It’s a big thing.” “I want more,” he said. bonds, but have sold off 17 percent of these items imported from the United Most economists assume the rate in- These are the expectations con- their holdings since August. States. Ms. Reyes’s family subsists creases expected this year will play out fronting Chinese officials as the Fed Malaysia’s currency, the ringgit, has mainly on beans and pasta. far less dramatically. The Fed has tele- makes it more difficult to keep money in- lost 8 percent against the dollar in the She pointed toward a bodega across a graphed its plans, giving investors time side the country. last year. For Malaysia’s consumers — patch of gravel from her house. to prepare. Many emerging countries During the 1990s, China ignored lec- and for companies that serve them — “Eggs are twice the price they were have amassed larger reserves of dollars, tures from Washington on the merits of imports are getting more expensive. six months ago,” she said. “We’ve been giving them ammunition against a drop opening up capital markets. When the Ms. Yusof sells hijabs and other cloth- buying less.” in their currencies. Asian financial crisis arrived in the late ing, catering to cosmopolitan Muslims Still, some countries are already 1990s and investors pulled money out of with a taste for distinctive patterns. Peter S. Goodman reported from Ciudad showing strains. the region, many economies were Some of her garments are made in Juárez, Keith Bradsher from Beijing and Turkey’s currency has dropped about leveled. China suffered little, claiming China. When the dollar rises, her profit Neil Gough from Kuala Lumpur, Ma- VALERIO MEZZANOTTI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES 25 percent against the dollar since May. vindication. margins are squeezed. And though on- laysia. Safak Timur contributed report- Clare Waight Keller resigned from Chloé less than two months ago. The Mexican peso has been falling as In the face of the Fed, China retains line sales are brisk, business at her three ing from Istanbul.

For online listings and past Grammatical pedantry with a high cost performance visit: International Funds COMMA, FROM PAGE 8 “We do use the additional comma in $46,800 and $52,000 per year without For information please contact Roxane Spencer modified. Commas, it notes, “are the cases where a sentence would be awk- overtime, worked an average of 12 extra www.morningstar.com/Cover/Funds.aspx most misused and misunderstood punc- ward or confusing without it: Choices for hours a week, Mr. Webbert said. Though e-mail: [email protected] tuation marks in legal drafting and, per- breakfast included oatmeal, muffins, three drivers filed the lawsuit in 2014, haps, the English language.” and bacon and eggs.” about 75 will share the money. 141 PREMIER INVESTMENT FUNDS LTD 345 SPINNAKER CAPITAL GROUP “Use them thoughtfully and spar- The Associated Press, considered the Oakhurst, a longtime family business c/o P.O. Box 1100, Grand Cayman www.spinnakercaptial.com ingly,” it cautions. authority for most American news- that was acquired by Dairy Farmers of Fax: (345) 949 0993 Legal history is replete with cases in rooms, also generally comes out against America in 2014, employs about 200 peo- m Global Emerging Markets K1(31/12/10) $ 129.10 which a comma made all the difference, the Oxford comma. ple and has annual sales of $110 million, m Global Opportunity K1(31/12/10) $ 106.96 like a $1 million dispute between Canadi- But the comma is common in book selling dairy products throughout New 995 GUTZWILLER FONDS MANAGEMENT AG www.gutzwiller-funds.com m Premier Global Bd Fd $ 3000.51 999 OTHER FUNDS an companies in 2006 or a very costly in- England, according to its website. Tel.: +41 61 205 70 00 sertion of a comma in an 1872 tariff law. Its president, John H. Bennett, said in m Premier Global Yield Fd $ 2572.25 m Haussman Holdings Class C € 2300.02 Varying interpretations of a comma in The passionate defenders of the an interview on Thursday that “our d Gutzwiller One $ 325.50 m Premier Intl Equities Fund $ 3728.28 m Haussmann Hldgs N.V. $ 2678.15 the Second Amendment have figured in Oxford comma win a round. management team values our m Gutzwiller Two (CHF) CHF 104.30 m Premier Total Return Fd $ 1337.04 court decisions on gun laws, including a employees and we take employee com- m Gutzwiller Two (USD) $ 150.20 m Premier US Equity Fund $ 6784.65 Federal District Court overturning a pensation seriously.” Washington gun ordinance in 2007. (The and academic publishing. The Chicago “We believe we’re in compliance with Supreme Court later overturned the law Manual of Style uses it, as does Oxford state and federal wage laws, and we’ll à- Sterlings; $ - US Dollars; AUD - Australian Dollars; CAD - Canadian Dollars; CHF - Swiss Francs; DKK - Danish Krones; € - Euros; HKD - HK Dollars; NOK - Norwegian in the case known as District of Colum- University Press style. “The last comma continue to defend ourselves in this mat- Krones; SEK - Swedish Krones; Y - Yen; ZAR -Rand; bia v. Heller.) can serve to resolve ambiguity,” it says. ter,” he said. Most American news organizations A 2014 survey of 1,129 Americans by Mr. Webbert declined to take a per- a - asked + - Offer Prices; N.A. - Not Available; N.C. - Not Communicated; o- New; S - suspended; S/S - Stock Split; ** - Ex-Dividend; ** - Ex-Rts; -@ Offer Price incl. tend to leave the Oxford comma out FiveThirtyEight and SurveyMonkey sonal position on the broader debate of 3% prelim. charge; *- Paris exchange; ++ -Amsterdam exchange; e - misquoted earlier; x-not registered with regulatory authority. P:Middle of bid and offered price. E: while allowing for exceptions to avoid Audience found 57 percent in favor of using the Oxford comma. But he estimated price; y: price calculated 2 days prior to publication; z: bid price. confusion, as in the sentence: “I’d like to the comma and 43 percent opposed. sounded like a lot of English teachers thank my parents, Mother Teresa and Mr. Webbert, who said working on the and writing coaches who offered an al- The marginal Symbols indicate the frequency of quotations supplied: (d) - daily; (w) - weekly; (b) - bi-monthly; (f) - fortnightly; (r) the pope.” Reporters, editors and case recalled his boyhood grammar and ternative suggestion: If there’s any The data in the list above is the n.a.v. supplied by the fund groups to MORNINGSTAR. It is collated and reformatted into the list before being transmitted to the IHT. producers at The New York Times Latin lessons, scoffed at the idea that he doubt, tear up what you wrote and start The IHT receives payment from fund groups to publish this information. MORNINGSTAR and the IHT do not warrant the quality or accuracy of the list, the data of the performance usually omit the comma, but Phil Cor- was representing all those in favor of the over. “In this situation, it did create an fi des of the Fund Groups and will not be liable for the list, the data of Fund Group to any extent. The list is not and shall not be deemed to be an offer by bett, who oversees language issues for Oxford comma. He was only represent- ambiguity, which means you have to ei- the newsroom, wrote in a 2015 blog post ing the truck drivers, he said. ther add a comma or rewrite the sen- the IHT or MORNINGSTAR to sell securities or investments of any kind. Investments can fall as well as rise. Past performance does not guarantee future success. that exceptions are sometimes made: The drivers, who earned between tence,” he said. It is advisable to seek advice from a qualifi ed independent advisor before investing. .. 10 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION Opinion With books, the border is always open

Books are Hisham Matar central to our resistance to a too narrow LONDON Whenever I was encouraged vision of by my elders to pick up a book, I was often told, “Read so as to know the the world. world.” And it is true; books have invited me into different countries, states of mind, social conditions and historical epochs; they have offered me a place at the most unusual gather- ings. I have had access to private rooms, overheard exquisite conversations and been able to observe subtle changes in another person’s inner life. Books have shown me horror and beauty. All this is true. But the most magical moments in reading occur not when I encounter something unknown but when I hap- pen upon myself, when I read a sen- tence that perfectly describes some- thing I have known or felt all along. I am reminded then that I am really no different from anyone else. Perhaps that is the secret motive behind every library: to stumble upon ourselves in the lives and lands and tongues of others. And the more for- eign the setting, the more poignant the event seems. For a strange thing oc- curs then: A distance widens and then it is crossed. How many times, and in ways that did not seem to require my consent, have I suddenly and in my own Literature bed found myself can take to be Russian or you places French or Japa- nese? How many Donald Trump times have I doesn’t want been a peasant you to go. or an aristocrat? How many times have I been a woman? I have been free and without liberty, gay, disabled, old, loved and loathed. All great art allows us this: a glimpse across the limits of our self. These occurrences aren’t merely amusing or disorientating or interest- ing experiments in “virtual reality.” They are moments of genuine expan- sion. They are at the heart of our hu- manity. Our future depends on them. We couldn’t have gotten here without them. Just as a river leads to the sea — and from Jane Austen’s vernacular social order to William Faulkner’s American South, from Naguib Mah- fouz’s Cairo to Tayeb Salih’s village in Sudan — the particular in great litera- ture has always flowed to the univer- sal. That is perhaps what the author of the iconic novel “The House of Hunger,” the Zimbabwean writer ANTOINE MAILLARD Dambudzo Marechera, meant when he said, “If you are a writer for a specific Marine Le Pen, Geert Wilders and and this is why literature is intransi- tolerated in Mr. Trump’s life; but, of underestimates the common reader, nation or a specific race,” then he had Nigel Farage. gent about its liberty. It refuses to be course, they are there — as they are in Mr. Trump too has a limited interpreta- no use for you. What he was resisting Nothing we read can import new or enrolled, regardless of how noble or every life — no matter how deeply tion of himself and therefore of human- was narrow provincialism, the sort of foreign feelings that we don’t, in one urgent the project. It cannot be gov- concealed. You can see it in the tragic ity. And just like the censor, his actions identitarianism that has invaded our form or another, already possess. “Ev- erned or dictated to. It is by instinct air that never leaves him, in the will damage the fiber of his society academies and public discourse, and ery reader,” as Marcel Proust writes in interested in conflicting empathies, in rhythm of his steps, the lines sculpted because, in the long run, the more which sees individual life as, first and “Time Regained,” “is actually the men and women who are running into into his face, the rigidity of his neck as lasting damage falls on the one doing foremost, representative of a racial, reader of himself.” Books can’t install their own hearts, in doubt and contra- he signs those wretched executive the excluding more than those being religious or cultural category. unknown feelings or passions into us. dictions. Which is why, without even orders. Yes, doubt must be there be- excluded. Mr. Marechera was instead promot- What they can do is develop our emo- intending to, and like a moon to the cause he is not only intolerant of com- ing a courageous universalism that is tional, psychological and intellectual night, it disrupts the totalitarian narra- plexity; he fears it. HISHAM MATAR is the author of “The at the heart of how literature works life, and, by doing so, show us how and tive. What it reveals about our human What false vigor then must demoniz- Return,” a memoir investigating his and, I believe, central to our resistance to what extent we are connected. nature is central to the conversation ing and excluding millions of innocent father’s disappearance in Libya, and to the narrow visions of right-wing This is why literature is the greatest today. people based on their race and religion the novels “In the Country of Men” and populists such as Donald Trump, argument for the universalist instinct, Doubt and contradictions are not inspire. And just like the censor who “Anatomy of a Disappearance.”

Conservative fantasies run into reality government spending is a complete those numbers would mean. (In fair- Government waste, doing nobody any good. The ness, one could have said the same spending is same is true of government regula- about Paul Ryan’s budgets in the past. tions. And to the extent to which In fact, I did.) full of spending does help anyone, it’s Those But the reality is that the proposed pointless People — lazy, undeserving types who cuts would have ugly, highly visible waste — just so happen to be a bit, well, darker effects. Zeroing out the Community Paul Krugman than Real Americans. until you try Development Block Grant program This was the kind of thinking — or, may sound good if you have no idea to cut it. perhaps, “thinking” — that underlay what it does (which Mr. Trump surely President Trump’s promise to replace doesn’t); eliminating Meals on Wheels, Obamacare with something “far less an immediate consequence, not so This week the Trump administration expensive and far better.” After all, it’s much. Nor would coal country, which put out a budget blueprint — or more a government program, so he assumed voted overwhelmingly for Mr. Trump, accurately, a “budget” blueprint. After that it must be full of waste that a like the consequences if he eliminates all, real budgets detail where the tough leader like him could eliminate. the Appalachian Regional Commission. money comes from and where it goes; Strange to say, however, Republi- Wait, there’s more. Effectively dis- cans turn out to have no ideas about this proclamation covers only around a emboweling the Environmental Pro- how to make the program cheaper third of federal spending, while saying tection Agency may sound smart if other than eliminating health insur- nothing about revenues or projected you imagine that it’s just a bunch of ance for 24 million people (and making deficits. meddling bureaucrats. But the public coverage worse, with higher out-of- As the fiscal expert Stan Collender wants stronger, not weaker, envi- pocket spending, for those who re- ANDREW HARRER/BLOOMBERG put it: “This is not a budget. It’s a ronmental protection, and would not Trump campaign press release mas- main). be pleased to see a sharp deterioration querading as a government docu- And basically the same story applies vastly exaggerated view of how much selves in a position to put their agenda in air and water quality. ment.” at a broader level. Consider federal we spend on foreign aid. Many also fail into practice? Voters will quickly get a The point is that Mr. Trump’s at- So what’s the point of the document? spending as a whole: Outside defense to connect their personal experience lesson in what slashing spending The administration presumably hopes it’s dominated by Social Security, with public policy: Large numbers of really means — and they won’t be tempt to change the subject away from that it will distract the public and the Medicare and Medicaid — all pro- Social Security and Medicare recipi- happy. his party’s health care quagmire isn’t press from the ongoing debacle over grams that are crucial to tens of mil- ents believe that they make no use of That’s basically the wall Obamacare going to work, and not just because health care. But it probably won’t. And lions of Americans, many of them the any government social program. repeal has just smashed into. And the this supposed budget literally isn’t in any case, this pseudo-budget em- white working-class voters who are Thanks to these misperceptions, same thing will happen if this Trump worth the paper it’s written on. At a bodies the same combination of mean- the core of Trump support. Further- carefully nurtured by right-wing me- whatever-it-is turns into an actual more fundamental level, it doesn’t spiritedness and fiscal fantasy that has more, most other government spend- dia, politicians can often get away with budget. even change the subject. turned the Republican effort to replace ing also serves purposes that are running on promises of drastic spend- Mr. Trump himself gives every Republicans’ budget promises, like Obamacare into a train wreck. popular, important or (usually) both. ing cuts: Many, perhaps most, voters indication of having no idea what the their health care promises, have been Think for a minute about the vision Given this reality, why are so many don’t see how such cuts would affect federal government does; his vaguely based on an essentially fraudulent of government and its role that the people opposed to “big government”? their lives. budget-like document isn’t much more picture of what’s really going on. And right has been peddling for decades. Many have a distorted view of the But what will happen if anti-big- than a roughly scribbled list of num- now the bill for these lies is coming In this vision, much if not most numbers. For example, people have a government politicians find them- bers, with no clear picture of what due. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 11 opinion

Crouching junta, hidden abbot Members of the royal family appear years the Shinawatras defied those longkorn, the new king, chose Somdet ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR., Publisher A.G. SULZBERGER, Deputy Publisher Pavin Chachavalpongpun to have sponsored the sect, and are traditional networks, tacitly challeng- Phra Maha Muniwong, the abbot of a

DEAN BAQUET, Executive Editor MARK THOMPSON, Chief Executive Officer thought to have helped pay for build- ing the king’s moral authority, by ap- competing sect, circumventing the ings at its main compound. But the pealing to rural voters with populist Sangha Council. JOSEPH KAHN, Managing Editor STEPHEN DUNBAR-JOHNSON, President, International movement is better known for its sus- projects. The military arguably staged Then on March 5, the government TOM BODKIN, Creative Director PHILIPPE MONTJOLIN, Senior V.P., International Operations The siege of the temple near Bangkok pected ties to the former prime min- the 2014 coup in the hope of steering the issued a royal command, signed by the SUZANNE DALEY, Associate Editor JEAN-CHRISTOPHE DEMARTA, Senior V.P., Global Advertising was lifted last Friday, and the abbot ister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was impending royal succession in ways king, stripping Phra Dhammachayo of ACHILLES TSALTAS, V.P., International Conferences remains at large. Some say he is overthrown in a military coup in 2006, that would safeguard the interests of his religious titles. JAMES BENNET, Editorial Page Editor CHANTAL BONETTI, V.P., International Human Resources abroad; others say he is dead. But the and to his sister Yingluck, who was the establishment. Now it is trying to Are the new king and the military JAMES DAO, Deputy Editorial Page Editor CHARLOTTE GORDON, V.P., International Consumer Marketing military government of Gen. Prayuth ousted by the current junta, in 2014, control the Buddhist establishment as working in tandem? Who knows. Al- TERRY TANG, Deputy Editorial Page Editor PATRICE MONTI, V.P., International Circulation Chan-ocha is still on a manhunt for after she, too, became prime minister. well. most three years after the coup, Thai HELENA PHUA, Executive V.P., Asia-Pacific Phra Dhammachayo, the controversial Phra Dhammachayo was charged It so happened that as Bhumibol’s politics remains precarious and very SUZANNE YVERNÈS, International Chief Financial Officer spiritual leader of the Dhammakaya with embezzlement in the late 1990s health was faltering last year and the opaque. Vajiralongkorn has asked for movement, a powerful Buddhist sect. and removed from his position. But he question of his succession became a revisions to a junta-drafted constitution For 23 days, the Thai police blocked was cleared of the charges and pressing concern, the conservative that was approved by referendum last access to the sprawling Dhammakaya reinstated as abbot after Mr. Thaksin elites had to year; a form of horse-trading may be compound outside Bangkok and raided became prime minister. Many Shinawa- worry about underway. The controversial constitu- it in search of its former abbot. Phra tra supporters, better known as the red Ever insecure, another passing tion has yet to come into force, and A DENT IN EUROPE’S POPULISM Dhammachayo is wanted for embezzle- shirts, are hardcore loyalists of Phra the Thai of the guard: The pending that, the date of the next elec- Bucking fears that the Netherlands would be the next ment and money laundering, among Dhammachayo. military Supreme Patri- tion, already many times delayed, other things. The temple’s spokesman Much like Mr. Thaksin challenged arch, the head of remains uncertain. It would be populist domino after Britain’s vote to leave the Euro- government is a mistake to has denied the accusations; the abbot’s the political domination of the tradi- the monks’ order, One major question is how long the pean Union and Donald Trump’s election in the United supporters claim the charges are poli- tional Thai elites — namely royalists, going after a died in 2013 and Thai people will stand for this, espe- assume the States, the Dutch turned out in record numbers on tically motivated. the military and big business — Dham- controversial had yet to be cially if the Prayuth government starts But the curious saga of this possibly makaya’s brash form of Buddhism replaced. cracking down on religious leaders. At Dutch vote Wednesday to reject the anti-Muslim platform of the Buddhist will translate wayward cleric is also, or mostly, about threatens the belief system of Thai monk. Traditionally, the height of the recent siege at the far-right candidate Geert Wilders. The Dutch election the ruling junta’s growing insecurity. To conservatives. Together the Shinawa- the country’s top Dhammakaya complex, several thou- into defeat was seen as a potential bellwether for elections in stamp out dissent, the military govern- tras and this sect seem to erode tradi- religious position sand monks and supporters stayed in for far-right France and Germany, where far-right populist parties ment is now willing to openly trespass tional forms of authority, and so in the goes to the most the compound to protest the raid. The into the religious sphere and clamp junta’s view, must be quieted. senior monk designated by the Sangha standoff was the most high-profile mass candidates have gained ground. But it is premature to assume the down on a very popular Buddhist Buddhism is one prong of the holy Supreme Council, the Buddhist order’s demonstration against the junta since in other Dutch result signals the defeat of far-right populism in leader. And this story may soon become trinity that makes Thai identity, along- governing body. In this instance, the the 2014 coup. elections. Europe. a cautionary tale. side the nation and the monarchy. It is presumptive heir was Somdet Phra The generals’ tough stance hardly is Dhammakaya is the biggest and the state religion, and a compulsory Maha Ratchamangalacharn, better surprising given their insistence on The Dutch parliamentary election was a highly frac- most influential temple in Thailand. It subject of study in public schools. The known as Somdet Chuang. But the quashing critics in the past. But their tured affair, with 28 parties competing for 150 seats. has gained traction, especially among king is considered to be Buddhism’s Prayuth government blocked his nomi- failure to eradicate Mr. Thaksin’s influ- Prime Minister Mark Rutte’s center-right People’s lower-middle classes, thanks to a kind ultimate patron and the gatekeeper of nation by invoking a tax evasion scan- ence has probably made him stronger, of Buddhist prosperity gospel that the Sangha, the Buddhist monastic dal involving vintage cars. More to the and if their attack on Dhammakaya, Party for Freedom and Democracy won with 33 seats. advocates meditation, volunteering and order. point perhaps, Somdet Chuang was a and meddling in religious affairs, was Mr. Rutte is likely to turn to the conservative Chris- donations. It repackages traditional Tensions between Dhammakaya and mentor to Phra Dhammachayo and he an attempt to tighten their grip on tian Democratic Appeal party and the center-left, pro- Buddhist concepts in accessible form, the Prayuth government were bound to enjoys massive support among Thaksin power, they may well come out the including carnival-like pilgrimages and come to a head after the death of King supporters. weaker for it. European Democrats 66 party, each of which won 19 TV shows. Its main building looks like a Bhumibol Adulyadej in October. Bhumi- In January, the government amended seats. Even if those parties joined his coalition, he U.F.O. Dhammakaya is said to have bol had ruled for seven decades, partly the Sangha succession law to give the PAVIN CHACHAVALPONGPUN is an associate would still need at least one more party. However the three million followers, including pow- by forging strong ties with the military king sole power to appoint the Supreme professor at Kyoto University’s Center erful politicians and businesspeople. and Bangkok-based elites. But in recent Patriarch. In February, Maha Vajira- for Southeast Asian Studies. horse-trading goes, the Netherlands looks set to form a staunchly pro-European government. That idea has cheered European leaders. On Thurs- day, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, which will hold its election in September, said she “was very happy that a high turnout led to a very pro-European result, a clear signal.” President François Hollande of France hailed a “clear victory against extremism.” Still, it would be a mistake to assume the Dutch vote will translate into a defeat for Marine Le Pen and her far-right National Front party in France. While polls indicate the En Marche! candidate Emmanuel Macron will beat Ms. Le Pen in a second round of voting on May 7, polls have had a sorry track record in populist- fueled elections. They predicted a far stronger showing by Mr. Wilders, and missed the Brexit and Trump vic- tories. Despite his defeat, Mr. Wilders’s Party for Freedom did come in second with 20 seats, and he remains a powerful far-right provocateur. “Rutte has not seen the last of me yet!” Mr. Wilders wrote on Twitter. Nor would a defeat for Ms. Le Pen in May put an end to her movement. The Dutch vote is encouraging, but the threat of far-right populism in Europe continues.

EVEN IRISH IMMIGRANTS ARE IN FEAR Let us pause to honor the immigrants everybody loves. White and Even the Trump administration, busily working to well loved, hunt down and wall out poorer, browner immigrants but feeling and refugees, paused this week for the spreading of the terrified by sentimental slurry. Trump Vice President Mike Pence went first. anyway. “The bond between the people of America and the people of Ireland stretches back into the mists of Amer- ican history,” he told a group of prominent Irish-Ameri-

cans on Wednesday night in Washington. “They came NARONG SANGNAK/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY here, one by one, or sometimes in small bands. But Monks and police officers at the Dhammakaya temple outside Bangkok this month. For 23 days, the Thai police blocked access to the compound in search of its former abbot. what they lacked in numbers, we already heard to- night, they more than made up in courage.” President Trump was next, at the Capitol on Thurs- day, hailing the “tremendous” contributions and suc- cess of Irish immigrants and their descendants. But Christo wraps Donald Trump those sugared words fail to acknowledg these 50,000 or so Irish, who like the others, are stranded by the failure selective cruelty that lay behind his pressed something nomadic, his own yogurt with garlic for breakfast, then of immigration reform, and threatened by the adminis- successful TV show. Everyone is now life. The works awoke in people a sense nothing until dinner). Decide what you Donald Trump’s apprentice, at least as of collective wonderment. Huge want — that is the most difficult part tration’s deportation regime. he sees it. crowds came. These creations seemed — and then apply yourself without The fears are real. The Ireland Funds, the very group In Doha, at The New York Times dreamed, yet they existed, and then compromise to that end. Mr. Pence praised on Wednesday, pledged $100,000 last “Art for Tomorrow” conference, I met were gone. They were insubstantial yet Last year he made another work the artist Christo. This was before immense. Their unlikely beauty was involving water, called “The Floating week to a coalition of Irish-American centers around Roger Cohen rumors that Trump wants to cut all liberating. Piers,” at Lake Iseo in northern Italy. the country to give humanitarian and legal assistance funding to the National Endowment for For more than two decades, Christo On top of 220,000 interlocking poly- to unauthorized Irish immigrants. the Arts were confirmed. It’s been a has labored to create a work called ethylene cubes, Christo installed a particularly hard couple of months for “Over the River” in Colorado — a glowing unfenced walkway connecting Fear, of course, is even greater among Latino unau- Christo. He knows all about walls. He canopy of silvery fabric that was to an island in the lake with the shore. thorized immigrants. Police raids and racial profiling I was in Doha last week, and a Su- knows all about being a refugee. have been sus- Over a couple of weeks about 1.2 mil- are less a problem for the Irish in the Bronx than for danese woman approached me to As a young man in the 1950s, he fled pended for two lion visitors came. They wanted to explain how desperate she felt about communist Bulgaria, then part of the How to resist a weeks over 42 walk on water. It’s possible to walk on Mexicans in Arizona and California. the fact that her son, at school in the totalitarian Soviet imperium. When the president who miles of the water. In times of oppression freedom Many leading Irish-Americans know what Mr. United States, now felt unable to travel Berlin Wall went up in 1961, he made a believes the Arkansas River, is also a fierce act of the imagination. Trump is up to. Martin O’Malley, the former governor to see her. He was afraid that if he left wall of oil barrels on the Rue Visconti a flowing, billow- Christo, born Christo Vladimirov he might not be allowed back. In lots of in Paris. From 1964 to 1967, he lived as National ing liquid mirror. Javacheff in communist Bulgaria, of Maryland, finds it infuriating that the Irish govern- small and not-so-small ways, the mean, an illegal immigrant in New York with Endowment But now, after wrapped the Reichstag in 1995, six ment is not standing up to Mr. Trump over immigra- militaristic mind of the American his late wife Jeanne-Claude, before for the Arts spending some years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. tion. “That the Irish — of all people — would shower president has come to inhabit people’s getting a green card and becoming a is worthless. $15 million, he The Reichstag had burned in 1933, an lives. citizen in 1973. By the time America has walked away act of arson three Bulgarian commu- this immigrant-bashing president with shamrocks is If a budget can be a portrait of a opened its arms to him, he had been in perhaps the nists were accused of orchestrating. appalling,” he said in a statement read aloud on Thurs- soul, then this president’s is arid and stateless for 17 years. Freedom meant biggest single act Hitler used the fire, whose cause is still day at an immigrant-solidarity rally in Dublin. shriveled. It is filled with contempt for something. The United States was of protest by an artist against Donald disputed, to impose despotic terror. Speaking at the White House on Thursday, the Irish the needy. Here is a man dismissive of more than a country; it was an idea. Trump. Much of the land is federally Christo’s wrapping preceded by a few the arts, the environment, the human- His great works — the 7,503 “Gates” owned. As Christo explained to my years the return of the parliament of a prime minister, Enda Kenny, voiced the mildest of de- ities, diplomacy, peacekeeping, sci- that threaded a tapestry of deep saf- colleague Randy Kennedy earlier this free, united Germany to the building murrals. “We would like this to be sorted,” he told Mr. ence, public education and civilian fron across Central Park in 2005, the year, “The federal government is our that had stood adjacent to the dividing Trump. “It would remove a burden of so many people national service — in short, civilization wrapping of the Reichstag in polypro- landlord. They own the land. I can’t do line of Europe. A Bulgarian freed by itself. If he could defund goodness he pylene, the 3,100 umbrellas deployed a project that benefits this landlord.” America declared his liberty — the that they can stand out in the light and say, ‘Now I am would. Charity is also ripe for the ax. along inland valleys in Japan and In Doha, Christo, who is 81, refused ultimate freedom of the imagination — free to contribute to America as I know I can.’ ” Creativity needs skewering. Giving is California — have all been about free- to sit down. Defiance is part of him. To at Europe’s pivot. That is worth recall- It’s sad to see the Irish leader gingerly trying to weakness. All that counts are acquisi- dom. Within weeks they were disman- live freely is an immense act of will. ing today. tive instinct, walls and bans (of the tled. Nobody could own them. Pos- For an hour he spoke with irrepress- The only use I can imagine for steer the president of the United States away from a kind that keep mother and son apart), session and freedom make uneasy ible vitality. Eat little, he counseled, in Trump’s grotesque wall is for Christo white-nationalist, anti-immigrant agenda. displays of power, and the frisson of bedfellows. The fabric he used ex- order to channel energy (in his case to wrap it and set us free. .. 12 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION opinion

Trump takes Nashville, sort of

souvenir buttons, hats, T-shirts and A full-throated protest was inevita- Margaret Renkl Trump masks. A large vehicle labeled ble. By Tuesday more than 2,000 peo- “Trump Tram” circled the block with ple had committed to attend — includ- an effigy of Hillary Clinton imprisoned ing buses full of activists from Mem- in a cage on the roof. phis and Knoxville. NASHVILLE “Fight the power,” the But there’s a big difference between One of the earliest to arrive was Facebook message said. “Get two tix a Trump rally and an actual county fair John Boylan, who described himself as for Donald and let the place stay in the American South. Except for the “an Ecumenical Franciscan and an empty!” vendors, most of whom were black, the Ecumenical Catholic priest.” He was I clicked the link, and that’s how I people outside the Municipal Audito- holding a “Beat Swords Into Plow- learned that the president of the rium yesterday were white. I mean, shares” sign and wearing a sticker that United States was coming to Nashville. they were all white as far as I could said “Paid Protester” with a Chi-Rho As with so many of these scattershot tell, with the exception of one African- monogram, the symbol for Christ, in American woman and her teenage acts of resistance, the call to reserve place of each P. “My payment comes daughter, who had driven in from tickets and leave the seats unoccupied later,” he said, pointing heavenward. Memphis for the event. seemed pointless for a first-come-first- People from groups like Indivisible, “I wanted something new,” the wom- served event issuing unlimited tickets. the A.C.L.U. and the Tennessee Immi- an, Sybil Dukes, said about voting for I made my reservations anyway on the grant and Refugee Rights Coalition off chance I was wrong. Mr. Trump. “It wasn’t that I was dis- criminating against Hillary as a fe- were present in force, but everyone on Then I thought, “I should just go.” both sides of James Robertson Park- Not as a protester. Some might con- male. It’s just that I’m a Christian lady, and I believe what he was saying in way seemed calm. sider me a Yellow Dog Democrat, but By the time the auditorium doors President Trump’s people are my terms of abortion.” For her daughter, Johnesha Dukes, the decision was opened, I was hearing scattered re- people — the people I come from, the even more straightforward: “I just ports of intimidation, particularly from people I live among. I believe my liked him.” protesters who had to pass that mile- people elected the greatest threat to Settling in for a long line on their way to the demon- American democracy since the Third The president long wait, stration: “We had to walk all the way Reich, but I haven’t been able to work was coming to strangers in line by them with our signs,” said Mary up a real us-versus-them way of think- this red state, were becoming Reeves, who drove in from Murfrees- ing about my own friends and family. and my blue friends. Mostly boro. “At first it was just the usual, and The president was scheduled to we passed the then they said, ‘We’ll kill you, we’ll kill speak at 6:30 p.m., but when I got town wasn’t time telling you.’ ” down to the Municipal Auditorium at happy. stories — this is “It was very scary,” her friend Debi noon, the line of people waiting to get the South, y’all — Tannock said.“We were going to go Let Bannon be Bannon! in stretched all the way around the unrelated to inside, but we decided we weren’t building — twice — before crossing the Many of us wouldn’t have liked that guard Republicans who continue to go politics. I did not identify myself as a going to. I’m fearful for my life.” street and continuing farther than I agenda — the trade and immigration about their jobs in old guard pseudo- writer or as a liberal, and the folks I might’ve looked a little skeptical. could see. “Wow, what time did you get parts — but at least it would have helped libertarian ways. around me made their own assump- I’d been in that crowd for more than here?” I said to a guy near the front of tions. When a police officer stopped to the people who are being pummeled by The second possibility, raised by Rich the line. He’d been standing there since five hours by then, and except for the this economy. Lowry in Politico, is that the Republican tell me my backpack wouldn’t be al- way they vote, the Trump people all before dawn, on a day when it was 23 lowed in the auditorium, I asked my But Bannonesque populism is being sweep of 2016 was won on separate degrees outside. seemed pretty innocuous to me. “Take abandoned. The infrastructure and jobs tracks. Trump won on populism, but new Trump friends to save my place this sign and walk by them,” the wom- A few steps down the line, a Trump while I dropped my stuff back at the David Brooks plan is being put off until next year congressional Republicans won on the en from Murfreesboro urged. “You’ll supporter named Megan Taylor was car. “I hope you make it back in time,” (which is to say never). Meanwhile, the standard cut-government script. The get to experience . . . .” She trailed off. dressed in jeans and a “Make America one man said. “I’ve enjoyed talking to Trump administration has agreed with congressional Republicans are better I’d get to experience the real Trump Great Again” hoodie with sleeves made you.” Paul Ryan’s crazy plan to do health care prepared, and so their plans are crowd- supporter? I didn’t take her up on the of American flags — and dozens of I didn’t make it back. On the other first. ing out anything Bannon might have Trump buttons: “Hot Chicks for side of the block, the protesters had offer, but she had a point. Nothing I’d I continue to worry about Steve Bannon. Moths show greater resistance to contemplated. Trump,” “Girls Just Wanna Have arrived. Tennessee is a blood-red state, done myself that day had provoked I see him in the White House photos, but flame than American politicians do to The third possibility is that Donald Guns,” “Basket of Deplorables Mem- but Nashville is a blue city, an arrange- anyone spoiling for a fight. he never has that sprightly Prince of health care reform. And sure enough it’s Trump doesn’t really care about domes- ber.” “I feel like I’m at the fair!” Ms. ment that works roughly the way Meanwhile, on the other side of the Darkness gleam in his eye anymore. become a poisonous morass for the tic policy; he mostly cares about testos- Taylor said, turning to show me a living with an ex in the same house road, the Ecumenical Franciscan was His governing philosophy is being entire party, and a complete distraction terone. button the size of a salad plate: might work. Every time Nashville holding his ground right in the middle completely gutted by the mice around from the populist project. He wants to cut any part of govern- “Trump 2016 — Finally Someone With passes a law to increase inclusion, or of the Trump supporters waiting for him. He seems to have a big influence on Worse, the Ryan health care plan ment that may seem soft and nurturing, Balls.” decrease idiocy, the State Legislature the line to move. “Beat swords into Trump speeches but zero influence on punishes the very people Trump and like poverty programs. He wants to cut But mostly the line looked like any passes a law that overrides it. Last plowshares — where does it say that in recent Trump policies. I’m beginning to Bannon had vowed to help. It would any program that might seem emotional line that might form outside month, when Nashville residents took the Bible?” one guy called out, passing fear that he’s spending his days sitting raise premiums and airy-fairy, like the National Endow- along the wall in the Roosevelt Room by as much as 25 ment for the Arts. He wants to cut any Nashville’s scruffy Municipal Audito- to the streets to protest the president’s by. “Two different sources,” Father President rium for a concert by a band a decade executive order on immigration, a Boylan said, turning to speak to him. morosely playing one of those Risk- percent on people program that might seem smart and past its chart-toppers but still pulling state representative named Matthew But his heckler was already gone. style global empire video games on his Trump has between 50 and nerdy, like the National Institutes of in true believers on tour. Hill proposed a bill protecting drivers smartphone. abandoned 64, one core of the Health. For several blocks around the audi- from civil prosecution if they happen to MARGARET RENKL is a freelance writer Back in the good old days — like two Steve Bannon’s Trump voter But he wants to increase funding for torium, vendors pushed carts full of run down a protester. and editor in Nashville. months ago — it was fun to watch Ban- governing base. It would every program that seems manly, hard, non operate. He was the guy with a philosophy, completely ham- muscular and ripped, like the military coherent governing philosophy. He mer working- and armed antiterrorism programs. seemed to have realized that the two and with it, the class voters Indeed, the Trump budget looks less major party establishments had aban- benefits the whose incomes like a political philosophy and more like doned the working class. He also working class put them just a sexual fantasy. It lavishes attention on seemed to have realized that the 21st- counted on. above the Medic- every aspect of hard power and slashes century political debate is not big versus aid threshold. away at anything that isn’t. small government, it’s open versus The Trump The Trump health care and budget closed. budget is an even more devastating plans will be harsh on the poor, which Bannon had the opportunity to re- assault on Bannon-style populism. It we expected. But they’ll also be harsh align American politics around the eliminates or cuts organizations like on the working class, which we didn’t. social, cultural and economic concerns the Appalachian Regional Commission We’re ending up with the worst of the of the working class. Erect barriers to and the Great Lakes Restoration Initia- new guard Trumpian populists and the keep out aliens from abroad, and shift tive that are important to people from old guard Republican libertarians. money from the rich to the working Tennessee and West Virginia up We’re building walls to close off the class to create economic security at through Ohio and Michigan. It cuts world while also shifting wealth from home. job-training and road-building pro- the poor to the rich. It was easy to see the Trump agenda grams. It does almost nothing to help When these two plans fail, which that would flow from this philosophy: expand opportunity for the working seems very likely, there’s going to be a Close off trade and immigration. Fund a class and almost everything to serve holy war between the White House and jobs-creating infrastructure program. defense contractors and the national Capitol Hill. I don’t have high hopes for Reverse the Republican desire to re- security state. what’s going to emerge from that war, form and reduce entitlements. Increase Why is Bannonism being abandoned? but it would be nice if the people who funding on all sorts of programs that One possibility is that there just aren’t voted for Trump got economic support, benefit working-class voters in places enough Trumpians in the world to staff not punishment. like Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wis- an administration, so Trump and Ban- For that, there’s one immediate reci- consin. non have filled their apparatus with old pe: Unleash Steve Bannon!

Vote is not a defeat of populism From Readers MUDDE, FROM PAGE 12 agree that Dutch multiculturalism and to deindustrialization to the emergence the European Union should be reformed of new political issues, like the envi- rather than abolished. Unfortunately, ISRAEL’S ANTI-BOYCOTT LAW Newspaper subscription offer: ronment or immigration. they often oppose each other in terms of Regarding your editorial opposing Israel’s The consequences have been the proposed reforms. latest anti-boycott law, the goal of the painfully visible across Europe for some The highly divisive election cam- global Palestinian-led B.D.S. movement Save 66% for three months. time. It took Belgium 541 days to form a paign, in which virtually all parties (boycott, divestment and sanctions) is government after its 2010 election. Both defined themselves vis-à-vis Geert not only to end the “occupation of the Greece and Spain were in recent years Wilders, has only widened the gap West Bank” (“Israel Says Dissenters Are forced to hold second elections after the between the future coalition parties. Unwelcome,” March 9). first Parliaments failed to form The Christian Democrats moved Since its inception in 2005 by the In unpredictable times, you need journalism that cuts through coalitions. In the Netherlands, forming sharply to the right, adopting slightly largest Palestinian grass-roots civil soci- the noise to deliver the facts. A subscription to The New York a government is not quite as difficult, softer versions of Mr. Wilders’s ety coalition, B.D.S. has consistently but the next one will most likely be a positions, including Euroskepticism called for ending Israel’s occupation of Times International Edition gives you uncompromising reporting coalition of four to six parties. and thinly-veiled Islamophobia. So did Gaza and the West Bank, including East that deepens your understanding of the issues that matter, If the Party for Freedom is excluded Prime Minister Rutte’s V.V.D. In fact, he Jerusalem; granting full equality for — and almost all parties have pledged may have gotten a boost in the polls Palestinian citizens of Israel, who are and includes unlimited access to NYTimes.com and apps for that they will refuse to serve in a coali- after taking a tough stance in a spat discriminated against by dozens of laws; and recognizing the United Nations- smartphone and tablet. tion with Mr. Wilders — the government between the Netherlands and Turkey. will probably consist of five or six medi- Meanwhile, the Green Left party and stipulated right of Palestinian refugees to um-size parties that span almost the the libertarian Democrats 66 have return to lands from which they were entire political spectrum. Given that the positioned their parties as clear alterna- forcibly displaced during Israel’s estab- conservative V.V.D. and the Christian tives to Mr. Wilders, putting forward lishment in 1948. Democratic Appeal are ideologically strong defenses of cosmopolitan values. Inspired partly by the American civil closer to the Party for Freedom than Somehow, they will all now have to rights movement, the inclusive B.D.S. they are to, for example, the Green Left figure out how to work together. It won’t movement enjoys growing support Order the International Edition today at party with which they will be governing, be easy. among Americans, including Jewish the government will be rightly per- Other mainstream parties in Europe Americans. According to a December nytimes.com/discover ceived as an anti-Wilders coalition. should watch carefully and learn a 2016 poll, nearly half of all Americans This will play right into Mr. Wilders’s lesson from the Netherlands. Fighting (46 percent), and 60 percent of hands. He has long argued that the the right-wing populists on their terms Democrats, support sanctions against Netherlands’ political parties are all the may guarantee an immediate electoral Israel to stop its illegal settlements on same. Being the leader of the largest victory. Palestinian land. opposition party against an internally But ultimately the government that Palestinians and our supporters will divided, weak “anti-Wilders” coalition is finally emerges from that fight will have not be deterred by this draconian Israeli undoubtedly his second most desired its coherence and stability undermined. law. We shall continue our nonviolent outcome of the elections — after, of A better plan for the centrist, left-wing struggle for our rights, motivated by our course, winning an outright majority of and other mainstream parties is to put love for freedom, justice and equality. the votes. forward a positive political vision, not Omar Barghouti, The only way to break this vicious allowing the radical right’s issues to Acre, Israel circle is for the parties in government to dominate the national conversation. come together to support a positive The writer is a co-founder of the Boycott, program, one that justifies their cooper- CAS MUDDE, an associate professor in the Divestment and Sanctions movement. Offer expires June 30, 2017 and is valid for new subscribers only. Hand delivery subject to confirmation by local ation and their decision to exclude Mr. School of Public and International distributors. Smartphone and tablet apps are not supported on all devices. Wilders. All of these parties do support, Affairs at the University of Georgia, is a SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS in principle, European integration and co-author of “Populism: A Very Short Send a letter, with your phone number and tolerance of diversity. They also all Introduction.” email address, to [email protected]. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 13

ART FOR TOMORROW View highlights from the Art for Tomorrow Conference ArtforTomorrow.com

Culture as a bridge across global troubles

DOHA, QATAR Key figures met in Qatar to explore art and the challenges of our time

BY ROBIN POGREBIN “I will not talk about politics,” said the artist Christo, “but all our projects are deeply political.” His statement at this year’s New York Times Art for Tomorrow Conference in Doha, Qatar, in many ways summed up the theme — sometimes explicit but of- ten unsaid — that coursed through the third annual convocation of artists, col- lectors, curators, museum directors, DESIGN MUSEUM DHARAVI public officials and others: “Bound- aries, Identity and the Public Realm.” At a time when discussions of walls and fences dominate the political dis- course, and a wave of nationalism seems ascendant worldwide, panelists grappled with how culture can help sur- mount barriers and foster connections. “Art and culture have the possibility of bringing people together,” said the di- rector Robert Wilson, who every year invites artists from all over the world to his Watermill Center on Long Island. “I’m terrified to think of the impact the Trump administration will have on what we’re trying to do.” ANDRE PENNER/ASSOCIATED PRESS MARCO BERTORELLO/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr., the publisher of The New York Times, charged right into this politically sensitive territory in opy. “The federal government is our the audience or to the meaning of the the foundation he established in his torian and curator based in Amsterdam, Art without walls his opening remarks. “I’m the publisher landlord,” Christo said in January. museum. We are a museum that shows home country, Cameroon — called and Jorge Mañes Rubio, a Spanish-born Top left, the mobile of The Times but, as important, I am a “They own the land. I can’t do a project culture and its manifestations through- Bandjoun Station — integrated agricul- artist, helped create the mobile Design Design Museum citizen,” he said. “It pains me to see that that benefits this landlord.” out history. And this is an object that ture with art. “We buy some land and we Museum Dharavi in India, to showcase Dharavi in India. my government is adopting isolationist But he happily shared the secret of his people take away that is their physical decide to make plantation for coffee, for local craftspeople. “We created this plat- Bottom left, an policies, scapegoating immigrants and high energy level at age 81 (a whole gar- memory of what they’ve done, and bananas, for beans, and to celebrate form for the makers,” Ms. Pinatih said. installation by the rejecting the American ideal of welcom- lic chopped up in yogurt for breakfast there’s nothing wrong with that. It’s part harvest,” he said in halting English, “to “They are seen as cheap manual labor.” Brazilian artist Helio ing the foreign-born.” and nothing till dinner). And he talked of the world that we live in. We have to be different than MoMA or Tate Modern Mr. Rubio added: “The sooner we start Oiticica at the Some of the panels dealt directly with about the importance of staying active, do that to continue to fund the things — to change the idea of the museum.” integrating these neighborhoods into Inhotim Institute, a current events, like “Culture, Citizen- how he always takes the stairs instead of that we do as an organization.” Allan Schwartzman, the chief curator our cities, the better.” sculpture park in ship and Belonging.” the elevator and thrives on direct con- Indeed, many panelists talked about and creative director of Inhotim — the ”A museum can be defined not only by Brazil. Right, “The “There is a dilemma,” said Georgios tact with the elements: “I love the wind, using the internet and social media as Brazil sculpture park he conceived with architectural glamour or by a famous Floating Piers,” by Kaminis, mayor of Athens. “If you have I love the heat, I love the water.” two of many ways to demystify the mu- Bernardo Paz in 2003 — said the project collection,” Mr. Rubio said. “We envision Christo, on Lake an open-door policy, you’re creating in- “Humans are not designed to be sit- seum-going experience — to make of- has embraced its mostly local visitors, a museum where walls are dissolvable, Iseo in Italy. centive for everyone to come. On the ting,” he said (insisting that his confer- ten-intimidating institutions seem more aiming to create “as much a botanical a museum that will play a way more rel- other hand, if you build fences and walls, ence interview be done while standing). welcoming and accessible. garden as a set of art experiences.” evant social role in our cities. That’s the that comes — at least concerning the “All of our projects are about moving.” The artist Barthélémy Toguo said that Similarly, Amanda Pinatih, an art his- museum of the future.” refugees — against the basic principles The deep level of commitment Christo of European law, international law.” He demonstrated while reviewing his body added, “We must be open now for the of work — including the gates in Central time being.” Park and last year’s “Floating Piers” in Adrienne Clarkson, a former gover- Italy — was evident in many other pan- nor general of Canada and co-chair- elists at the conference. woman of the Institute for Canadian Cit- The artist Abdulnasser Gharem, a for- izenship, said refugees had provided a mer lieutenant colonel in the Saudi Ara- dose of new talent to Canada. “Our uni- bian Army, in April opens an exhibition versities are getting a whole lot of peo- at the Los Angeles County Museum of ple from those countries that your presi- Art, his first solo show in the United dent has said he doesn’t want the people States. He said he has had to find a bal- from,” she said, referring to President ance between serving his country and Trump. “We’re getting doctors and pro- critiquing it through his artwork. fessors, so we are benefiting from that.” “To be honest, I haven’t been shown in And Irina Bokova, the director gen- my country yet, I haven’t shown any- eral of Unesco, talked about how culture thing there,” he said. “We have a kind of was instrumental to economic growth, a deal that I can show whatever I want citing a 2015 study that said the arts gen- outside, and I can’t show inside. And I erated 29.5 million jobs worldwide, more accept it immediately. But I didn’t stop.” than the auto industry. “Development Idris Khan, whose public commission without culture cannot be sustainable or for the Memorial Park in Abu Dhabi equitable or inclusive,” she said. opened last year, said he felt an “incredi- Other discussions at the conference ble responsibility to create something resonated more subtly with the most sa- for a country,” an installation that lient issues of the day, including panels “would trigger an emotion when people on refugees, censorship, heritage pres- saw it.” ervation and cultural diplomacy. Daniel Tobin, the co-founder and cre- The photojournalist Yannis Behrakis ative director of Urban Art Projects, talked about the migrants coming off which selected Mr. Khan for the project, boats, with a reference to President talked about how public art is “about Trump. “Obviously they’re not danger- having a dialogue with a population.” ous,” Mr. Behrakis said. “If we look in- “The thing that gets us out of bed in side us — including the president — he the morning is how we make the public has some either refugee or migrant realm better,” he said. “How do you blood. It’s something we people tend to make a city more livable? How do you forget. We forget our roots. We forget connect with people on an emotional our voyage through life.” level — on a visceral level? What makes “We are all made by the same ma- people remember a place they’ve terial and we all eat under the same sky,” visited? What gives people that connec- he added. “These people just happen to tion that makes us human?” be a little bit unlucky.” Cultural groups increasingly seek to In documenting migrants, Mr. Beh- connect with their audiences these days rakis said he doesn’t consider himself an through electronic media, a topic fre- artist, but “a messenger.” quently touched on during the confer- “To me it’s important to tell the world ence. Chris Michaels, head of digital and what’s going on,” he said. “What you do publishing at the British Museum, said after you see the picture or read the his institution has had considerable suc- No sitting story — that’s up to you. But my job is to cess with e-commerce — 30 percent of Christo at the site of make sure that nobody in the world can all its sales happen online — down to “The Floating Piers” say, ‘I didn’t know.’” producing a bespoke rubber duck for in 2015. “Humans Christo declined to elaborate on his sale with every temporary exhibition. are not designed to recent decision to cancel his ambitious “You can have a Viking rubber duck, be sitting,” he said. public artwork in Colorado, which would you can have an Egyptian pharaoh rub- “All of our projects have temporarily covered over 42 miles ber duck,” Mr. Michaels said, to laugh- are about moving.” of the Arkansas River with a silvery can- ter. “I don’t think that’s demeaning to

ANDREA FRAZZETTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES .. 14 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION ART FOR TOMORROW

Dialogues on the arts

DOHA, QATAR Museum directors, artists and others gathered to discuss timely topics in art

BY THE NEW YORK TIMES The third annual Art for Tomorrow con- ference hosted by The New York Times DMITRY KOSTYUKOV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES in association with Qatar Museums from March 10 to 13, in Doha, Qatar, ex- plored the relationship between art and public life. Participants, from 30 coun- tries, included museum directors, gallery owners, curators, auction houses, collectors, entrepreneurs, in- vestors, financial institutions, lawyers, artists, architects, urban planners and government officials, as well as corpo- rate and civic leaders. Following are excerpts from some of the panels as transcribed by Red Pencil Editing and Transcription. They have been edited.

Opening remarks by Farah Nayeri, a YANNIS BEHRAKIS/REUTERS culture writer for The New York Times, who moderated a panel on museums HERMES IMAGES/UIG, VIA GETTY IMAGES and national identity: Museums used to be fusty old places where countries used to stash the art- Respect for other cultures can only be We always have seen artists having a was a new kind of audience coming to works that they had accumulated over learned when you see how cultures de- political role by either participating in the museum. the centuries. Today they are, as we veloped, how they inter-tangled, how demonstrations from the ’60s onward know, so much more than that. Since the they influenced each other. We have but sometimes separating their art from The artist Christo, with the moderator opening of the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Syrian refugees we are training for mu- the political aspects, or political partici- Roger Cohen, on his installation “The Spain, they have taken on a host of other seum guides — not only in the Museum pation. But I think when we speak about Floating Piers,” in Italy in 2016. Built roles. Museums have become repos- of Islamic Art but also in a museum for creating exhibitions that have a certain on Lake Iseo, the piers connected the itories of a country’s pride and symbols Christian art. And they are fascinated meaning, that carry a certain message, mainland with large and small islands of a country’s identity. Now, for cities understanding Christian art. And my there we have the possibility to interpret on the lake and created the feeling of and countries to feel good about them- dream is a Syrian refugee a few years works of art that were not even strictly walking on water. It attracted nearly selves, museums are constantly being living in Germany explaining a Chris- considered as political objects to play on 1.2 million visitors, twice as many as built, rebuilt or radically revamped. And tian sculpture to a Berliner. Our society a new interpretation, and to project a expected. as in the case of Bilbao, they sometimes becomes more and more complex and new discourse, to make people think in Q. What do you think explains that ex- have also taken on the almost impossi- multiethnic, multicultural, multireli- different ways. traordinary popularity? ble duty of regenerating areas that have gious, it’s important really to explain to And I think that’s again a role that the A. I think we are all humans, and we are LUIS TEJIDO/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY fallen into economic oblivion. each other what we are and where we museum can have as they become also all unique. And unfortunately today come from. This political issue is, I more popular and drag audiences that with all the electronic images, we try to Dr. Hermann Parzinger, president of think, the most important task for a mu- were not there earlier. I must say that in look the same. But actually we’re all didn’t seem that they are in immediate Global venues the Prussian Cultural Heritage seum. Portugal what I feel with the opening of unique. danger. And finally the Coast Guard Left, the Altes Foundation, which oversees all the museum in October, and the fact that And when we did this project, the peo- came, helped them. They came out and, Museum in Berlin. museums in Germany, including five Pedro Gadanho, artistic director of the in a city that has 500,000 inhabitants we ple knew it was something that was go- you know, we were doing high-fives and From top, Cyril on Museum Island in Berlin, which are Museum of Art, Architecture and had 150,000 visitors from October until ing to happen once in a lifetime. They selfies on the beach. So it was a tragic Kongo in his studio; being renovated: Technology in Lisbon: December. And so this meant that there know in advance that it was something moment, but with a beautiful outcome. a Yannis Behrakis unique — it never happened before. Q. Are these two notions compatible: photograph of They come to witness something be- tragedy and beauty? refugees, and a yond what you see all the time with elec- A. Yeah, you know, Spinoza said hope Pello Irazu work at tronic images, media, everything. You and fear come together. And I’ve seen the Guggenheim like to witness, to feel it. But at the very this. I’ve photographed this for many Museum Bilbao. bottom, all our projects, they’re physi- years, because I’m doing refugees. And cal. refugees is one of the most important — And I love the physicality. I love the excuse my expression — “products” of wind, I love the heat, I love the water, I war. So this is one of my main things. love all these physical things. I love to And I’ve been dealing with refugees. I touch. And this is the very important have refugee blood. My grandmother three-dimensional work of art, that came from Turkey. She was an ethnic physical relationship. Greek who came in 1922. And she was helped by the French Navy. So, you Chris Michaels, head of digital and know, I have refugee blood, and I feel for publishing at the British Museum, at them. And in this case it became a per- the Future Museum discussion: sonal project in the sense that these peo- In an ever more globalizing age, the abil- ple were coming to my country. ity to carry our message to a global audi- ence is an incredibly important one, and Daniel Tobin, a founder of Urban Art that requires investment both of time, Projects; Idris Khan, a London-based skill and of money. But we also have a artist, who created a memorial responsibility to try and drive income sculpture in Abu Dhabi; and Cyril streams on behalf of our museums. It’s Kongo, a Paris-based street artist, no mistake that digital is a way of participating in the Art in the making money for museums. Thirty, 40, Cityscape panel. 50 percent of all the sales transactions Mr. Tobin: I think the public space is one we will make now are from e-commerce. of the most contested spaces an artist And that doesn’t just happen by magic, it can work. And whether they commis- happens by method. sioned it by a private commissioner or The British Museum is only 30 or 40 by a city, or they put the art there them- percent funded by the government. If selves in a more subversive way, I think we want to continue to serve our audi- it’s just about having a dialogue with a ence, we have to find ways to bring that population. The thing that gets us out of money in. And sales and selling things, bed in the morning is how we make the in a very simplistic way, is the only way public realm better, how do we make a often you can do that. The British Mu- city more livable? How do you connect seum rubber duck is one of the great with people on an emotional level, on a items of merchandise in the world. You visceral level? What makes people re- can have a Viking rubber duck, you can member a place they’ve visited? What have an Egyptian pharaoh rubber duck. gives people that connection that makes us human? Yannis Behrakis, a Pulitzer-winning Mr. Khan: I think artists have, espe- Reuters photographer born and based cially in my occasion in Abu Dhabi, an in Greece, interviewed by Yorgos incredible responsibility to create some- Archimandritis, author, cultural radio thing for a country. It’s a memorial for producer and journalist: the soldiers who lost their lives, mainly Q. We will start with a photo. This is one in Yemen. And I felt a terrific responsi- of the most famous photos of Yannis’s bility to give a piece of art to the country that was on the front page of The New that would trigger an emotion when York Times some months ago. A photo people saw it. And even if people don’t that is tragic in its beauty, I think. What’s understand the actual structure itself, the story? my responsibility was to create a place A. I think it’s on 11th or 12th of August of reflection for everyone, for someone 2015. It’s on the coast of Kos, one of the to sort of feel that sense of loss. islands where refugees and migrants Mr. Kongo: I don’t need money. I start used to come. It’s a beautiful typical with nothing. I’m a political refugee. I summer morning in Greece, and this arrived in France with a fake ID, and raft is coming from Turkey, and it runs now I’m Kongo. It’s not about money. It’s out of petrol or something. So I called the about expressing myself. It’s about ex- Coast Guard to come and help. It was pressing the culture. It’s about art. It’s drifting. And I took some pictures with a about humanity. The real luxury is to get long lens. And it was a good feeling be- your choice, to take your time in what cause the weather was good and they you like.

On the map The Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology in Lisbon opened in October and drew 150,000 visitors in its first three months.

HORACIO VILLALOBOS/CORBIS, VIA GETTY IMAGES .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 15 ART FOR TOMORROW

At Art Dubai, a travel ban is ‘plainly wrong’

Speaking out DUBAI The Algerian artist Sadek Rahim, above, with his rug Artists reply with a installation at Art Dubai, and unified voice in a world Jouhayna Samawi, right, founding ‘turned on its head’ partner of the Ayyam Gallery. Both BY FARAH NAYERI are against Presi- dent Trump’s pro- Visitors to the Art Dubai fair this week posed travel ban. may have noticed a startling piece in- side the Al Marhoon gallery’s booth: a circular and fringed rug, hung back- ward and painted over with the Great Seal of the United States, an eagle in midflight beneath the words “E pluribus unum.” The work, “We Are the World” (2017), is by the Algerian artist Sadek Rahim. It was produced immediately after Presi- dent Trump’s election win, as a protest against his views on immigration and his foreign policy. The rug was originally made in the Syrian city of Aleppo. The eagle was re- produced by Mr. Rahim based on im- PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHRISTOPHE VISEUX FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ages he’s seen of rugs inside the Oval Of- fice. He used black shoe polish, he said, United States. moved them, Mr. Alfraji said he “felt rience,” he said, adding that it would not born in Syria and is now a Swiss na- as a nod to the Iraqi man who hurled a Laid out on the booth’s central table pain,” because it was unfair to target a be right to go if so many fellow Muslims tional, said that as a gallerist from the shoe at President George W. Bush in was an unframed landscape painting by country that had been destroyed by were unable to. Middle East, she was disgusted by the protest over the 2003 United States-led the artist Sam Samiee, 28, who lives in nearly three decades of war, sanctions Jouhayna Samawi, the Ayyam idea of a travel ban. invasion of Iraq. Amsterdam and Tehran. Mr. Samiee and conflict, which he said the United Gallery’s founding partner, said that al- “I think there’s a hostile environment The rug was hung in reverse “be- said that his planned collaboration with States played a big role in. though her son and daughter attend against all Arabs,” she said. “I don’t cause the world has been turned on its a filmmaker in Los Angeles — artist Mr. Alfraji, who has previously ex- college in the United States, she would think as a human being I should explain head,” Mr. Rahim said as he sprayed it talks, installations and other projects — hibited in the United States, said he not have encouraged them to study myself, especially if I’m doing a positive with rose water, in an allusion to the would be much harder if he could no would not return if he were invited there had she known that Mr. Trump thing. Our line of work is really about Rose Garden at the White House. longer go there. again. “I don’t want to have a bad expe- would be elected. Ms. Samawi, who was blending cultures.” “There was a time when we all counted Mr. Samiee said the ban would have a on the United States. We told ourselves “castrating” effect on the Western that if ever there was a flare-up some- world. He described creative people like where in the world, the United States himself as the cultural agents of the would be there, and we would all be West in Iran, “because we hold these saved. Now we have doubts.” Western values in our works, and we The price for the work: 10,000 euros have this Western way of living in Iran.” ($10,600). He said burning bridges made little Art Dubai started this week just as sense: “Art venues are always the place Mr. Trump’s executive order restricting for fast diplomatic networking. If you travel from the Middle East was sup- just deprive yourself of seeing those posed to take effect — and before it was people, your story will be so one-sided.” blocked on Wednesday night by a fed- On the other side of the fair was a eral judge in Hawaii. The order, signed large booth by the Ayyam Gallery, March 6, would ban entry for 90 days which was founded in Damascus in 2006 from six mostly Muslim countries, and and is now based here. The booth fea- would suspend all refugee admissions tured a solo show by Sadik Kwaish Al- Boundaries, Identity and for 120 days. fraji, an Iraqi multidisciplinary artist Most of the artists, curators and gal- who has been based in the Netherlands the Public Realm lerists attending the art fair here were since 1996, and now has Dutch citizen- from predominantly Muslim countries. ship. Many called the proposed ban xenopho- Covering the vast main wall was an bic, and said it would lead to the cultural old-fashioned-looking map of Baghdad isolation of the United States. made up of framed individual pho- March 10–13, 2017 At the booth of the Tehran-based Das- togravures of the city’s districts. Seen Doha, Qatar tan’s Basement gallery, Ashkan Zahraei, from a distance, the map, “In Search of the assistant curator, wore his cap back- Lost Baghdad” (2017), has the overall ward in a cluttered space designed to shape of the bald and faceless male fig- look like an artist’s studio — filled with ure that Mr. Alfraji frequently uses to framed and unframed canvases, crates represent himself. A black bronze sculp- and wooden benches, and the sus- ture of that figure was also on display. pended sculpture of a figure with wings. Mr. Alfraji said that the work related “To overgeneralize about a nation and to his central theme: nostalgia for the say ‘These people shouldn’t come here’ Iraq of his youth. It represented “the is plainly racist, and it’s plainly wrong,” fragmentation of a lost city,” Baghdad, said Mr. Zahraei, 28, who is from Iran, which he revisited in 2009 after more Thank you one of the countries included in the exec- than 20 years of exile, and found to be utive order. Mr. Zahraei, who was in San “the same, yet not the same.” Francisco for an art fair in January, said As for the proposed travel restric- The New York Times would like to take this opportunity to thank that under the proposed ban it would be tions, which originally placed nationals all the speakers, sponsors and participants whose contribution impossible for him to return to the of Iraq on the banned list but later re- and support have made Art for Tomorrow 2017 such a success.

We look forward to seeing you all in 2018.

Current events

Clockwise from In Association Headline Airline right, the artist Sam With: Sponsors: Partner: Samiee, who lives in Amsterdam and Tehran, and says, “Art venues are always the place for fast diplomatic networking”; a Host Bronze In Collaboration piece by Sadek Sponsors: Sponsors: With: Rahim, representing the White House on

an Oriental rug; and SAATCHI GALLERY - ART FOR TOMORROW the artist Sadik Kwaish Alfraji, with his work “In Search of Lost Baghdad.” Supporting Organizations: .. 16 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION ART FOR TOMORROW

Redefining Arab women in art

DOHA, QATAR Female artists are staking new ground in the way they are depicted

BY FARAH NAYERI The depiction of Arab women in art is a relatively recent phenomenon. For cen- turies, it was unconditionally banned; the only existing representations were 19th-century European fantasies of women lazing in harems. Now, women from the Muslim world appear frequently in painting, sculpture and photography, yet the issue remains fraught. A panel discussion at The New York Times Art for Tomorrow conference in Doha explored the subject of how Arab women are portrayed in art, with Lalla Essaydi, an artist who lives and works in New York and Marrakesh, and Touria El Glaoui, the founder of the 1:54 Contem- porary African Art Fair and the daugh- ter of the renowned Moroccan painter Hassan El Glaoui. Ms. Essaydi was born into a privi- leged Moroccan household. Her father had four wives and 11 children, and she

grew up in a predominantly female do- PHOTOGRAPHS BY INGRID PULLAR, COURTESY OF THE ARTIST mestic environment, where a woman’s role was defined as marrying and hav- Subtler visions Clockwise from above, “The Tea Ceremony” and “Portrait of Woman in a Garden” by Hassan El Glaoui of ing children. That is what she did ini- Morocco; Touria El Glaoui, his daughter; “Converging Territories #24,” by Lalla Essaydi. tially, moving to Saudi Arabia and rais- ing a family. But in the early 1990s, she went to France to study art and later real women from her family and entou- man, and to challenge the notion of hon- She worked in secret, and pho- moved with her children to the United rage reclining inside historic Moroccan or and family.” tographed at night. During one particu- States. palaces. Their faces, hands and clothes Speaking of herself and other women lar shoot, the police had to guard the lo- Ms. Essaydi’s works are a fusion of are covered with Arabic inscriptions. in the Arab world, she said, “We don’t cation “to protect me from my family be- Arabic calligraphy and the female form. During the panel discussion, Ms. Es- see ourselves in these paintings.” Her cause of the work I was doing. They did- They are also a riposte to the 19th-cen- saydi described her relationship with aim, she said, is to break the stereotype n’t understand. They were seeing this tury Orientalist paintings of Ingres, De- Orientalist art as complicated. While by “appropriating the imagery or the group of women together, and I was lacroix, and Jean-Léon Gérôme, which she was able to appreciate the beauty of style” of Orientalist painters. taking pictures, and they were question- were pure products of the imagination: those works, “I really cringe at their rep- Her conservative family, she said, ing the fact that I was taking pictures of semi-clothed concubines idly reclining resentation of the Eastern world and the was deeply suspicious of her artistic women in their domestic setting.” in the harems of powerful men. These degrading position of women in their practice. “I had a lot of trouble doing my Ms. El Glaoui spoke briefly of her ex- women were nameless and faceless ob- art,” she said. “When these Western work,” she said. “They were almost say- perience as the founder of the 1:54 art jects of male desire; they had no per- artists come to a world that they don’t ing that I was doing pornographic work fair, which is named after the 54 coun- sonality. know, and portray women as sexual vic- because I was working with women. So I tries of North and Subsaharan Africa. Ms. Essaydi’s artworks — a result of tims and the Eastern man as depraved, had to do it in such a way that they didn’t Yet her remarks focused mostly on her lengthy photographic shoots — show the effect is to emasculate the Eastern find out.” father’s portraits of women, which con- trast heavily with the depictions of the Orientalists. Mr. El Glaoui, who is now 93, had a fa- ther who objected to his pursuing a ca- reer as an artist, his daughter said. Yet the boy was so passionate about art that he kept a painting studio in his mother’s home. As a result, “the first models that he was able to reach out to without proper training were women from his entou- rage: his mother, his sister and the peo- ple assisting in the home,” she said. While she spoke, several of the portraits flicked by on giant screens: affectionate and loosely painted close-ups of women. VICTOR RAISON, VIA 154 In 1950, he enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and spent nearly 15 writing about my work, that validated years mastering his craft and learning it,” Ms. Essaydi said. “It’s accepted now disciplines like portraiture. But when he in Morocco.” returned home, he realized that “this “I had many exhibitions, and my work was not what his Moroccan audience is in the collections of the king himself,” was willing to appreciate and encourage she said. “People think that it is presti- him to do,” Ms. El Glaoui said. There gious, and it is, and I’m honored. But the were religious and cultural sensitivities most important thing for me is that the to the representation of figures on can- kind of work that I do is in the collection vas at the time, be they women or men. of the most powerful person in the coun- QATAR MUSEUMS So Mr. El Glaoui became known for try, who can actually do something to his colorful depictions of wild horses. help women.” SPRING PROGRAMME 2017 “Living in a Muslim country was part of Have Western views of Arab women the issue of why, probably, his portraits evolved? Not nearly enough, Ms. Es- were not as appreciated,” she said. “He saydi replied. always says to everyone that if you only “Western viewers are still seeing JR A RÉPERTOIRE know his horses, you don’t know his art.” Arab women as being oppressed and - Mr. El Glaoui has long been some- marginalized,” she said, when in fact 9 MARCH – 31 MAY 2017 thing of a hero in his homeland. In the they were “significant participants in case of Ms. Essaydi, recognition came the dramatic change in the Arab world.” Building 10, Katara, Cultural Village much more slowly, not least because of Ms. Essaydi said she hopes that her gender. through her art, she can “help break A RETROSPECTIVE (FROM 1963 UNTIL TOMORROW) “When my work started being known down stereotypes and expose people to DIA AL-AZZAWI in the Middle East and the media started new perspectives.” - UNTIL 16 APRIL 2017 Mathaf: Arab Museum Of Modern Art, Education City

A RETROSPECTIVE (FROM 1963 UNTIL TOMORROW) DIA AL-AZZAWI - UNTIL 16 APRIL 2017 QATAR MUSEUMS GALLERY ALRIWAQ Doha Corniche

PICASSO-GIACOMETTI - 22 FEBRUARY – 21 MAY 2017 Fire Station, Wadi Al Sail

IMPERIAL THREADS: MOTIFS AND ARTISANS FROM TURKEY, IRAN AND INDIA - 15 MARCH – 4 NOVEMBER 2017 Museum Of Islamic Art, Doha Corniche

COURTESY OF THE ARTIST AND OF EDWYNN HOUK GALLERY, NEW YORK AND ZURICH .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 17 science lab

Below, scanning electron microscope images of a dragonfly, top; a robber fly, center; and a killer fly show the large number of lenses on the robber fly’s eyes, and how they vary in size. At right, a robber fly waiting on a stick to hunt.

THOMAS SHAHAN

VISION QUEST With astounding eyes, the robber fly never misses Despite being just the size of a rice grain, robber flies, which scribed in a flying animal: About 30 centimeters from its live all over the world, are champion predators. prey, the robber fly slows, turns and approaches from behind. In field experiments, they can detect targets the size of sand And whereas humans have a single lens in each eye, the

SAM FABIAN grains from nearly two feet away — 100 times the fly’s body robber fly has several thousand lenses per eye. In the center of length — and intercept them in under half a second. They each eye, the researchers found, is a concentration of large, never miss their mark. Now a team led by scientists has forward-pointing lenses. “They basically have permanent started to unveil the secrets to the robber fly’s prowess. binoculars,” said Trevor Wardill, a research fellow at the Uni- The researchers observed a behavior never before de- versity of Cambridge. STEPH YIN

MOONSTRUCK DEEP LEARNING Orbiting Saturn, an Tragedy lays bare an undersea world enormous ... ravioli? On March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines while looking for wreckage. Flight MH370 vanished with 239 The maps reveal a region of NASA’s Cassini spacecraft took photo- passengers and crew over the Indi- startling topographical complexity, graphs last week of Pan, a diminutive an Ocean, triggering a search that with such unique features as an moon of Saturn, with a diameter of lasted nearly three years before it oceanic plateau called Broken about 20 miles, roughly the size of New was called off. Ridge. Before Flight MH370’s dis- York City. These are the clearest im- With undersea sonar, below, scien- appearance, only 5 percent of the ages ever seen of Pan, which is one of tists created 3-D maps of than southeast Indian Ocean had been Saturn’s shepherd moons. 100,000 square miles of seafloor mapped. NICHOLAS ST. FLEUR The verdict: It looks an awful lot like a floating ravioli, or maybe a wrinkled flying saucer. “I saw this picture, and I thought, that’s an artist’s conception,” said Carolyn C. Porco, a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, who leads Cassini’s imaging team. “Then I realized it was real.” KENNETH CHANG

M. AZÉMA ART HISTORY In ancient caves of Europe, humans told stories dot by dot In 1884, Georges Seurat placed dots Vézère Valley in France, above, a DAVID DARE PARKER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES atop a canvas to create an image of team recently discovered 16 lime- park-goers lounging along the Seine stone tablets left after a previous River in France. The technique was excavation. Images of animals, known as pointillism, and it seemed including a woolly mammoth, were “This is the SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE/JPL/NASA so new at the time. formed by a series of punctured But 38,000 years ago, people living dots, left, and, in some cases, carved biological process inside caves in southwest France connecting lines. that makes us ONLINE: TRILOBITES were doing something similar, ar- Similar images have been discov- Daily nuggets of science for mobile chaeologists say. ered in nearby caves in France and want to buy a readers. nytimes.com/trilobites In Abri Cellier, a cave site in the Spain. JOANNA KLEIN C. FRITZ bigger car or house or be

M. KOMMESSER/EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY MUDDY WATERS promoted at A lake the color of nail polish STARDUST MEMORIES work.” Building a universe Recently, the internet has been getting The lake at Westgate Park in Mel- Wolfram Schultz, a Scientists have detected the oldest neuroscientist at the University excited over a hot-pink lake in the bourne most likely gets sea salt under- of Cambridge, on the brain’s heart of Melbourne, Australia. Despite ground, from a nearby bay and estua- known space dust, above in an illustra- dopamine reward system. what science fiction nostalgia it may rine river, researchers said. tion. The light from galaxy A2744_YD4 conjure up, this is not a scene from As water evaporates from the lake, has been on its way to us for 13.2 billion “Ghostbusters” or “The X-Files.” its salinity increases to eight or 10 years, since the universe was only 600 It’s what happens when the only times that of the ocean. million years old. Even then, the dust thing living in a supersalty lake is a Algae in the lake start producing held tiny samples of the heavier ele- single-celled, salt-loving microbe that carotenoids, which help protect its ments needed eventually to form makes pigments called carotenoids. chlorophyll. JOANNA KLEIN planets — and us. DENNIS OVERBYE PARKS VICTORIA .. 18 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION Sports Rivals share more than knockout punches

BY WALLACE MATTHEWS Rev. Al Sharpton was born as well as the mines. Golovkin’s adult brothers, Sergei Yankee great Willie Randolph, who went and Vadim, took him to a boxing gym The distance between the hometowns of on to manage the Mets. when he was 10 and delighted in not only Gennady Golovkin and Daniel Jacobs is Brownsville is also where an inordi- the natural skill he displayed, but also vast, with 5,870 miles, including an nate number of prominent professional his obvious relish for the sheer combat ocean, stretching between Karaganda, boxers grew up, including Tyson, Rid- the sport required. Kazakhstan, and the Brownsville sec- dick Bowe, Zab Judah, Shannon Briggs It was there that a young Golovkin tion of Brooklyn. But on Saturday night, and now, Jacobs. During their formative discovered that his brutal, high-pres- the two will be separated by no more years, Brownsville was the kind of place sure boxing style could be his ticket out than 20 feet of canvas in a boxing ring. politicians used as shorthand for crime- of Kazakhstan. He came to understand And considering the kind of fight it is ridden urban decay. It remains one of that he could not box his way out of Cen- expected to be, the two are likely to the parts of Brooklyn that has not been tral Asia. spend most of their time a lot closer than reinvented. “From the beginning, I was more in- that. And it was in this challenging envi- terested in a traditional fight, a true Which is appropriate, because in spite ronment that Jacobs, a self-described fight,” he said. “Not just box. Destroy my of their obvious differences in ethnicity, “mama’s boy,” was raised by two women opposition. In Kazakhstan, you need background and fighting style, Jacobs — his mother, Yvette Jacobs, and his something to set you apart.” and Golovkin, who will meet to unify the grandmother, Cordelia Jacobs — after He got a bloody nose his first day in middleweight title at Madison Square his father left the family when he was 3. the gym and found it neither repelled Garden, have more in common than one “I don’t want to say it was a war zone,” nor deterred him. “I thought, O.K., this is might expect. Jacobs said of his neighborhood. “But I different. This is not like soccer or bas- Both were raised in environments in guess that’s what it was.” ketball. Not a game.” which toughness was not just a virtue, Jacobs’s introduction to fighting came And he found he thrived at it, the nas- but also a requirement. Somehow, both at the hands of his older brother, David, tier the better. “Boxing should not be of them, through upbringing, sheer who amused himself by using Daniel as like Ping-Pong,” he said. “No bing, bing, force of will or merely good sense were an occasional punching bag. “I didn’t bing.” able to avoid falling into the spiral of fail- need to go fight in the streets because I Twenty-five years later, Golovkin — ure their neighborhoods offered as a vir- had it in within my household in a who has never been knocked off his feet tual birthright. sense,” Jacobs said. “He was more of the as an amateur or a professional — says Both were schooled in the art of rough kid than I was. He was the one that bloody nose was the last time he can toughness by older brothers who recog- who brought the toughness out in me, I recall being hurt by a punch. nized the necessity of a hard outer shell. guess.” He also acknowledged that his broth- Both have faced, and overcome, intense And his introduction to boxing came ers often went out of their way to match personal setbacks. courtesy of a neighborhood bully who him against bigger and older boys, as a And for both of them, everything they bested him in a street fight. When Ja- test of not only his prowess, but also his have achieved so far won’t mean all that cobs learned the bully was training at a manhood. much without a victory on Saturday Police Athletic League gym a couple of “That is the way you grew up in Ka- night. BEBETO MATTHEWS/ASSOCIATED PRESS blocks from the Pitkin Avenue apart- zakhstan,” he said. “It wasn’t bad. It was Golovkin, 34, is widely considered one Gennady Golovkin, left, will meet Daniel Jacobs in a middleweight title unification bout at Madison Square Garden. ment building in which he grew up, he just life. Real life.” of the world’s best all-around fighters went to the gym seeking a rematch in Golovkin’s fraternal twin, Maxim, is a and is as intimidating to middleweights the ring with gloves on. permanent part of Golovkin’s entou- as Mike Tyson was to heavyweights 30 cobs turns out to be remains to be seen ter his diagnosis, he won the vacant “Within two weeks, we sparred, and I rage. Both were standout amateur box- years ago. For him, Jacobs, 30, is the last — Golovkin is, after all, a 7-1 favorite, World Boxing Association mid- Between them, Golovkin and actually beat the kid up,” Jacobs said. ers in Kazakhstan, both middleweights, obstacle that stands in the way of a with three of the four world mid- dleweight title in 2014 with a fifth-round Jacobs have knocked out 35 “After that, I never saw him in the gym and according to Golovkin at least, megamillion-dollar showdown with dleweight titles — but on paper, at least, knockout of Jarrod Fletcher. consecutive opponents over a again. I stuck with it. For me, it was love Maxim might have been the better of the Canelo Álvarez, the fight that Golovkin’s it is a matchup of real drama. One “To beat a guy like Golovkin, you have period of nearly seven years. at first sight. It was like nothing I ever two. people believe will catapult him to cross- fighter (Golovkin) specializes in not just to be mentally tough,” said Jacobs, experienced before. The grittiness of it, But because Gennady was born 15 over stardom. beating his opponents, but breaking whose nickname is the Miracle Man. the smells, people working hard, it was minutes before Maxim, when it came And for Jacobs, who beat a potentially them; the other fighter (Jacobs) is in- “And what guy could be tougher than the only blot on his 33-fight professional definitely an environment I knew I time to turn pro, it was decided that the deadly form of bone cancer that formed and emboldened by his strug- me, after what I’ve battled?” record. could stick with.” older brother would do so while the wrapped around his spine, and then gles and claims that “now I know that I No opponent has managed to last the “I can guarantee someone will get Golovkin is the son of a coal miner fa- younger one would remain behind, tend- came back to win a world championship, can’t be broken.” distance with either Golovkin or Jacobs knocked out,” Golovkin said when asked ther and a mother who has both Kazakh ing to their parents. a victory over Golovkin, known as Triple Jacobs believes the titanium rods in in nearly seven years. Between them, about Saturday’s fight. and Korean heritage. He had a similar “From what I’m told, this guy was G to fight fans and simply as G to his in- his spine are symbolic of the steel in his they have knocked out 35 consecutive The Brownsville section of Brooklyn experience in Karaganda, a place in in- technically better,” said Abel Sanchez, timates, would elevate his personal backbone, all of it stemming from an 18- opponents, 23 of them by Golovkin, who has spawned an unusual variety of pub- terior Kazakhstan that, in the Soviet era, Golovkin’s trainer, in reference to story from an inspiring footnote in box- month ordeal that had doctors doubting has not heard the final bell of a fight lic figures, good and bad. It was the was used as a punch line. Maxim. “But this guy wanted it more.” ing history to the kind of tale they make he would ever walk again, let alone fight. since 2008. The last time Jacobs failed to birthplace of the gangsters Mickey Co- During Stalin’s time, released “That door opened for me, and I go movies about. But ultimately he was fighting and win- knock out an opponent was July 31, 2010, hen, and Henry Hill and it is where Mur- prisoners and other perceived enemies through it,” Golovkin said. “Just like How competitive a fight Golovkin-Ja- ning again, and just over three years af- when he was stopped by Dmitry Pirog, der Inc. had its roots. It is also where the of the state were sent to work in its that. That’s my life.”

NON SEQUITUR PEANUTS DOONESBURY CLASSIC 1988

GARFIELD CALVIN AND HOBBES

SUDOKU No. 1803

WIZARD of ID DILBERT Created by Peter Ritmeester/Presented by Will Shortz by Will Ritmeester/Presented by Peter Created syndicate Times York The New by (c) PZZL.com Distributed KENKEN CROSSWORD | Edited by Will Shortz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Fill the grid so Solution No. 1703 that every row, Across 25 Longtime Cunard 45 “Death and the ___” 15 16 column 3x3 box Fill the grids with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or 1 Even faster than flagship, for short (Bosch painting in the and shaded 3x3 National Gallery of 17 18 box contains column, and so that the digits overnight 26 Polymer add-on? within each heavily outlined box Art) each of the Creator of Bluto and 19 20 21 22 8 27 The Allegheny and 46 Confusion numbers will produce the target number shown, by using addition, Wimpy Wabash, to the Ohio: 1 to 9 exactly 47 “The Cocktail Party” 23 24 25 15 From the heart, in Abbr. once. subtraction, multiplication or inits. division, as indicated in the box. Latin 28 Succession in a board 48 With 9-Down, 26 27 28 game For solving tips A 4x4 grid will use the digits 16 Heart hit sitcom of the and more puzzles: 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. 1980s-’90s 29 30 31 www.nytimes.com/ 17 He played an escaped 29 One for the record sudoku convict in “We’re No books 49 Prepare for a close-up For solving tips and more KenKen Angels” 32 33 puzzles: www.nytimes.com/ 31 “Clearly!” 50 It could be a blooper 18 Bad representation? kenken. For Feedback: nytimes@ 32 “How ludicrous!” 52 Like stars in a review 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 kenken.com 19 Bucket of bolts 34 Town in Connecticut’s 54 Longtime locals 41 42 43 Gold Coast 20 Central U.S.’s ___ 55 School address KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Plateau 37 Tweak 44 45 46 Copyright © 2016 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved. 56 Commoner contemner 22 Keys are found in it: 41 Rte. that ends in Abbr. 57 One of a pair a 47 48 49 22-Across gardener might wear 23 So-called “Caput Answers to Previous Puzzles 42 Lounge piece 50 51 52 53 Mundi” (“Head of the Down World”) 43 Competitor of Baker’s 1 Marine 10-legger Joy 54 55 24 Phrase usually 2 “Welcome to the abbreviated 44 River of York Jungle” singer, 1988 56 57 Solution to March 17 Puzzle 3 Marie Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie, e.g. PUZZLE BY ROLAND HUGET H A H A R A M P S G A M E 4 Line online 12 Set electricians 31 Whale facility 42 Think over E T A S A T A R I A M I S 13 Crow’s-foot, e.g. 33 Cat’s tongue L T R S M A D E T O L A S T 5 More than serious 45 Studio equipment L E D S I L L Y V I T A E 6 Org. for many 14 Aggressive poker play 34 Photoshop color 46 “The Outcasts of O N T H E S L Y J U L E P S residents 21 Aquarium denizen effect Poker Flat” author D O I N C O M E U P with horizontal 35 Predictably B A S E S A L A R Y E R R S 7 Go in and out of 48 Pandorans in middle management? stripes A N T E M P T Y F O R 36 Mozart contemporary “Avatar” M C A L L I S T E R S O P S 8 Mid-luxury Mercedes- 24 1991 Daytona 500 Antonio ___ winner Ernie 49 Distance unit E R I E R A P T O R Benz line 38 Honest or of about 30 inches A S B E S T O S P A R T I I 9 See 48-Across 25 Classroom command respectable course S H O S A P P Y L A B A N 27 Tickling response 51 European crested ___ K E A N T R I O S O N A T A 10 Be lousy 39 It ended after W.W. II 28 Coin at an arcade M E R E A A N D P G L E N 11 Form of the Italian 40 Like first drafts, 53 ___ Jiabao, 2003-13 E T D S S H E A F E L S E verb “to be” 30 Packing supply usually premier of China .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 19 Weekend

ROBERT MORRIS/ARTISTS RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW YORK; PHOTOGRAPH BY TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Robert Morris, above, with a recent work at the Castelli Gallery in Odd man in: New York City. At left, an untitled piece in which he used dirt as a A sculptor medium. forges ahead downtown scene made up of avant- The trail-blazing artist Robert Morris garde painters, musicians, dancers and performance artists. In this atmos- remains a consummate renegade at 86 phere, Mr. Morris built the seven large, plywood structures currently on long- BY PHYLLIS TUCHMAN term view at Dia:Beacon; they were first exhibited in his solo show at the fa- During his long, illustrious career, bled Green Gallery on West 57th Street Robert Morris has constructed sculp- in December 1964. Resting on the floor, tures that startle, question, challenge propped against walls, even hanging and flout expectations. Since the early from the ceiling, these smooth-surfaced, 1960s, he has made, in a range of ma- gray-colored sculptures are early exam- terials, spare, geometric forms; Dada- ples of the art movement — and aes- like objects; ephemeral works; land art; thetic — that became Minimalism. environments with sound systems that The time was ripe for change, and Mr. play scripted narratives; proto-selfies; Morris and his colleagues Carl Andre, dramatic pastel pictures with elaborate Dan Flavin, Donald Judd and Sol LeWitt sculpted frames; performance art; and, obliged. Intriguingly, none of these Min- not too long ago, a glass “Labyrinth” on imalists studied sculpture in art school. ROBERT MORRIS/ARTISTS RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW YORK; PHOTOGRAPH BY BILL JACOBSON the grounds of the Nelson-Atkins Mu- They never learned how to model in seum in Kansas City, Mo., that has be- clay, carve marble or weld metal. just one of many stops on his six-decade 40th Street, Mr. Morris’s status as a ren- versation with Mr. Morris, conducted in come a popular gathering place. This Mr. Morris set out to be a painter. journey through the art world. egade is more pronounced. Though “It is in old person and by email. body of work reflects Mr. Morris’s abili- While building props for his wife’s He also published polemical essays most lack bodies and heads, much less age that the ties as a consummate craftsman who performances, he created a solo for him- about the nature of sculpture in Artfo- faces, the meticulous way he modeled most Why plywood sculptures? possesses a fine-tuned intellect with a self with the Living Theater, featuring rum. To earn a master’s degree in art and cast cloaks, robes and mortuary extraordinary In November 1964, Richard Bellamy of- philosophical bent, the prowess of an ag- “Column,” his first important object. It history, he wrote a thesis on the work of shrouds while leaving many hollow fered me the Green space for December. ile athlete and the talent to draw like an was a tall rectangular box with a hollow Constantin Brancusi, the modern Roma- cores visible suggests they’re more like art is made.” I said yes, not knowing what I would do. old master. core; and he stood inside of it for several nian virtuoso. And, for many years, he statues than present-day structures. But of course I had been thinking about When Mr. Morris, who’s 86 and was minutes before toppling over. He almost was a popular art professor at Hunter And Mr. Morris has conveyed emotional and making a few large plywood works born and raised in Kansas City, and his got a concussion. But he had found his College. states in a way that emulates what he since “Column” of 1962. They were sim- first wife, Simone Forti, a dancer, moved métier. He became a sculptor. Though he More than anything else, however, admires in the art of Francisco Goya: ple to construct. Deciding which works to New York from the West Coast in 1959, has been a trailblazer, he has always Robert Morris liked to make things. He “Deft economy in depicting gesture and would go in the space was more critical, the couple became an integral part of a been the odd man out. Minimalism was has worked with lead, aluminum mesh, expression.” and I probably stewed over that awhile. mirrors, dirt, felt, steam and steel. In No- His days as a Minimalist, however, I made all the objects in a month, dis- vember, Mr. Morris recalled that when are not quite in the distant past. Like the mantled them, trucked them to 57th Donald Judd wrote in a review, “‘The works at Dia:Beacon, these sculptures Street, and nailed them back together. trouble with Morris’s work is that there stand directly on the floor, rest against Plywood was cheap, plentiful, stand- is not enough to see,’ I knew I was on the the wall, lie on the ground, hang from the ard and ubiquitous. It was unstressed as right track.” ceiling. an art material, an “ordinary” material Now, decades later, Mr. Morris has But emotion, not formal language, in the industrial world. The tools re- been revisiting earlier work. His latest sets the latest work apart from what Mr. quired to work plywood were common felt pieces, on view at the Castelli Morris executed earlier in his career. In and readily at hand; the skill required to Gallery’s uptown space, 18 East 77th November, in remarks he delivered at a manipulate them was relatively unde- Street, include provocative words like Dia benefit dinner, Mr. Morris sug- manding; carpentry was another “ordi- “paranoid,” “blackops” and “assassin” gested why. “We have only to experi- nary” everyday skill in the urban late in- cut into the thick, heavy material. And ence late Donatello or Cézanne or Titian dustrial milieu. an installation providing seating has or Goya to see that it is in old age that the Acknowledging the wall made the old-fashioned radios broadcasting a dia- most extraordinary art is made by those works more a part of the room, anchor- logue he wrote that echoes “Hearing” few survivors who realize how terrify- ing them to the walls as much as the Plywood struc- (1972), his scathing philosophical inqui- ing existence is,” he said, “and at the end floor. tures by the artist ry related to the Vietnam War. of life live totally in their art to escape I doubt whether most of the plywood at Dia:Beacon in With the multifigure groups on view this crushing world.” works of the early ’60s were abstract. Beacon, N.Y. ROBERT MORRIS/ARTISTS RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW YORK; PHOTOGRAPH BY BILL JACOBSON at Castelli’s new quarters at 24 West These are edited excerpts from a con- MORRIS, PAGE 23 .. 20 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION weekend living

When mothers hit back at bullies a brand new person. Maternal instincts to protect come Now, in the wake of the bullying, I was feeling like a brand-new person face to face with another instinct: seeking again. Unfortunately, that brand-new vengeance person was a lunatic. To be clear: I didn’t want to physi- cally harm my son’s bullies. I just Modern Love wanted to crush their spirits. I wanted them to feel tiny and powerless and stupid. I wanted them to cry sniveling tears in front of a crowd of jeering, BY SUSAN PERABO joyful classmates. Walking my dog late at night, my Many years ago, I threw a playground conniving obscured by the neighbor- ball at the head of a boy who was hood shadows, I concocted and dis- repeatedly dunking my young son missed dozens of outlandish plans, underwater. Before I threw the ball, I each with the approximate so- shouted at him to stop, but he phistication of a fifth-grade Halloween continued. I was at the other end of the prank. The main problem was that I pool, maybe a six-second swim away, simply couldn’t figure out the logistics but my 5-year-old son was gasping and of my vigilantism. If only I could be in pleading, and the fastest way to make a position to publicly humiliate the my point was to throw the ball. bullies — if only I had the kind of job I played college baseball. I have a that would make that possible. pretty good arm. If I were a barber, I could give them I nailed the older boy in the back of terrible haircuts, setting them up as the head and he cried out, spun around prime targets for other bullies. If I furiously to face me. I’m pretty sure he were a waitress, I could shake chile wasn’t expecting to see a middle-aged powder over their hamburgers, caus- woman in an unflattering swimsuit, but ing gagging and drooling, possibly there I was. even vomiting. Despite the awkward silence on the Alas, I was a college professor. Short pool deck, where family members of of mocking the clichéd nature of their both boys sat forward in their lounge bullying — “Four eyes? Seriously? Is chairs, I felt no shame or regret. I felt that the best you got, punk?” — my triumphant. I felt empowered. If I’d prospects for retribution were slim. had another ball within arm’s reach, I I also understood, even in my addled might well have thrown it too, for state, that to intervene might cause my emphasis. son added humiliation. If I openly A year or so later, my son was the retaliated, I could be feeding the bul- victim of teasing at school. It was lies a buffet of delicious, irresistible garden-variety name-calling, nothing material. The target on my son’s back extraordinary, just your generic first- would be seen from space: “Baby. grade flirtation with cruelty. But when Needs his mom to fight his battles.” the teacher informed me of it I went The thought enraged me even further. internally ballistic. Not only was my maternal protection My son was a bit gloomy though undesired, it was also now a legitimate clearly not traumatized. When I asked liability. him about it, he waved me off, seeming Going down this rabbit hole, and more troubled by my concern than by acknowledging the intense satisfaction the incident itself. But of course I was I got from these little revenge fantasies instantly and thoroughly unhinged; a against 7-year-olds, got me thinking switch flipped and suddenly I was that about the parameters of acceptable crazy woman in the pool again. But maternal behavior. Surely I was not where was my trusty playground ball? the first mother to have had these BRIAN REA And how was I supposed to protect my thoughts, but I couldn’t recall many son when I was absent from the scene instances of people discussing this I think that essentially the same is Did the boy ever try to dunk anyone dunk our kids now are impervious to of the crime? kind of rage openly — not actual moth- To be clear: I true in real life. We are uncomfortable again? (Not on my watch.) balls, no matter how true our aim. In The consensus among family and ers, and not fictional mothers, either. didn’t want to with mothers thinking horrible things, They laugh. They slap me high fives. retrospect, it was lovely to have those friends was that I was overreacting. It struck me that as enlightened as physically even under horrible circumstances. We They say, “You’re crazy!” But they say obvious villains, those specific names Had I really not anticipated that my we are about some of the gray areas of harm my son’s don’t want them to be cruel unless the it like a compliment, like wildly overre- to curse, those clear bull’s-eyes. The child might be picked on every so human nature, other gray areas seem cruelty is directed at someone who acting is a good thing. So maybe it’s dangers now are ones that lurk in the often? That dunking and name-calling inherently off limits. We are uncom- bullies. I just clearly deserves it. We are unnerved just a hypothetical mother that we shadows: shape-shifters, moving tar- were part of the package? That kids fortable with mothers who are not wanted to by maternal ugliness and malice and prefer to see exhibiting sound judg- gets. I have no satisfying fantasies of might occasionally be, you know, easily definable, with good mothers crush their selfishness that can’t be entirely justi- ment and proper behavior? defeating them. jerks? who sometimes think bad thoughts spirits. I fied or — even worse — satisfyingly Maybe it’s the idea of the good My son is now friends with his old Of course I had anticipated this. and even do bad things. resolved. mother we hold in high regard; but in tormentors. At 15, they call each other What I had not anticipated, what I had In the movies, if a mother is going to wanted them We don’t want mothers to throw actuality, in the unflattering swimsuit all sorts of terrible things; they are all in fact been utterly unable to antici- be bad, then we want her to be really to feel tiny balls at children’s heads, but we espe- of our own realities, we — at least as bullies and they are all bullied. In no pate, was how those things would bad — Texas Cheerleader Mom bad, and powerless cially don’t want mothers to want to children — are happy to have a mother time, they will be men. In a year, make me feel. Joan Crawford wire-hanger bad. Other- and stupid. throw a second ball, for punishment, who loves us so much she will behave they’ll be driving cars. This was not the first time that the wise, we prefer fictional mothers to be after the threat has passed. My ma- like a lunatic on our behalf. For now, though, they still need me. I intense emotions of motherhood had gently flawed and efficiently redeem- ternal instinct to protect my child in My personal lust for revenge against drive them to the movies. I pick them taken me by surprise. For the first able. We want their mistakes to be that swimming pool is forgivable; my those first-grade bullies didn’t last up from school in the rain. We get several years of my son’s life I had caused by misunderstandings, their maternal instinct for vengeance is not. long, at least not at that fever pitch. mochas at the Starbucks drive- been regularly astonished by moments shortcomings the result of a lack of At all. Life and parenthood quickly got more through. They’re pretty good kids, all of unbridled joy, moments so unlike confidence, like bringing store-bought Except, this: My children — my son complicated, because that’s what life of them, and the fact that I once anything I had known that each time I cookies to the potluck and trying to and his younger sister — love the story and parenthood do. As is the case with wanted to make them cry makes me experienced one — his hand curling pass them off as home baked. of me in the pool. They want to hear it all of our children, the threats my son feel a little guilty. closed around my index finger, his In fiction, wackiness is valued above again and again, relishing even the faced as a tween and teenage boy were But not that guilty. light-up sneakers flashing at the end of all in the flawed mother, because pain smallest details. nearly impossible to attribute to any the dark driveway, his bat finally con- caused by the wacky mother is not real What sound did the ball make when particular individuals, and name- Susan Perabo teaches writing at Dick- necting with the ball on the wobbly tee pain; it’s amusing, sitcom pain, and as it hit the boy’s head? (Thwuck.) calling became the least of my worries. inson College. Her latest novel is “The — I felt I was starting life over, step- such does not last beyond the episode How far did it ricochet? (Ten, maybe Even dunking, now 10 years past, Fall of Lisa Bellow,” to be published ping out of one life and into another as and leaves no scars on its victims. 12 feet.) seems almost quaint; the things that next week.

universities. It is a place that blossoms close, for a long time I did not dare to with a diversity of people from all over tell him that I was a Shiite. I knew that Faith vs. the world. I had never experienced he was not like some of his friends, anything like it. who sometimes were literally saying There were people from Pakistan as that they hated Shias and wanted to friendship well, and we often got together in hurt or even kill them — he never somebody’s room, cracking jokes in repeated those things. But it was very Urdu, discussing politics, comparing difficult to bring up. Qassim, 27. Doha, Qatar. life at home with our lives in Doha. One Thursday night, when classes There were Pakistanis from Lahore, were over, we went to one of our fa- Islamabad, even Karachi. Some were vorite places at Souq Waqif. We or- Lives Shias; everybody knew, but nobody dered shawarma, a few karak teas, cared. chapati and one mint-flavored shisha. One night, I went with some friends As the evening went on, and we kept to Al Ittihad Street to smoke shisha talking as usual, I decided to tell him. Qassim asked to be AS TOLD TO DMITRIY FROLOVSKIY tobacco, and that’s where I met Omar. “I wanted to share something with identified by his He was born in India but grew up in you,” I said as I gathered my courage. middle name to I moved to Qatar a few years ago, Qatar. He spoke Hindi and Arabic, had “Sure, go ahead.” He calmly kept protect his identity. after being invited to study at one of a thick black beard and wore a white smoking. the schools there. Born and raised in Arab thawb. He was unlike any Indian “I did not have a chance to tell you, Pakistan, I was excited for the experi- I had ever met. but I am Shia.” ence of living in Doha, although there Even within the student community, He paused before answering. were a few things I was concerned Indians and Pakistanis did not always “I do not care — you are my friend about. For one, the heat: In August, get along. But Omar seemed open- first and foremost.” when I was to arrive, the sun scorches minded and did not care about ethnici- His words came as a relief to me. the earth with temperatures well ty. We started to hang out quite often. We then finished dinner and headed above 100 degrees. I had also heard We went out smoking shisha to the back to the dorms. that in Qatar, my faith might cause Al Gharafa area or to Souq Waqif; The next day, I messaged and invit- problems. sometimes we met up with friends on ed him to smoke shisha in the Al Itti- In my country, although religion the grounds around the dorms. It was had area after I was done studying in matters a lot, and Sunnis and Shias still hot at night in September, as much the library. He read it but did not sometimes clash with each other as 80 degrees, but we liked sitting reply. because of beliefs, I never experienced outside and staying up talking until There was no news from Omar for any such conflicts. I am a Shia Mus- early morning. an entire week. I kept messaging and lim, while most of my friends from After a few months, we got very calling him, but nothing came back. Pakistan are Sunnis. They all know close, and were open to discussing all Finally I received a long message that I am Shia, but being friends mat- sorts of issues: politics, India-Pakistan from him. One phrase struck me the ters most, and nobody cares about the relations, traditional marriages — we most: “I could not be friends with rest. In Qatar, where things were talked about everything. We discussed someone like you.” I tried to call him different, I tried to be as cautious as women a lot; Omar was older and keen again right after reading it, but he possible. on marrying soon. But he did not want blocked me everywhere. I was fascinated by Doha, with its to marry an Indian girl from Doha. He Since that time, I have not spoken to glittering area around the corniche, thought they were spoiled. He hoped Omar again. I am likewise more con- the long waterfront promenade, and I his parents would introduce him to cerned about my faith. Not everybody very much enjoyed living near several somebody from home. here, I now realize, is as open as the American, British, French and Qatari ILLUSTRATION BY MELINDA JOSIE He was Sunni, and despite our being people I know in Pakistan. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 21 style weekend

Populism, politics, pearls and pants

along the lines of this one from People in the spotlight find out ledauphine.com: “The very expensive clothes of François Fillon.” the hard way that they need to be Then it transpired that Ivanka Trump’s fine jewelry line was no more, careful what they wear (and sell) having been, depending on how you look at it, shut down or transformed into Ivanka Trump Fashion Jewelry Arnys, the tailor that LVMH acquired (i.e., no longer involving precious gems in 2012 to merge with Berluti, its men’s and metals, created with a different wear label. Cue multiple headlines licenser, and instead of costing $428 to $47,000, costing $28 to $198). Both of these developments under- score an unavoidable reality about life Vanessa Friedman in the public eye: With populism on the rise, what politicians and their families wear (or put their name on) increas- ingly has a dollar, or euro, sign UNBUTTONED attached. And therein problems may lie. Price sensitivity isn’t limited sim- ply to objects on shelves in stores; it STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES It’s been a complicated week for poli- now goes with wardrobes, too. Better ticians and luxury fashion on both take it . . . well, into account. of the Ivanka Trump product portfolio fact that he would wear very expen- probably based more on constituency Ivanka Trump with sides of the Atlantic. Ms. Trump apparently did. After all, — the clothes and bags and shoes — it sive suits is not a surprise. (Besides, than aesthetics. (Note: He still came in her husband, Jared First, François Fillon, the embattled though the general attitude toward any brings it in line with what is emerging Le Corbusier wore Arnys, too; 20th on GQ’s best-dressed list.) Kushner, and three conservative candidate for president of Trump-related product these days is to as the Ivanka Trump personal port- François Mitterrand used to wear its Historically, we want our elected children. She has France, currently lagging in third place treat sales as a referendum on the folio: the issues of child care, working hats.) The problem is that he would get officials and their families, especially discontinued her and charged on Tuesday with embez- president and whether people are parents and sacrifices made. someone else to pay for them, espe- the family members who are most fine jewelry line zlement, was accused by Le Journal du buying the lines he (and his family) Rhodium plate is consistent with her cially when he is in the midst of push- often photographed next to them, to and gone down- Dimanche of having received “pre- are selling, note that, according to a message in a way that diamonds and ing an austerity plan. represent their countries as elegantly scale. sents” in the form of 13,000 euros statement from the brand’s president, 24-karat gold would not have been. Taken together with current allega- and admirably as possible, while at the (about $13,880) in custom suiting from Abigail Klem, the decision to discontin- This was probably first brought home tions that he enriched family members same time representing the electorate ue the fine jewelry had nothing to do to Ms. Trump during the outcry over by employing them in nonexistent jobs, as genuinely as possible. And these with revenue generation, but rather her appearance on “60 Minutes” in a the clothing freebies underscored the two imperatives often come into con- had been made “as part of our compa- $10,800 bracelet from her own line, one perception that he is elitist and cor- flict, especially as the factions they ny’s commitment to offering solution- her company subsequently marketed rupt. His response to the revelations — serve grow further and further apart. oriented products at accessible price (oops). Then there was the contro- in an interview published in the news- While this has been an issue in the points.” In other words, to make the versy over her appearance in January paper Les Echos, he effectively said past (see Nancy Reagan and the scan- jewelry consistent with the rest of the in a $4,990 silver Carolina Herrera “so what?” — did not help. (Arnys had dal of her request for free suits when brand’s positioning. evening dress just after her father’s no comment on the situation.) she was first lady and, at the opposite The question being: Which brand? travel ban on immigrants and citizens Meanwhile, Mr. Fillon’s closest com- extreme, the complaints when Ros- Because, according to a company of seven countries took effect. petitor, the independent candidate alynn Carter, during the 1970s reces- François Fillon is spokeswoman, this decision was ac- Mr. Fillon, on the other hand, has Emmanuel Macron, now believed to be sion, recycled her old dresses; also the accused of receiv- tually made back in December. That is, something of the opposite problem: the front-runner, is known for wearing hoo-ha around Sarah Palin’s campaign ing “presents” of after Ms. Trump had separated her His gift suits are consistent with a suits by Jonas et Cie, a favorite of wardrobe), it has never been quite as custom clothing. personal social media accounts from message; it’s just the wrong one. many local diplomats, which sell for microscopically chronicled, as undeni- her brand’s social accounts, but before Mr. Fillon was voted 15th of the 20 €340 to €380 ($363 to $406). This is a able or as generally accessible as it is she had taken a formal leave of ab- best-dressed men in France last year choice he made after formerly wearing today. sence from the company. Which is by French GQ and is known for his custom suits from Lagonda, which Want to know how much your lead- interesting. Because segueing away penchant for red socks from Gam- retail from €800 to €1,200 ($854 to er’s clothes cost? Look it up on Google. from high-end jewelry doesn’t just marelli, the Italian company that also $1,281), during his earlier career as an Budget negotiations may never be

ERIC FEFERBERG/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES bring the collection in line with the rest makes socks for the Vatican. So the investment banker — an exchange quite the same.

‘Editor’ to take creative reins

BY VANESSA FRIEDMAN space, a market based on the idea of ac- cessibility of both price and aesthetic. In a world where content is king, can a “Cool,” after all, is, by definition, a niche magazine editor replace a creative di- concept: Once a cool product is widely rector? Andrew Rosen, chief executive embraced, it’s usually no longer cool. of Theory and of Helmut Lang, thinks Mr. Oliver, for his part, is known for so. being something of an urban provoca- By using Helmut Lang — the min- teur, thanks to his in-your-face, “post- imalist label that helped define the 1990s gender” streetwear. Though Hood by and that was reinvented as a contempo- Air received a special prize in the 2014 rary brand when its founder left and the LVMH Prize for Young Fashion Design- Prada Group sold it in 2006 to Fast Re- ers competition and the next year won tailing, where Mr. Rosen is a group sen- the Swarovski Award for Men’s Wear at ior vice president — he is putting his, the CFDA Awards, he is largely a fash- well, theory, into action. ion world phenomenon and not neces- Instead of naming a designer to the sarily that well known outside it. brand’s top creative spot (as creative di- “Is Shayne only Hood by Air?” Mr. rector, artistic director, chief creative of- Rosen asked. “Just because he does one ficer or any of the other titles that have thing at his brand doesn’t mean he has come to be synonymous with “de- to do the same thing at Helmut Lang.” signer”), Mr. Rosen has named Isabella Mr. Oliver’s “special project” — a one- Burley, editor of the British youth cul- off for both men and women — will be ture magazine Dazed & Confused, to the unveiled in September and will go on new post of “editor in residence.” Huh? “It’s exactly what it sounds like,” Mr. Rosen said by telephone from Tokyo. In effect, Ms. Burley will be in charge of all creative aspects of the brand, from digital content to working with the in- house design team, and engaging in a variety of “special projects” with collab- orators, the first of whom will be Shayne Oliver, founder of Hood by Air. Which sounds a lot like a creative director. But no, Mr. Rosen said, “I don’t see this as a creative director at all.” ALESSANDRO GRASSANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES “Creative directors come and go,” he said, in a direct reference to the current, and seemingly endless, round of de- sale around November or December Shayne Oliver at signer musical chairs now roiling fash- and will be followed by other the Hood by Air ion and the increasing lack of loyalty on collaborations. showroom in the part of designers and their corporate As it happens, this sort of reinventing- Milan in 2015. kin. “This gives me more flexibility.” the-system strategy has been tried be- “I’m interested in the idea of multiple fore, albeit in different ways. In 2016 voices,” Mr. Rosen said. “Why stay with Brioni made a big deal about thinking the status quo? I believe there are op- out of the box when it came to choosing a portunities to do things outside the sys- new creative director, naming Justin tem.” Helmut Lang — a brand with a his- O’Shea, a former buying director, to the tory of changing things, including mov- post. He lasted a whole six months. ing its show to New York from Europe — In 2013, Diego Della Valle conceived “gives us the permission to be innova- Schiaparelli as a similar “creative fac- tive,” he added. tory” venture: a brand with “guest Mr. Rosen said he began to feel that stars” that would design special col- the old model was not working in 2014, lections once a year alongside a creative when the creative directors at the time, director. His first collaborator was Nicole and Michael Colovos, departed Christian Lacroix, and that idea lasted and he began rethinking his options. Mr. . . . about a year. So he returned to the Rosen liked Ms. Burley’s connection to traditional model with Marco Zanini as readers and to those elusive consumers creative director (Mr. Zanini has since known as millennials. been replaced by Bertrand Guyon). To this end, she is staying in London The risk of such a strategy is that en- and at her magazine job and is traveling gaging many different, powerful voices, once a month or so to work with the Hel- with different perspectives on a brand mut Lang team and others in New York. will create not just newness but also Mr. Oliver is the first. confusion. Indeed, the dual choices of Ms. Burley “That’s the editor’s job!” Mr. Rosen and Mr. Oliver seem a bid to make Hel- said. “To control the message and keep mut Lang both younger and cooler. it focused, the way you do in a maga- It is also, however, an unexpected ap- zine.” The bada bing bada boom was im- proach for a brand in the contemporary plied. .. 22 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION weekend art

Don’t just look. Do. As more museums weigh their role in social activism, some are mounting shows that urge visitors to become agents for change

BY KERRY HANNON Sex trafficking and an art exhibition may seem like an incongruous pairing. In May, though, the Patan Museum, a Unesco World Heritage site in Nepal, will host “The True Stories Project,” pre- sented by Art Works for Change, a non- profit based in Oakland, Calif., in col- laboration with the Siddhartha Founda- tion, based in Kathmandu. The ex- hibition aims to address the disturbing and often below-the-radar problem of the trafficking of girls as sex slaves. “This is a human rights issue and a women’s issue,” said Randy Jayne Ro- senberg, executive director and chief curator of Art Works for Change. “It’s an uncomfortable, powerful art exhibition. And it’s a way to raise awareness on this serious global problem of abuse and ex- ploitation of children.” Although Ms. Rosenberg’s group has been around for 10 years, the work it does has probably never been more rel- evant. In addition to the project on sex trafficking and exploitation of women and girls, her organization works on projects that focus on biodiversity and the importance of nature; shelter in re- Clockwise from sponse to climate change; ethics; and left, Ang Tsherin the extinction of animal species. Sherpa’s untitled “When we started Art Works for work for “The Change, there weren’t a lot of content- True Stories driven or thematic shows,” Ms. Rosen- Project,” which berg said. “There was this impression explores the sex that those types of exhibitions sacrificed trafficking of girls; the art for the theme, and the art may Antonio Briceno’s not be museum-quality.” diptych “Wetlands, That has changed significantly. “To- Millions of Pieces: day, there’s a lot of great work with One Puzzle,” from artists addressing critical issues of our 2010; a 1985 poster time,” Ms. Rosenberg added. “There are by the Guerrilla social situations in the world that are Girls; and Randy deeply affecting people. Our goal is to Jayne Rosenberg use art that is engaging emotionally and of Art Works for intellectually to inspire viewers to be Change, in Oak- agents of change.” land, Calif. In recent years, museums have been ANG TSHERIN SHERPA, VIA ARTWORKS FOR CHANGE making a greater effort to have a voice in social activism and respond to press- ing problems of the day. The big ques- tion is when and how art museums should take a public position and try to effect change, or at least initiate a com- munity discussion on a topic. Many museum specialists are guarded about their public relationship with contentious social issues and have usually refrained from taking a stand. To do so could close them off to potential audiences who might sense bias, or put their institutions at risk of being identi- fied by potential donors as supporting politically offensive viewpoints. Still, Jen Mergel, senior curator of contemporary art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, said: “My job as a cu- rator is to make decisions about what to include, or what to show and what not to, and who to represent in our galleries for our public, and I see that as a political decision. The role of the museum is to present art, prompt dialogue.” ANTONIO BRICENO, VIA ARTWORKS FOR CHANGE In February, the Museum of Fine Arts “There was began exhibiting a rotation of posters this from its collection by the Guerrilla Girls, impression the feminist activist artists’ group, that those whose members have always been anonymous. Collaborating since 1985, types of they offer commentary on gender and exhibitions racial discrimination in the art world, sacrificed the but also make observations on topics art for the like homelessness. Their imagery and commentary originally appeared as ad- theme.” vertisements, signs, placards and fliers for buses and bulletin boards. Eight posters from the museum’s 88- piece portfolio have gone on view as part of the exhibition “Political Intent.” Ms. Mergel’s favorite is an enlarged print of a dollar bill with a dotted line marking off about one-third. The text below is: “Women in America earn only two-thirds of what men do. Women artists earn only one-third of what men artists do.” Ms. Mergel said: “You can’t un-see it. It’s not just the condition of women artists, but women across the country. To me, artists like the Guerrilla Girls are putting an idea forward that is timely and urgent, manifestations that really speak to the zeitgeist of the time.”

New museum-sponsored activism is GUERRILLA GIRLS/MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON showcasing art not just in museum set- tings, but also on the streets. videos documenting their experiences, CeCe McDonald, made by Andrea Bow- “The community becomes part of the inspired by visits to the city’s public ers, an artist based in Los Angeles. In process, part of the storytelling,” said spaces. The evolving work is available 2012 Ms. McDonald was sentenced to 41 Ms. Rosenberg of Art Works for Change on the project’s website, personofthe- months in a men’s prison in Minnesota in Oakland. “When we bring a show to a crowd.org, and projected inside the An- for manslaughter. Called “Trans Libera- museum, we look for community-based nenberg Court of the Barnes Founda- tion: Building a Movement,” it’s an ar- partners, or ask museums to play that tion. resting photograph, nearly 8 feet high role in the outreach and utilize what ac- One challenge for museums in cali- by 5 feet wide, which was acquired by tivist groups already exist in the com- brating their social activism is the pati- the museum last June. munity. We’re not an activist group. We BRIAN FLAHERTY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES na of elitism that clings to them. “What we put on view does matter,” are an arts group.” “We, of course, are aware of the per- Ms. Mergel said. “Bowers uses this im- In Philadelphia, the Barnes Founda- series of performances on the city’s Man Bartlett, a New York-based mul- ception of institutions like museums as age to raise awareness of the social dis- tion is showcasing how more than 50 in- streets by artists like Sanford Biggers, tidisciplinary artist, is recording the being elite and not for all audiences,” crimination against transgender wom- ternational artists engage with commu- an interdisciplinary artist based in street performances throughout the run Ms. Mergel said. “I personally believe en. Amazing conversations between our nities in “Person of the Crowd: The Con- Harlem who works in film, video, sculp- of the exhibition and inviting people to we’re already acting on this. The part- museum visitors happen just in front of temporary Art of Flânerie,” through ture and music, and Tania Bruguera, a share their opinions of city life via social nerships we reach out to in our commu- CeCe. If the image can make someone May 22. The artists’ works touch on such Cuban performance artist. Billboards media, using the hashtag #personofthe- nity are already bringing a more diverse see something more discerningly, and issues as gentrification, gender politics, and street poster projects by artists are crowd. audience into the galleries.” with curiosity, instead of phobia — that globalization, racism and homelessness. also part of the exhibition and entertain- Mr. Bartlett is also working alongside Ms. Mergel described an archival pig- translates into our social lives. And that “Person of the Crowd” also includes a ment. Philadelphia-area teenagers to create ment print of a transgender woman, makes me feel very hopeful.” .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 23 film weekend

The new world of documentaries is looking rightward cial ills, government malfeasance and American investors and festivals alike the plight of the disenfranchised. “But if you’re talking about mar- are on the hunt for conservative voices ginalized groups, there’s no question the white working class should count BY JOHN ANDERSON among them,” he said. “So if there’s a filmmaker with integrity who comes Three of the 10 top-grossing political from a red-state world and a red-state documentaries ever are the work of the perspective and who wants to tell a dif- right-wing polemicist Dinesh D’Souza. ferent kind of story, I want to find that JORDAN FREEMAN/ABRAMORAMA The most powerful documentarian in person and make a movie with them.” the country is the White House adviser What would that movie look like? In Above, a scene ite when he made ‘Hoop Dreams,’ ” the touches on the old debate over whether examining and confronting new ideas,” A red-state Stephen K. Bannon. Still, the rap on doc- today’s America, one person’s social from Mari-Lynn C. director Marshall Curry said, referring artists in general skew liberal. Mr. Wilson said. “That’s a rare thing on filmmaker? “I umentaries is that they preach to a left- malady can be another’s sacred tradi- Evans’s most to the Chicago basketball documentary “People who tend to be sensitive to both sides of the fence.” want to find leaning choir, one still trying to figure tion, and feelings are easily bruised. recent documenta- of 1994. “And most of the films about mis- the experiences of others have a more “I don’t think the path forward is that person out how Donald J. Trump was elected. “It’s fabulous to know that the outside ry, “Blood on the understood and overlooked groups are open and broad perspective and tend to ‘Let’s make different movies,’ ” he add- To that end, the American documen- world has finally heard about us hillbil- Mountain,” about made by people who aren’t part of that be more progressive as a result,” Mr. Co- ed. “The path forward is to engage more and make a tary establishment — financiers, festi- lies and want to come down and help us,” West Virginia coal group.” gan said. “And artists are very empa- ideologies with the movies we do make.” movie with vals, filmmakers — has begun a deter- joked the West Virginia-born filmmaker mining. “Outsiders notice things about us that thetic people.” But such engagement takes strategy, them.” mined effort to support films made by, Mari-Lynn C. Evans. Her most recent we take for granted and don’t notice our- Michael Pack would partly disagree. said Arlie Russell Hochschild, a Na- for or about the other side of the political film, “Blood on the Mountain,” may be selves,” he said. “De Tocqueville was Now president and chief executive of tional Book Award finalist for divide, one that they themselves say what Mr. Cogan, Ms. Jackson and others able to write the most important book on the conservative think tank the Clare- “Strangers in Their Own Land,” for they’ve failed to bridge. The objective have in mind: a history of West Virginia American culture because he was mont Institute, and a veteran documen- which she spent five years in Louisiana may be more about political conversa- coal mining that excoriates the coal in- French.” tarian (“Rickover: The Birth of Nuclear studying Tea Party followers and social tion than conversion, but the wish to en- dustry, ennobles the coal miner and is Mr. Curry’s 2010 film, “Racing Power”), he’s a former senior vice presi- politics. Does she think the nation’s two gage the “other” in a Trump world raises told by someone from that culture. Dreams,” is about go-kart racers with dent for programming at the Corpora- sides can be brought together? “Abso- questions about why nonfiction cinema “Hearing that story from someone liv- Nascar ambitions. It examines a kind of tion for Public Broadcasting, where he lutely.” speaks largely to the like-minded and ing in that community adds a level of so- regional, cultural phenomenon usually was pitched projects that skewed right But she said she would advise film- liberal. phistication and nuance that we don’t ignored by American documentaries. and left — but mostly left. “I do not be- makers who want to capture more con- “Any cultural organization at the mo- get from people who just sort of helicop- Arguably, others include “Hands on a lieve that there are more left-wing film- servative audiences to use a different ment is thinking, what can we do bet- ter in and then pull out,” said Simon Kil- Hard Body,” about Texans competing in makers because creative talent exists cast of characters, and different lan- ter?” said Tabitha Jackson, director of murry, executive director of the Interna- a sleep-deprivation endurance test to only on the left and not on the right,” he guage: For a climate change film, for in- the documentary film program at the tional Documentary Association. win a pickup truck; and “We Always Lie said. “In my analysis, the documentary stance, tell them “we need to be free Sundance Institute. “We’re in the busi- It’s very easy to imagine well-mean- to Strangers,” about Branson, Mo., the producers tend to be left of center, but from these increasingly harsh hurri- ness of communications, and there ing, left-leaning nonfiction filmmakers entertainment destination. that begins with film schools. I don’t canes.” seems to be a communications failure in trying to bridge American cultures by There may, in fact, be no real shortage think it’s a conspiracy, or a hard bias.” Is that pandering? “It does suggest this nation about how we talk to each making movies that patronize the very of such documentaries. “I think that There are other explanations. “If we’re having to leave our own moral other.” audience they’re trying to reach. Some docs are sometimes perceived to be left- making money is a conservative value,” grounding,” she said. “But given the Dan Cogan, executive director of Im- films become “almost anthropological,” leaning as a way to discredit them,” the the filmmaker David Wilson said, “docu- people I’ve talked to, if you get right in pact Partners, said it was important now said Cara Cusumano, director of pro- Oscar-winning documentarian Alex mentary filmmaking isn’t how you do it.” front of them, they’re distressed that to let filmmakers know that “all perspec- gramming at the Tribeca Film Festival, Gibney said by email. “Of course, many Mr. Wilson, co-director of “We Always there’s a big gap, too. And there are a lot tives are welcome.” His group invests in “as they assume the audience is an out- docs are left-leaning. But some docs are Lie to Strangers,” is also a founder of of crossover issues. Child care would be 10 to 12 documentaries a year — work sider to the P.O.V. being represented, about individual rights — lefties call True/False, the Columbia, Mo., film fes- one. Reducing prison populations would that has ranged from the recent, Oscar- and there are often varying degrees of these human rights — and moral con- tival that has maintained a partnership be another. How to talk to them? Use nominated “The Eagle Huntress” to the implicit and explicit critique.” cerns that aren’t political, as in Dems with the evangelical Christian church people like them. And speak to, and pronuclear “Pandora’s Promise.” He ac- But it’s also true that a culture can be versus G.O.P., at all.” the Crossing. through, their rhetoric.” knowledged that documentaries had be- illuminated by the lens of an outsider. But there does seem to be a shortage “We’ve found that what makes the re- “What it means,” she said, “is ad- come synonymous with correcting so- “Steve James was a white suburban- of red-state filmmakers, something that lationship work is a shared interest in dressing them where they live.”

“Gypsy Moth,” one of Mr. Morris’s “Felt Works,” at Dia:Beacon.

ROBERT MORRIS/ARTISTS RIGHTS SOCIETY (ARS), NEW YORK, VIA CASTELLI GALLERY, NEW YORK

earlier pieces? I can imagine you saying, “If anything is A sculptor still abstract, those ‘Felt Works’ are.” And all I can reply is: “I think of the ‘Felt Works’ as the Mother. Soft, large, enfolding, and blazing trails at 86 yes, unpredictable, too.” Well, that is a lame answer, but it is the best I can do. MORRIS, FROM PAGE 19 She didn’t like me swearing or throw- “Columns,” “Slabs,” “Portals” — these ing rocks, but mothers have to make “geometric” objects referenced parts of some exceptions for unruly children. buildings. In recent years, have you been more Wasn’t it daring to place a sculpture in inspired by old masters rather than the corner of a room back then? contemporaries? I assumed viewers, anyway some, I studied with Ad Reinhardt in the ’60s, might walk up to “Untitled (Corner and he has been a constant inspiration, Piece)” and see it had sides. The object but I suppose that by now he is in the sat away from the two walls as well as category of old master, as is Duchamp, floated above the floor a few inches. whom everyone has drawn on. Some of I suppose the question “Why?” might the ’60s drawings quoted Leonardo, but Left: Victor Pasmore, Abstract in White, Black and Maroon, 1962 be asked. But I would rather short-cir- yes, the “Carbon Fiber” figures quote Right: George Rickey, Unstable Square Variation No. 3, 1971 cuit the question and hide behind Goya and Rodin and allude to [Claus] Chekhov’s remark that art should ask Sluter, [sculptor of the medieval “Well of questions rather than give answers. Moses” in Dijon, France]. Why, I don’t The plywood works got nicknames know, but these artists feel closer than like “Cloud,” etc., and were officially ever now. “Untitled.” Nevertheless, I always knew they were tainted with the “representa- Now that you’re in what’s considered tional.” And not just tainted, but in- the late-style phase of your career, do tended to be impure. I was an abstract you truly see art and, even more, the artist as a painter in the ’50s. I’ve never human condition differently? been an abstract sculptor. What constitutes a late style? Is it more than what an artist does in old age? Ed- Wasn’t it a stretch to execute a sculp- ward Said thought he saw some old Stand highlights include works by Frank Auerbach, ture from dirt? artists letting go and daring to do what I have always worked in more than one they would not have when younger. Who Victor Pasmore, Pablo Picasso, Paula Rego and George Rickey. direction at a time. As the scorpion said can say? But I don’t think I see art differ- after stinging the frog ferrying it across ently now than I did years ago. As for in- the river, “It is my nature, what can I sights into the human condition, I think I do?” am the same pessimist I always was. Dirt is dirt, grease is grease, and bits of wire and metal are just that. I don’t Are there things that can be expressed see the work as “abstract,” but concrete. only with figurative sculpture? I don’t know if you are asking, “What Have my “Columns” evolved into fig- does it represent?” ures? When I fell over in the first Of course “Dirt” is more than dirt. It “Column” in 1962, was I desperate to get speaks to the ongoing dialogue that we out? Or is it only now in old age when the Stand 3E16 call sculpture, what we take sculpture to creaking of the body can’t be ignored be, what we think it can be. Duchamp es- that it insists on full recognition? Now www.marlboroughlondon.com tablished the nominalism of art and that I can’t do a back flip, do I need to changed the question from “what is make a figure leaping to remember? [email protected] art?” to “is it interesting?” Are all these dark figures out of the past? Or are they coming to remind me Are your latest “Felt Works” related to of what is on the way? .. 24 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION weekend real estate

Above the din in the tropics the landscaped yard, which has a pool House Hunting In . . . and a wooden yoga deck with seating. Costa Rica There is a two-car garage and an attached carport that can shelter four BY VIVIAN MARINO vehicles. The four bedrooms are on the top A SPANISH COLONIAL HOME NEAR floor. The en-suite master has a walk-in THE CAPITAL CITY closet and a balcony offering city views. $1.75 MILLION “The social areas are great for enter- This four-bedroom, five-bath Spanish taining,” Ms. Murillo said, “but the bed- colonial is in Escazú, about five miles room area is very private.” west of San José, the capital of Costa Escazú, officially San Miguel de Es- Rica. A sprawling, suburban area in the cazú, is part of the canton of Escazú, hills, Escazú has cooler temperatures which has a population of about 60,000 than other locations in the region. It is and is in the province of San José. It is also one of the country’s most affluent about 12 miles from Juan Santamaría In- areas, with upscale restaurants and ternational Airport. The nearest shops, and a few foreign embassies and beaches, on the Pacific side, are about 90 consulates. minutes away by car. The three-level house, which is 815 square meters, or about 8,770 square MARKET OVERVIEW feet, was designed by Ronald Zürcher, a Costa Rica’s housing market was boom- local architect. It was built about 15 ing for nearly a decade, but activity years ago on 0.3 hectare of about three- stalled after the 2008 global financial quarters of an acre, in a quiet neighbor- crisis. In the last couple of years busi- MONICA QUESADA C. FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES hood. “It’s a very calm area — you don’t ness has started picking up again, al- get a lot of traffic,” said the listing agent, though “prices are still fairly affordable nities along the Pacific Ocean and Carib- said, should be prepared to pay in cash LANGUAGES AND CURRENCIES This colonial home Eva Murillo of Costa Rica Sotheby’s In- compared to what they were before bean Sea. “They come here to vacation, or obtain loans elsewhere. Spanish; colón ($1 = 560 colón). The for sale in Escazú, ternational Real Estate. “But the house 2008,” said Saul Rasminsky, the owner fall in love and want to buy,” said Rodolfo Buyers typically make a deposit American dollar is widely accepted. near San José, is minutes away from just about every- of Dominical Real Estate, in the town of Herrera, a real estate lawyer and li- (usually around 10 percent of the pur- Costa Rica, sits in thing. It’s close to the airport. There’s a Dominical. censed notary based in San Isidro, San chase price) into an escrow account. A TAXES AND FEES a hilly area that hospital nearby, a big shopping mall and Demand for houses in Escazú re- José. period of due diligence follows to allow The seller usually pays the brokerage has cooler tem- schools.” mains healthy, Ms. Murillo said, be- Buyers in the province of San José, for a title search and a check for liens or commission, around 5 to 8 percent of the peratures than The wooden front door was imported cause the area “is close to downtown for and particularly in Escazú — which Mr. encumbrances, among other things. purchase price. The buyer typically other locations in from India and is surrounded by a stone people who work, and close to Highway Herrera likens to a cosmopolitan Ameri- Costa Rica has a reliable national prop- pays most of the closing costs, Mr. Her- the region. Escazú archway from a Guatemalan church. 27, which takes you to the beach.” can city such as Miami — are mostly erty registry that tracks these records rera said, which amount to at least 4 per- is also one of the Other stone, brick and wood accents can Prices in Escazú range from about people who have business in the capital, and includes information on the owners, cent of the purchase price; costs include country’s most be found throughout the home. $150,000 for a small house at a low eleva- along with retirees or people close to re- Mr. Herrera said. notary fees, title transfer tax and gov- affluent areas. On the main floor there is a spacious tion to around $6 million for an estate tiring who are looking to move to a tem- Agents recommend hiring an experi- ernment stamps. tile foyer that leads to the living room, high up in the hills, Ms. Murillo said. But perate climate. enced real estate lawyer who is also a Property taxes in Costa Rica are gen- which has a wood-burning fireplace. prices are now flat, she added, with “The people who buy in Escazú want notary. The notary handles the transfer erally low, around 0.25 percent of the The foyer also extends to a dining room some of the more expensive houses lin- to have modern conveniences near the of the deed to the property. (In Costa registered property value. The munici- with brick ceiling and to a breakfast gering on the market. city,” Mr. Rasminsky said. “They want to Rica, all licensed notaries are lawyers, pal taxes on this house are about $2,000 area and a kitchen with stainless-steel live in an area where the temperatures but not all lawyers are notaries.) A com- a year, Ms. Murillo said, in addition to an appliances and granite counters. These WHO BUYS IN COSTA RICA are cooler and where they have moun- mon practice among foreign buyers is to annual luxury tax of around $2,000. rooms all have hardwood floors and Americans dominate the second-home tain views.” form a corporation to purchase prop- wood-beam ceilings and connect to an market, thanks in part to an abundance erty. Purchases can also be made CONTACT expansive terrace that overlooks lush of direct flights to Costa Rica from many BUYING BASICS through a retirement fund like an indi- Eva Murillo tropical gardens. Separate maid’s quar- major cities in the United States. There International home buyers in Costa Rica vidual retirement account, or I.R.A. Costa Rica Sotheby’s International Real ters are off the kitchen, and there is a is also strong interest from Canadian face few restrictions, Mr. Herrera said, Estate wine cellar. and European buyers, agents say. but local financing is harder to come by WEBSITES 011-506-2253-5333 or The ground floor has a large recrea- The majority of foreign buyers prefer and at less attractive terms than in the Costa Rica tourism: visitcostarica.com 011-506-2505-3093 tion room with glass doors that open to the country’s numerous beach commu- United States. Nonresident buyers, he Tourism Board: ict.go.cr sothebysrealty.com

tended beyond the fireplace by the uni- versity. Oxford-area estate Other ground-floor rooms with origi- nal features include the library, which also has richly paneled walls and an changes hands elaborate wood fire surround. Many doors and cornices throughout OXFORD, ENGLAND the building have fine decorative detail- ing, and a large number of the windows feature the original leaded panes. The former bedrooms of Lord and Foxcombe Hall, built Lady Berkeley bookend the upper floor of the main hall. in the early 1900s, bought Both offer elegant and ornate original by Peking University features, including painted and beamed ceilings and stately fireplaces, BY LAURA LATHAM decorated in Dutch delft tiles. The tower has a series of small rooms, Foxcombe Hall, a grand estate with used as administrative areas, but there views of the “dreaming spires” of Ox- is access to the roof, with views to the ford, looks like an architectural jumble, city. but it was purposefully built by a British There are two additional buildings on nobleman at the turn of the 20th cen- the site: the Old Dairy, a three-story, tury. faux-Tudor building measuring about Created in the early 1900s by Lord 6,100 square feet, and the Lodge, meas- Randall Berkeley at Boars Hill, an area uring 2,980 square feet. Both are now of- of beautiful countryside, the property fices and storage rooms but could be lies four miles southwest of Oxford, the converted into further student facilities. venerable university city. It is possible for the new owner to re- The main house was built to resemble move the incongruous 1960s office block a grand baronial hall with a stone tower, from its position alongside the main in medieval style. An earlier 19th-cen- house. Planning regulations allow the tury property was incorporated into the building footprint to be reassigned for new building, which is a sprawling mix accommodation elsewhere on the site, of red brick and stone with faux-Tudor the most obvious location being the cur- beams. Additional extensions date to rent car parking lot. The grounds of 6.15 the late 1960s, when the site became a hectares, or 15 acres, include an elegant college. Italianate garden with terrace and a Owned since 1976 by the Open Univer- woodland with an ornamental lake. sity, one of Britain’s biggest educational organizations, Foxcombe Hall was placed on the market in September for 7 million pounds, or $8.5 million. The size and location of Foxcombe The new iconic Hall generated significant interest in the property, resulting in an offer that was accepted at the end of last year. The buy- RESIDENCES IN DUBAI er, Peking University HSBC Business School, plans to open to students there next year. The Royal Atlantis Residences in Dubai are redefining the concept of international luxury living. “Boars Hill is a prime location and the Discover sky-high homes with architectural and design masterpieces that have never been seen before, site is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,’’ conceived by the world’s leading architects, designers and artists. Residents will be able to enjoy a said Mark Charter, a partner with the variety of unique amenities, including soaring private gardens with their own infinity pools overlooking the ocean Oxford agency Carter Jonas, which and The Palm, an awe-inspiring Sky Pool offering the definitive infinity pool haven, relaxing private listed the property. beaches and world-class restaurants with award-winning celebrity chefs. The main house, which includes the tower, measures 2,760 square meters, or 29,700 square feet, and has four stories. The Royal Atlantis Residences include a selection of The original stone entrance porch two, three, four and five bedroom apartments, skycourts, penthouses was big enough to allow carriages to pull WILLIAM BENTON-FIFE/E-HOUSE and garden suites with prices from USD 2,083,000. up to the front door, but it is now a glass- fronted lobby. The focal point of the Oxford’s global reputation as a hub for The grounds at For further information please contact Knight Frank: building’s interior is a large central hall educational excellence and the city’s Foxcombe Hall, with a galleried landing, designed in a historic and cultural cachet have creat- built as a home in +971 4 426 2888 | [email protected] medieval, or Gothic, style. ed a property market where the growth medieval style, DeRoyalAtlantisResidences.com The lower walls are fully paneled in over the past 10 years has closely fol- include a woodland dark oak, the stairs and gallery are also lowed that of London. and a formal oak, and there is an intricate, hammer- Stock levels are low and property garden with deco- LIVE THE DREAM, TODAY, TOMORROW, OR FOREVER. beam ceiling. The upper section of one typically starts at around £5,500 per rative stone walls. wall has been left as bare stone and fea- square meter for prime areas outside tures a line of cathedral windows with the city and from £11,000 per square me- stained glass representations of coats of ter in prime city locations. Mr. Charter arms. says there has been high demand over Beneath the gallery, a central wall has the past three to four years for proper- Disclaimer: The information contained herein does not form part of an offer or contract. Prices correct at time of going to press and subject to availability. a large stone fireplace, bearing the coat ties in the £2 million-plus price bracket, Computer generated images depict The Royal Atlantis and are indicative only. Knight Frank ORN: 11964 RERA permit: 7162 of arms of Lord Berkeley. The room though that has begun to slow over the originally ended at this wall but was ex- past year. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 25 books weekend

won over the Republican Party leader- ship. At the time of the commission’s formation, Republicans were moderate when it came to feminism; the 1976 Feminism party platform, for instance, included support for the E.R.A. But by the 1980 presidential election, that had changed; the “family values” coalition co-opted the party platform, won con- off the rails versions on abortion from Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, and BOOK REVIEW propelled them — along with numer- ous other state and federal candidates — to victory. DIVIDED WE STAND: THE BATTLE OVER In contrast, the Plan of Action WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND FAMILY VALUES landed with a thud on President THAT POLARIZED AMERICAN POLITICS. Carter’s desk. A born-again Christian By Marjorie J. Spruill. Illustrated. 436 pp. uneasy with alienating religious con- Bloomsbury. $33. servatives, Carter had inherited the conference initiative and never threw BY GILLIAN THOMAS his full weight behind it — and indeed, had rebuffed organizers’ entreaties to Among feminists, Donald Trump’s come to Houston. Despite efforts by election has prompted unprecedented some White House staff members, the soul-searching about What Went plan never became a legislative blue- Wrong. The revelation that a majority print. With a wary White House that of white women helped put Trump over became outright hostile after Reagan’s the top cut especially deep. The initial election, a split Congress and femi- mystery — how could women vote for nists’ attention diverted to the E.R.A. that man? — gave way to betrayal: ratification effort — which failed when How could they do this to other wom- the time for approval expired in 1982 — en? Then, after some Kübler-Ross any hope of implementing the plan stages of grief, and a few million pink stalled in the 1980s. The Houston con- pussy hats, came the questions: How ference may have succeeded in to harness the euphoric rage of the awakening countless women to femi- record-breaking women’s marches? nism, but most of its policy goals re- How to make tangible progress, not main on the movement’s to-do lists. merely prevent further losses? These divergent narratives from 40 To answer these riddles requires years ago offer many lessons to those understanding how we got here, and hoping to maintain the momentum of Marjorie J. Spruill’s “Divided We the Jan. 21 women’s marches. Two of Stand” offers a detailed if sometimes the most salient: Forge unity out of dense primer. Spruill, a professor of diversity and hold elected officials women’s, Southern and modern Ameri- accountable. Early signs show that can history at the University of South today’s feminists are fast learners. The Carolina, convincingly traces today’s “unity principles” issued by national schisms to events surrounding the UNCREDITED/ASSOCIATED PRESS march organizers incorporated race, National Women’s Conference, a four- immigration status, gender identity, day gathering in Houston in November entitled “The Spirit of Houston.” holding conferences in all 50 states to ried to Houston by a relay of runners Phyllis Schlafly, sexual orientation, class and disability 1977. At the time, Ms. magazine called The conference had an unintended, elect the delegates. including icons like Billie Jean King. above, in 1976. The within multiple resolutions, instead of the event — a federally funded initia- equally revolutionary consequence, The state conferences that convened Speakers included three first ladies — National Women’s segregating them (as was the case tive to identify a national women’s though: the unleashing of a women-led in the summer of 1977 proved to be Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford and Lady Conference in with the Houston planks). A next step: rights agenda — “Four Days That “family values” coalition that cast anything but unified, and documenting Bird Johnson — as well as Coretta Houston the fol- Strengthen alliances between the Changed the World.” So why is it that feminism not just as erroneous policy that turmoil takes up much of Spruill’s Scott King, the Texas representative lowing year helped majority-white marchers and the wom- today, as Gloria Steinem recently but as moral transgression. Led by attention. Members of the Schlafly Barbara Jordan, the anthropologist propel the rise of en of color who mobilized against observed, the conference “may take Phyllis Schlafly, a small but savvy coalition — which called itself the Margaret Mead, and fiery political the “family Trump (and before that, led the Black the prize as the most important event coalition of foot soldiers mobilized I.W.Y. Citizens Review Committee, or newcomers like Ann Richards and values” coalition Lives Matter movement). A second nobody knows about”? against the conference’s aims. These C.R.C. — doggedly attended each Maxine Waters. she led. day of mass action — a nationwide In Spruill’s telling, the Houston activists found common cause in their meeting, disrupting the proceedings In contrast, the family values rally “women’s strike” on March 8 — was an conference was world-changing, but deep religiosity and opposition to and attempting to win inclusion among was as much a religious revival as a opportunity to show an even more not entirely for the reasons the feminism’s perceived diminishment of the representatives who would travel political event. A sign placed next to united front. Meanwhile, women were organizers had hoped. The event drew “real” womanhood. And although their to Houston. the podium said it all: “Women’s Lib- vocal participants in the overflow an estimated 20,000 activists, celebri- leadership denied it, the group also In the end, few C.R.C. bers, E.R.A. LESBIANS, REPENT. crowds at congressional town halls ties and other luminaries for a raucous had ties to white supremacists. “Divid- representatives were elected among Read the BIBLE while YOUR [sic] held during last month’s recess, wom- political-convention-cum-conscious- ed We Stand” argues that the potency the more than 2,000 racially diverse ABLE.” Many of the attendees — who en-centric media are educating readers ness-raising session. The delegates of these advocates and their succes- delegates who headed to the Houston were nearly all white — were men. about grass- roots activism and thou- enacted 26 policy resolutions calling sors reshaped not just the nation’s Convention Center. So Schlafly and her Among them was the archconservative sands of women have begun preparing not just for ratification of the Equal gender politics, but the politics of the followers took another tack: They California representative Robert Dor- to run for office. Rights Amendment (then just three Democratic and Republican Parties. organized a daylong Pro-Life, Pro- nan, who exhorted the audience to let But perhaps the most auspicious states shy of the 38 needed) but a wide The Houston conference originated Family Rally across town at the Astro their members of Congress know, as sign came from the Republican repre- range of measures including accessible with a 1975 executive order issued by Arena. one attendee put it, that “the great sentative Dave Brat of Virginia: He child care, elimination of President Ford, charging a National The chapters detailing these compet- silent majority is on the move to take recently complained that “the women discriminatory insurance and credit Commission on the Observance of ing events are the best in “Divided We the nation under God’s guidance.” are in my grill no matter where I go.” practices, reform of divorce and rape International Women’s Year (there- Stand.” The feminists’ conference was After Houston, that contingent was laws, federal funding for abortion and after known as the I.W.Y. Commission) steeped in symbolism, starting with more successful in making political Gillian Thomas is an attorney for the — most controversially — civil rights that would, as Ford put it, “infuse the the lighting of a “torch of freedom” in inroads than its feminist counterparts. A.C.L.U. Women’s Rights Project. She is for lesbians. Those “planks” later were Declaration of Independence with new Seneca Falls, N.Y. — site of the 1848 The difference, as documented by the author of “Because of Sex: One bundled as a National Plan of Action meaning and promise for women here women’s conference marking the Spruill, was in its single-minded pur- Law, Ten Cases, and Fifty Years That and presented to President Jimmy and around the world.” Later that year, beginning of first-wave feminism — suit of those power brokers Dornan Changed American Women’s Lives at Carter, amid much fanfare, in a report Congress tasked the commission with that over the next six weeks was car- had commended to it. Most notably, it Work.”

By the Book crossword Chris Hayes 111-Across! Edited by Will Shortz

Across 42 Boat with a very 92 Cut 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 Poor-weather fine net 93 U.S. broadcaster driving aid 44 “Phooey!” overseas 18 19 20 21 7 Pale-faced 45 It turns out to 94 ____ row 22 23 24 11 Texting format, be 99-Down 95 The end: Fr. for short 49 Beefcake’s pride 96 “Dies ____” 25 26 27 14 Indonesian 50 Fresh 100 To whom the The author of “A Colony in a Nation” I’m reading a bunch of Reconstruction island 51 House call? title “45-Down” 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 says his ideal literary dinner would books right now, and they’re all paper. 18 Possible weapon 52 Up to this point was referring in a bar fight 35 36 37 38 39 include Walt Whitman and Hannah I tend to read in the morning, on the 53 Bad luck, old- the whole time 19 Resting place style 103 Big name in 40 41 42 43 44 Arendt. And “James Baldwin is a no- subway ride into work. for a polar bear 56 Joke, slangily headphones brainer. (I’d let him smoke inside.)” 20 “I totally 57 Metal band 104 Hindu god of 45 46 47 48 49 What’s the best book you’ve ever crushed that!” around a pencil destruction 50 51 52 53 54 55 What books are currently on your received as a gift? 22 It’s actually eraser 105 Trims made of 61 Peeping aid night stand? 106 Kids’ character 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 When I was studying abroad in Italy in 55-Down 63 Fashion who says “A day There are two: The first is “Black Over 2000, it was before the era of e-books, 24 Companion of 66 It really is an without a friend 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 White: Negro Political Leadership in and English books were hard to come Jason 8-Down is like a pot South Carolina During Reconstruc- by. My parents sent me a care package 25 Wood that 69 Has pegged, say without a single 70 71 72 73 74 makes up the 70 Disappointment drop of honey 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 tion,” by Thomas Holt. It was pub- JILLIAN TAMAKI for my birthday and included “Brief foundation of for someone left inside” much of Venice lished in 1979, but it’s still one of the Interviews With Hideous Men,” by looking for a 107 Annual meal 82 83 84 85 86 87 most comprehensive looks at the black sonal privilege, I think my own first David Foster Wallace. That book is 26 Clomped (on) parking spot 108 Learned inside 27 elected representatives who held book, “Twilight of the Elites,” lays out astoundingly good and vastly underap- Basil who 72 Record-holder and out 88 89 90 91 designed for the most 111 Warning for power in South Carolina from 1867 to the basics of our institutional dysfunc- preciated, and I read it over and over 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 England’s times hosting solvers of this 1876. To me, this is perhaps the most tion, elite failure, populist backlash and that semester in Bologna, returning to Coventry the Academy puzzle Cathedral 100 101 102 103 104 fascinating and tragic period in Ameri- crisis of authority in ways that seem it every time I ran out of English books Awards 114 Source of one’s 28 Level 74 Limit sense of balance 105 106 107 can history. The other is a galley for more relevant than ever. There are lots to read. When I got back to college for 29 “____ All That” 75 Studio sign 115 Many resting the novel “Touch,” by Courtney Maum; of others, but one that I’ve found in- senior year I actually staged a version (1999 rom-com) 76 Ga. neighbor places 108 109 110 111 112 113 30 Who 93-Down it comes out in May, and I’m about credibly useful is Alexander Stille’s of it in a student-run theater, and one 79 Indonesia’s ____ 116 Plant that’s the was all along 114 115 116 halfway through it. So far it’s a really fantastic book “The Sack of Rome,” of the people I cast was John Krasin- Islands source of a 35 Product of 80 Nothing, in Latin caffeine-free tea 117 118 119 120 smart and funny look at the insane about Silvio Berlusconi, who, in many ski, who would later buy the rights to it Boston or 82 Having a spare psychological and social costs of our ways, is the closest analogue you can and make it into a film. Chicago 117 One way to sit tire, maybe by PUZZLE BY GRANT THACKRAY / EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ THE NEW YORK TIMES 36 Part of a KFC era of constant connectedness. I know really find among world leaders to 83 What 11-Down 118 Squeeze (out) 3 Subjects of 27 Not covering 59 Regulus’s 89 Big name in order does, shockingly Courtney from college, and my wife Trump. Who is your favorite fictional hero or 119 Figure in some food much constellation 37 Enthusiastic 88 Computer- kitchen utensils statistics package 60 Draw back really liked her first novel, “I Am Hav- heroine? Your favorite antihero or assent in Madrid controlled 29 Picket, e.g. 90 Center of a roast villain? 120 Altercation warnings 30 Pre-euro money 62 Slapstick prop ing So Much Fun Here Without You,” And what’s the one book you wish all 38 Cambodia’s Lon players, in 93 See 30-Across which got raves. Americans would read right now? I’m not sure if Porfiry, the detective in ____ gaming lingo 4 Cake finisher 31 Govt. cultural 64 Puccini pieces 5 Extra in “The 65 Stolen item 95 Jester “Black Reconstruction,” by Du Bois. “Crime and Punishment,” is the hero or 39 What flows in 90 Relating to the Down org. until 1999 une rivière sun 1 “Gangsta’s Sound of Music” 32 Big cheese in “Alice in 97 Cause a wedgie What’s the first book you turned to antihero, but I remember finding that 40 The “E” of 91 Tolkien’s trilogy, Paradise” rapper 6 Make it clear 33 Suffix with Jacob Wonderland” 98 Opposed after the election? how things are 67 Moving aid What was the most informative book character absolutely thrilling, partly Q.E.D. for short 2 Tomboy 34 Throw on the 99 See 45-Across “Fraud of the Century,” by Roy Morris you read while working on your new because I so fully and totally reviled going to go floor? 68 State quarters? Solution to puzzle of March 11-12 7 Natural dos 101 Bucko Jr. It’s a chronicle of the 1876 election, one? Raskolnikov. The best villain has to be 37 Sound in the 71 Rest S T E R N A N A U G H T S A L T I M A 8 See 66-Across stacks 73 Penguin and 102 Major John and I turned to it for two reasons. One, I really loved “Smuggler Nation,” by Iago, now and forever. If I ever go back E I L E E N I N S T O R E T E H R A N 9 Ground breaker 41 “Star Wars: The others ____, Benedict 1876 was the last time that the candi- Peter Andreas, because it’s about, to theater and there’s one role I could T A B L E T E N N E S S E E T I E R E D 10 Itch Force Awakens” 77 Lead-in to Jon or Arnold’s date who won such a large margin of fundamentally, the fact that America is play, that would probably be the one I B R O O D R O O T A M P A P E S T 11 See 83-Across protagonist Wayne co-conspirator Y A W N A N N Y G O A T E E I S T H 12 Muddles 78 Exclusive groups the popular vote lost the Electoral a nation of hustlers and con men, and wanted more than any. D O D O E E N S Y A F F A I R E 42 Lead-in to foam 103 Western capital 13 Accept, as a 43 Oh follower 80 Nothing but College. But more importantly, it also never has that seemed, um, more true. T O L D T O A D E E R A I N S O N package ____ 106 Koi’s habitat 44 “Tiny Bubbles” marked the end of Reconstruction, and You’re organizing a literary dinner I N O T L E U S A N A A T R O T 14 “The Devil and 81 Player of Nelson 107 Baghdad’s ____ D E O O F F T H E M A R Q U E E I M P singer the beginning of the reversal of what How do you like to read? Paper or party. Which three writers, dead or Daniel Webster” Mandela in City Y A K O V F O E S T U N A M B E R 45 See 100-Across author “Mandela: had been years of the most radical electronic? One book at a time or alive, do you invite? S C A L E O R G S A L A I W A L D O 108 Early millennium 15 Nabokov novel 46 Hill of R&B Long Walk to agenda of racial egalitarianism the U.S. simultaneously? Morning or night? James Baldwin is a no-brainer. (I’d let U T T E R R A I L A L O A L E U T 47 Inquired about year M S T H O T C R O S S B U N N Y U L E 16 Lucy of Freedom” has ever seen — before or since. That I always read simultaneously, usually him smoke inside.) Then I’d say Walt “Charlie’s 48 Jamie of 84 Interest for a 109 Not to mention H E E D E A T A T N S A M I L A “M*A*S*H” seemed pretty relevant. electronic on my phone, because I Whitman and Hannah Arendt. U P A T R E E W I N G S C R E A M Angels” limnologist 110 Show with a 49 Falls for always have it, but I’ve recently come P O T H E R S M A I N E D A L I 17 TV “Cousin” 85 Some core “cold open,” for 54 Brightest star in What books in your opinion best to realize what the research on this Whom would you want to write your T I M E T H E B I G C H I L I D U H 18 Jrs. take them classes: Abbr. short I T E R T E E N A T I S C H I T A 21 Good person Aquila 86 Treehouse life story? 111 Excel command explain the current moment in Amer- topic makes clear: Reading on paper G I S E L E A T T I L A T H E H O N E Y to ask for 55 See 22-Across builder, maybe ica? greatly enhances focus and attention. I mean, honestly: me. We all want H E S A I D T H E W I R E R E C O R D directions 57 Swamp 87 Unattended 112 For Well, if you’ll allow me a point of per- So I’ve started to migrate back to that. control, don’t we? T R I L L S H E R O I S M A S K S I N 23 Actor Kinnear 58 Kind of port 88 Exclusion 113 Remote button .. 26 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION weekend books

Handmaids on the rise An author ponders what her novel from 1985 means in the age of Trump

BY MARGARET ATWOOD In the spring of 1984 I began to write a novel that was not initially called “The Handmaid’s Tale.” I wrote in longhand, mostly on yellow legal notepads, then transcribed my almost illegible scrawl- ings using a huge German-keyboard manual typewriter I’d rented. The keyboard was German because I was living in West Berlin, which was still encircled by the Berlin Wall: The Soviet empire was still strongly in place, and was not to crumble for another five years. Every Sunday the East German Air Force made sonic booms to remind us of how close they were. During my visits to several countries behind the Iron Curtain — Czechoslovakia, East Germany — I ex- perienced the wariness, the feeling of being spied on, the silences, the changes of subject, the oblique ways in which people might convey information, and these had an influence on what I was writing. So did the repurposed build- ings. “This used to belong to ... but then they disappeared.” I heard such stories many times. Having been born in 1939 and come to consciousness during World War II, I knew that established orders could van- ish overnight. Change could also be as fast as lightning. “It can’t happen here” could not be depended on: Anything could happen anywhere, given the cir- cumstances. By 1984, I’d been avoiding my novel for a year or two. It seemed to me a risky venture. I’d read extensively in science fiction, speculative fiction, utopias and ELENI KALORKOTI dystopias ever since my high school Yes, women years in the 1950s, but I’d never written will gang up such a book. Was I up to it? The form on other was strewn with pitfalls, among them a women. Yes, tendency to sermonize, a veering into allegory and a lack of plausibility. If I they will was to create an imaginary garden I accuse others wanted the toads in it to be real. One of to keep my rules was that I would not put any themselves off events into the book that had not al- ready happened in what James Joyce the hook. called the “nightmare” of history, nor any technology not already available. No imaginary gizmos, no imaginary laws, no imaginary atrocities. God is in the details, they say. So is the Devil. Back in 1984, the main premise seemed — even to me — fairly out- rageous. Would I be able to persuade readers that the United States had suf- fered a coup that had transformed an erstwhile liberal democracy into a lit- eral-minded theocratic dictatorship? In the book, the Constitution and Congress are no longer: The Republic of Gilead is built on a foundation of the 17th-century DAMON WINTER/THE NEW YORK TIMES CINECOM Puritan roots that have always lain be- neath the modern-day America we partly also in reference to fairy tales and they are adept at taking some of the Above left, Mar- any authoritarian regime taking over If this future can be described in detail, thought we knew. folk tales: The story told by the central stated aims of 1984 feminism — like the garet Atwood in America doubtless would: They would- maybe it won’t happen. But such wishful The immediate location of the book is character partakes — for later or remote anti-porn campaign and greater safety 2009, and right, n’t be Communists or Muslims. thinking cannot be depended on either. Cambridge, Mass., home of Harvard listeners — of the unbelievable, the fan- from sexual assault — and turning them Natasha The modesty costumes worn by the So many different strands fed into University, now a leading liberal educa- tastic, as do the stories told by those who to their own advantage. As I say: real Richardson and women of Gilead are derived from West- “The Handmaid’s Tale” — group execu- tional institution but once a Puritan have survived earth-shattering events. life. Robert Duvall in ern religious iconography — the Wives tions, sumptuary laws, book burnings, theological seminary. The Secret Serv- Over the years, “The Handmaid’s Which brings me to three questions I the 1990 film of wear the blue of purity, from the Virgin the Lebensborn program of the SS and ice of Gilead is located in the Widener Li- Tale” has taken many forms. It has been am often asked. “The Handmaid’s Mary; the Handmaids wear red, from the child-stealing of the Argentine gen- brary, where I had spent many hours in translated into 40 or more languages. It First, is “The Handmaid’s Tale” a Tale.” the blood of parturition, but also from erals, the history of slavery, the history the stacks, researching my New Eng- was made into a film in 1990. It has been “feminist” novel? If you mean an Mary Magdalene. Also, red is easier to of American polygamy ... the list is long. land ancestors as well as the Salem an opera, and it has also been a ballet. It ideological tract in which all women are see if you happen to be fleeing. The But there’s a literary form I haven’t witchcraft trials. Would some people be is being turned into a graphic novel. And angels and/or so victimized they are in- wives of men lower in the social scale mentioned yet: the literature of witness. affronted by the use of the Harvard wall in April 2017 it will become an MGM/ capable of moral choice, no. If you mean are called Econowives, and wear Offred records her story as best she can; as a display area for the bodies of the ex- Hulu television series. a novel in which women are human be- stripes. I must confess that the face-hid- then she hides it, trusting that it may be ecuted? (They were.) In this series I have a small cameo. ings — with all the variety of character ing bonnets came not only from mid- discovered later, by someone who is free In the novel the population is shrink- The scene is the one in which the newly and behavior that implies — and are also Victorian costume and from nuns, but to understand it and share it. This is an ing due to a toxic environment, and the conscripted Handmaids are being interesting and important, and what from the Old Dutch Cleanser package of act of hope: Every recorded story im- ability to have viable babies is at a pre- brainwashed in a sort of Red Guard re- happens to them is crucial to the theme, the 1940s, which showed a woman with plies a future reader. Robinson Crusoe mium. (In today’s real world, studies are education facility known as the Red Cen- structure and plot of the book, then yes. her face hidden, and which frightened keeps a journal. So did Samuel Pepys, in now showing a sharp fertility decline in ter. They must learn to renounce their In that sense, many books are “femi- me as a child. Many totalitarianisms which he chronicled the Great Fire of Chinese men.) Under totalitarianisms previous identities, to know their place nist.” have used clothing, both forbidden and London. So did many who lived during — or indeed in any sharply hierarchical and their duties, to understand that they Why interesting and important? Be- enforced, to identify and control people the Black Death, although their ac- society — the ruling class monopolizes have no real rights but will be protected cause women are interesting and impor- — think of yellow stars and Roman pur- counts often stop abruptly. So did valuable things, so the elite of the re- up to a point if they conform, and to tant in real life. They are not an after- ple — and many have ruled behind a reli- Roméo Daillaire, who chronicled both gime arrange to have fertile females as- think so poorly of themselves that they thought of nature, they are not second- gious front. It makes the creation of her- the Rwandan genocide and the world’s signed to them as Handmaids. The bibli- will accept their assigned fate and not ary players in human destiny, and every etics that much easier. indifference to it. So did Anne Frank, cal precedent is the story of Jacob and rebel or run away. society has always known that. Without In the book, the dominant “religion” is hidden in her secret annex. his two wives, Rachel and Leah, and The Handmaids sit in a circle, with the women capable of giving birth, human moving to seize doctrinal control, and There are two reading audiences for their two handmaids. One man, four Taser-equipped Aunts forcing them to populations would die out. That is why religious denominations familiar to us Offred’s account: the one at the end of women, 12 sons — but the handmaids join in what is now called (but was not, in the mass rape and murder of women, are being annihilated. Just as the Bol- the book, at an academic conference in could not claim the sons. They belonged 1984) the “slut-shaming” of one of their girls and children has long been a fea- sheviks destroyed the Mensheviks in or- the future, who are free to read but who to the respective wives. number, Jeanine, who is being made to ture of genocidal wars, and of other cam- der to eliminate political competition are not always as empathetic as one And so the tale unfolds. recount how she was gang-raped as a paigns meant to subdue and exploit a and Red Guard factions fought to the might wish; and the individual reader of When I first began “The Handmaid’s teenager. Her fault, she led them on — population. Kill their babies and replace death against one another, the Catholics the book at any given time. That is the Tale” it was called “Offred,” the name of that is the chant of the other Hand- their babies with yours, as cats do; and the Baptists are being targeted and “real” reader, the Dear Reader for whom its central character. This name is com- maids. make women have babies they can’t af- eliminated. The Quakers have gone un- every writer writes. And many Dear posed of a man’s first name, “Fred,” and Although it was “only a television ford to raise, or babies you will then re- derground, and are running an escape Readers will become writers in their a prefix denoting “belonging to,” so it is show” and these were actresses who move from them for your own purposes, route to Canada, as — I suspect — they turn. That is how we writers all started: like “de” in French or “von” in German, would be giggling at coffee break, and I steal babies — it’s been a widespread, would. Offred herself has a private ver- by reading. We heard the voice of a book or like the suffix “son” in English last myself was “just pretending,” I found age-old motif. The control of women and sion of the Lord’s Prayer and refuses to speaking to us. names like Williamson. Within this this scene horribly upsetting. It was way babies has been a feature of every re- believe that this regime has been man- In the wake of the recent American name is concealed another possibility: too much like way too much history. Yes, pressive regime on the planet. Napoleon dated by a just and merciful God. In the election, fears and anxieties proliferate. “offered,” denoting a religious offering women will gang up on other women. and his “cannon fodder,” slavery and its real world today, some religious groups Basic civil liberties are seen as endan- or a victim offered for sacrifice. Yes, they will accuse others to keep ever-renewed human merchandise — are leading movements for the protec- gered, along with many of the rights for Why do we never learn the real name themselves off the hook: We see that they both fit in here. Of those promoting tion of vulnerable groups, including women won over the past decades, and of the central character, I have often very publicly in the age of social media, enforced childbirth, it should be asked: women. indeed the past centuries. In this divi- been asked. Because, I reply, so many which enables group swarmings. Yes, Cui bono? Who profits by it? Sometimes So the book is not “antireligion.” It is sive climate, in which hate for many people throughout history have had they will gladly take positions of power this sector, sometimes that. Never no against the use of religion as a front for groups seems on the rise and scorn for their names changed, or have simply over other women, even — and, possibly, one. tyranny; which is a different thing alto- democratic institutions is being ex- disappeared from view. Some have de- especially — in systems in which wom- The second question that comes up gether. pressed by extremists of all stripes, it is duced that Offred’s real name is June, en as a whole have scant power: All frequently: Is “The Handmaid’s Tale” Is “The Handmaid’s Tale” a predic- a certainty that someone, somewhere — since, of all the names whispered among power is relative, and in tough times any antireligion? Again, it depends what tion? That is the third question I’m many, I would guess — are writing down the Handmaids in the gymnasium/dor- amount is seen as better than none. you may mean by that. True, a group of asked — increasingly, as forces within what is happening as they themselves mitory, “June” is the only one that never Some of the controlling Aunts are true authoritarian men seize control and at- American society seize power and enact are experiencing it. Or they will remem- appears again. That was not my original believers, and think they are doing the tempt to restore an extreme version of decrees that embody what they were ber, and record later, if they can. thought but it fits, so readers are wel- Handmaids a favor: At least they the patriarchy, in which women (like saying they wanted to do, even back in Will their messages be suppressed come to it if they wish. haven’t been sent to clean up toxic 19th-century American slaves) are for- 1984, when I was writing the novel. No, it and hidden? Will they be found, cen- At some time during the writing, the waste, and at least in this brave new bidden to read. Further, they can’t con- isn’t a prediction, because predicting the turies later, in an old house, behind a novel’s name changed to “The Hand- world they won’t get raped, not as such, trol money or have jobs outside the future isn’t really possible: There are wall? maid’s Tale,” partly in honor of not by strangers. Some of the Aunts are home, unlike some women in the Bible. too many variables and unforeseen pos- Let us hope it doesn’t come to that. I Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales,” but sadists. Some are opportunists. And The regime uses biblical symbols, as sibilities. Let’s say it’s an antiprediction: trust it will not. .. THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017| 27 food and drink weekend

A childhood infused with the richness of citrus vividly in the air. The scent and taste of lemon evoke The house is long gone from the fam- ily, and it’s been many years since I’ve powerful memories of summers in Italy been in a limonaia. Indeed, my brother, Yiftach, is also a memory for the family, BY YOTAM OTTOLENGHI taken from us before his time. The mem- ory of playing in that large empty room When I was a child, we often spent our with my brother, the smell of citrus still summers in Italy. My grandparents hanging in the air, is as sharp and vivid were Italian, and we’d stay with them in as a squeeze of lemon itself. their house, in the hills outside Florence. The memory of these summers lives It was complete madness for my dad’s on, in part, through the lemon tree my family to still have the house — it was parents have growing in front of their grand, crumbling and soaking up all house today, outside Jerusalem. The cli- available funds — but magic for us kids, mate is one without frost, and so this of course, less aware of all the tree is right where it’s been for over 20 headaches. years, unmoved, producing lemons for A big part of this magic came from the my parents at an insanely prolific rate. vast and largely empty structure in the Whenever I’m there, we have the li- garden called the limonaia. In parts of It- moncello Mum has made from steeping aly, limonaias — lemon houses — are lemon skins in alcohol and then adding where citrus trees in their terra-cotta sugar syrup, drinking it from shot pots are taken during the winter months glasses with — what else — little pic- to shield them from the unforgiving frost tures of lemons on them. The clinking of and heavy rain. On big citrus estates, li- our glasses and that hit of citrus brought monaias would often be tall and elabo- by the first sip of limoncello marks the rate buildings, built around imposing arrival back home. RIKKI SNYDER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES columns and cathedral-like as a result. Lemons, then, have become a bit Once the frost had passed and the cit- mythical for me. They are with me every rus trees were no longer in need of pro- step of the way, and not just as a memo- ...... tection, they’d be returned to their ry and a tradition, but as a source of so ROSEMARY, OLIVE OIL AND ORANGE CAKE groves, leaving the limonaia to sit empty much of what makes me happy in the through the summer. The appeal of that kitchen. They leave their bright mark empty space — slightly creepy with its all over my savory cooking: a final TIME: 1½ HOURS, PLUS TIME FOR PREPARING For the orange icing: sides of the bowl and the whisk. CRYSTALLIZED ROSEMARY 1½ tablespoons freshly squeezed vacant pots and random vines growing squeeze of lemon juice to balance a dish, 4. Sift flour, baking powder and salt YIELD: 10 SERVINGS orange juice wild on the inside wall — was enormous some finely chopped preserved lemon together into a small bowl. Add the dry 2½ teaspoons freshly squeezed lemon for my brother and me. We’d spend skin to bring bursts of flavor and sur- For the crystallized rosemary: ingredients to the olive oil mixture and mix hours clambering around and hiding prise, a few strips of pared lemon to in- juice 10 small rosemary sprigs, no more until combined. Increase speed to high out, the smell of citrus still hanging fuse a stew. Lemon, for me, is what 1¾ cups/175 grams sifted than 1 inch each in size (see note) and whisk for 1 minute. makes food sing. confectioners’ sugar 1 egg white, lightly whisked Citrus in all its forms appears as often 5. Scrape batter into the Bundt pan and 2 teaspoons granulated or superfine in my baking as it does in my savory 1. At least 6 hours before you plan to ice smooth the top with a small spatula. Bake sugar cooking, even when it’s not shouting the cake, prepare the crystallized for 30 to 35 minutes, or until cake is about itself. As with the limonaia during rosemary: Brush rosemary on all sides cooked and a skewer inserted into the those summer months in Italy, citrus For the cake: doesn’t always need to be seen for its with a little of the egg white and then dip it middle comes out clean. Remove from About 2 tablespoons/30 grams presence to be felt. Sometimes, of in the sugar, so the needles are lightly oven and let cool for 10 minutes before unsalted butter, softened, for course, the citrus is loud and clear: Or- coated on all sides. Set aside on a wire inverting onto a serving plate. (You may ange is very much the lead act in the ac- greasing the pan rack to dry. Repeat with remaining want to trim the cake at this stage, if it companying recipe. Often, though, the 2 cups/240 grams all-purpose flour, rosemary. rises unevenly, to allow it to sit flat on the role played by citrus is more of a sup- more to flour the pan plate.) porting one and — if we define magic as ¾ cup/160 milliliters extra-virgin 2. Make the cake: Heat oven to 325 6. Prepare the icing: In a small bowl, whisk that which brings about an effect with- olive oil degrees Fahrenheit. Generously grease a together orange juice, lemon juice and out showing its hand at work — a little ½ cup plus 1 teaspoon/120 grams 9-inch Bundt pan with half the butter and confectioners’ sugar until smooth. When bit magic. superfine sugar refrigerate for 10 minutes. Butter again, the cake has cooled, drizzle icing on top, This magic can still be about scent 1 tablespoon finely grated orange generously, and then flour it, tapping away and flavor: the grated lemon zest in a allowing it to drip down the sides of the zest (from about 1½ oranges) the excess. butter-rich pastry shell, or the subtle cake, then top with the crystallized 1½ tablespoons/7 grams packed 3. Put olive oil, superfine sugar, orange hint of orange zest in a batch of cran- rosemary and serve. berry, oat and white chocolate cookies. finely chopped rosemary leaves zest and chopped rosemary leaves in the It can be about the way citrus balances 2 large eggs bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the Note: For the rosemary, you want small, other flavors in a dish: the addition of ½ cup/130 grams sour cream whisk attachment. Whisk on medium decorative clusters of needles. The lemon zest and juice in an almond paste, 2 teaspoons baking powder speed until combined, then add eggs, one simplest way to do this is to pull the for example, to prevent it from being too ¼ teaspoon salt at a time. Whisk for another minute, until smaller, bottommost clumps off of large sickly sweet, or the juice and zest of thick, then add sour cream and mix until sprigs, or trim off the very tops of several limes used to cut through the richness of combined on low speed. Scrape down the sprigs. a cheesecake. It can also, though, be about the huge utility of citrus in bak- ing: its functional role as an acid and the effect it can therefore have on other in- gredients. Take the act of whisking egg whites to ries that are being cooked to make jelly erful scent of bergamot, bitter Seville or- dish, rather than bringing the bright- make simple meringues (or cakes or or jam. To set, the gelling agent in fruit, anges or Sicilian blood oranges, all kind ness and balance that citrus so beauti- soufflés). For the egg whites to increase pectin, needs to be coaxed out. A tea- of limes and yuzu or kumquats. If you do fully provides. sufficiently in volume when they are be- spoon or two of lemon juice is enough to want to scratch further, then just one bit ing whipped, they need to be stabilized make that happen. of practical advice: Whether you’re juic- Yotam Ottolenghi is a British chef and by the addition of something acidic. Oranges and lemons are the work- ing or zesting or cutting out the seg- the author of several cookbooks, includ- While cream of tartar is often used, a few horses of my kitchen, but I’ve barely ments of flesh to chop up, be sure to ing “Plenty,” “Plenty More” and, with drops of lemon juice per egg white scratched the citrus surface here — no avoid the white pith in the membrane, Sami Tamimi, “Jerusalem.” He is also an works just as well. Or think of when lem- mention of grapefruit or sour oranges, which encases each segment. Crushing owner of the Ottolenghi cafes and Nopi RIKKI SNYDER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES on juice is added to apples or blueber- mandarins or the mottled skin and pow- this will release a bitterness into the restaurant in London.

food. And for me, a simple way to under- chains are now dedicated to providing Who among us understands the ingredi- stand wine, to elevate the quality of great ingredients that meet heightened ents that go into, say, a mass-market Essential words what you consume and the pleasure you aesthetic, medical, moral and ethical breakfast cereal? Millions of people take in it, is to treat wine as if it were an- considerations. could not care less and buy these prod- other staple of the table, just as you Thinking about wine in the same way ucts anyway. to bear in mind: would the produce, meat and bread that is a significant first step toward improv- But with comprehensive labeling, you shop for and eat. ing the quality of the wine you drink and those who want to avoid artificial or sus- In the last few decades, Americans the pleasure you take in it. pect ingredients have the opportunity to Wine is food have become far more conscious of the Under United States law, a wine can- do so. They should have the same oppor- ingredients in their meals. Categories not be called organic unless it is made tunity with wine. like organic foods, once the province of from grapes that have been certified as And you can bet that once people be- Think about what you drink as carefully eccentric health nuts, are now main- organic, has been fermented with or- gin to ask questions about the ingredi- stream and big business. Shopping is no ganic yeast and has no added sulfur di- ents and processes involved in making as you do about what you eat longer a clear-cut matter of driving the oxide, a preservative that is used in all wine, the industry will begin to cater car to the supermarket and loading up; but the most natural of wines. more to this growing group of educated BY ERIC ASIMOV it carries a host of ethical, political and Very few wines can be called organic, consumers. aesthetic considerations. though many are made from organically Thinking of wine as food will affect Many people seek an easy formula for Where and how is food grown and grown grapes. That alone may offer no shopping decisions in another impor- choosing better wines. raised? How are animals treated? Fla- clues to the quality of the wine. Organic tant way. Many people who may care I’m often asked if I can suggest a vor, a factor that was once relegated to grapes, like industrially farmed grapes, enough to buy meat, fish, bread and book, or a class, or a particular wine the bottom of the food industry’s list of can be processed in the winery with produce from specialty purveyors or magazine. But trying to master the vast priorities, is again front and center. The great artifice and little regard for pro- farmers’ markets continue to buy their array of wine producers from almost all distance that food must travel is critical ducing a forthright product. What’s wine in supermarkets, big-box retailers corners of the earth is a long, though fas- to many, as is the role of science and in- HARRY CAMPBELL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES more, many small farmers of great in- or convenience stores. If you care about cinating, slog. I’m still trudging along dustry. tegrity work organically, or adhere to wine, that is a mistake. that endless route myself. All of these considerations are funda- and customer desires, so are they filled even stricter principles than the defini- You may happen on a good bottle, but Fortunately, there is a simpler solu- mental to the food revolution that has with bottles of processed wine. Wine in the tion requires, but don’t bother certifying chances are you will not. For that, you tion that does not require poring over vastly improved both the quality of what These wines are not the simple, pas- classic sense is their work because of the expense and need a store run by passionate devotees tomes that daunt you with complexity, we eat and the pleasure we take in it. Yet toral expressions of an agricultural cul- not a cocktail bureaucracy involved. So labels are not who do much of the advance work for or pamphlets that mislead you by prom- when it comes to wine, many who care ture. They are assembly-line wines, replacement. always meaningful. you. A good wine shop or online mer- ising easy expertise. deeply about their food are still drinking farmed industrially with chemical Even more important than labels like chant with a point of view, like a great All you have to do is remember three the equivalent of the square tomato. sprays, churned out in factories with It is an “organic” would be a greater sense of butcher or baker, will have performed a words: Wine is food. This blind spot has kept many con- technology and machinery and addi- integral part transparency in how grapes are grown rigorous selection process before This may sound absurd to people sumers from asking questions about tives, and tailored, just as processed of a meal. and wine is made. Processed foods are making its wares available to con- whose idea of wine appreciation is swill- how their wine is made, even though foods are, to specifications derived from required to list all the ingredients used sumers. Knowing that you are in a good ing a little red in a bar while their friends they may be hyperconscious of the substantial audience research and the during production. Why should wine be wine shop can sharpen your decision- are downing cocktails or beer. It will origins of the food they eat. use of focus groups. immune to such labeling requirements? making down to issues of taste and occa- make no sense to those for whom a glass What would happen if wine drinkers Most people don’t care about the intri- Many food-buying decisions are made sion rather than quality. of wine is merely the reward for arriving began to take an interest in the wine- cacies of what they consume, as long as after scanning the ingredient labels of Treating wine as food clarifies the no- home after a hard day’s work, as others making process? it tastes good to them. They have other competing products. Shouldn’t we want tion of what it is you have on the table. It may enjoy a Scotch on the rocks or a Make no mistake: Just as surely as priorities. to know what’s in our wine, too? simplifies wine and makes it more ap- martini. supermarket aisles in the United States But a significant minority do care The wine industry has long argued proachable. And it leads to the same But wine in the classic sense is not a are lined with processed foods, the prod- about what they eat, enough so that that consumers would find ingredient conclusion: To drink better wine, you cocktail replacement. It is an integral ucts of painstaking research into flavor farmers’ markets, butchers and bakers, labels confusing or incomprehensible. must ultimately find a better wine part of a meal, served at the table, with components, manufacturing techniques restaurants and whole supermarket That may be true, but it’s irrelevant. source. .. 28 | SATURDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH 18-19, 2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION weekend travel

Quiet beach walks, but lively nights

palate or wallet. For starters, fried On a string of barrier islands edged calamari with key lime rémoulade or goat cheese fritters with açaí poached with white sand and dotted with pear salsa, pecans and honey are excel- charming midcentury motels. lent choices for under $12. Entrees in- clude pecan-crusted snapper with roasted root vegetables, cranberry and 36 Hours ginger-orange beurre blanc. Key lime St. Pete Beach, Fla. pie is a tangy mousse surrounded by pil- lows of whipped cream ($9). Then head BY COLLEEN CREAMER upstairs to the hotel’s plush Lobby Bar for live jazz. The mixologists put new twists on old standards; their version of Not far from downtown St. Petersburg a Boulevardier ($16) is made by blend- lies a string of barrier islands edged ing the ingredients and then storing the with a perfect seam of white sugar sand concoction in oak barrels for six to eight beaches. The main town of what is often weeks. referred to as the “Gulf beaches” is bustling St. Pete Beach. Neighboring communities like Indian Shores, Ma- Saturday deira Beach and Treasure Island are more “Mad Men” than “Miami Vice” — Get Up ... Not so Fast 8 a.m. charming specimens of an older era, Sweet Brewnette in nearby Madeira studded with midcentury gems like the Beach is a retro coffee shop/restaurant Bon-Aire Resort Motel, the Algiers that serves nitro cold-brewed coffee. Beach Motel and the Postcard Inn. The The eclectic cafe (chandeliers and local pace is much calmer than, say, Miami art coexist nicely) offers smoothies, Beach, or Fort Lauderdale. Early morn- waffles and veggie scrambles for break- PHOTOGRAPHS BY ZACK WITTMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ing walks along the water can be bless- fast lovers. Expect to pay about $8 for edly solitary. The nights, however, are breakfast. (Consider returning for lunch grouper, sweet potato fries and French feet without causing tinnitus. Strike out has something for everyone: history, Sunbathers on the hopping. Each community has its own fare like the Amalfi Love salad, with aru- green beans ($23.99). Or opt for the on the sand for a pub crawl to neighbor- self-guided interpretive trails, fishing or sand near the Don coterie of tiki and beach bars, often gula, Parmesan, grapes, basil, pine nuts mother lode called the seafood broil: ing bars, the Sand Bar Beach Bar at the simply lazing on a pristine beach. You CeSar hotel in St. within a stroll of one another along the and lemon vinaigrette, or the $7 Caprese lobster tail, snow crab legs, clams, mus- Guy Harvey Outpost or the Toasted can kayak to two island preserves, Shell Pete Beach. sand. The Gulf supplies an abundance of grilled cheese, with tomato, garlic and sels and shrimp ($27.99). Monkey. Take note of the long board- Key and Egmont Key, or walk to the end grouper, snapper and other walkfish, basil pesto with a three-cheese blend on walk jutting out from Jimmy B’s; it will of the Fort De Soto fishing pier for a wide and the area is known for its “Gulf to grilled Cuban bread.) Boogie Nights 9 p.m. be a much-needed landmark heading view of the Gulf. Or, again, fish! grill” restaurants; it’s not uncommon to Consistently topping the area’s list of back. Then let the savory smoked fish see sunburned bodies wander into even A Bit of Everything 10 a.m. “best beach bars” is Jimmy B’s Beach spread ($10) from Jimmy B’s get you Last resort Noon the best restaurants with their fresh Grab the kids and set your GPS to Bar at the Beachcomber Beach Resort home full and happy. If you’ve snagged something edible, catch to be prepared in the kitchen. The nearby John’s Pass Village and Board- Hotel in St. Pete Beach. The sprawling take it to the Island Grille and Raw Bar beaches have more than enough activity walk, a Rubik’s Cube of restaurants, outdoor space with scattered bars and a — the chef knows what to do. If you did- to fill a few days; if possible, head inland bars, confectioneries and trinket mer- dance floor overlooks the Gulf. You can Sunday n’t catch anything, don’t despair: This to visit St. Petersburg, with its seven chants. In between the T-shirt/flip-flop dance, snack on crowd favorites like pretty, sprawling restaurant and bar has arts districts; the splendid Salvador shops are real gems like the Spice and blackened shrimp tacos ($13) or coconut History, Birds and Beach 9 a.m. something for everyone: seafood, oys- Dalí Museum, which attracts visitors Tea Exchange and Treehouse Puppets & shrimp with sweet chile sauce ($13). If Head to Tierra Verde to visit Fort De ters, or pork and chicken dishes. The from around the globe; or Haslam’s Treasures. Book a trip to watch dolphins tropical drinks are on the itinerary, go in Soto Park, more than 1,000 acres over lobster bisque ($7.50) is heavenly, and Book Store, a mecca for book lovers and or throw out a line to fish. If time allows, for the two-fisted Rum Runner with light five interconnected isles. Named for the key lime pie ($6) has a deeply sweet writers. grab some fresh-as-it-gets seafood at and dark rum, blackberry brandy, ba- Hernando De Soto, the fort was used as graham cracker crust that balances the Walt’z Fish Shak (open at noon Satur- nana liqueur, pineapple juice and grena- a stronghold by the Union Army during citrus. If happy hour appears close days); Walt’z sells fresh catch of the sea- dine ($8.95). Make no mistake, this is a the Civil War and was further con- (quite subjective here) take a look at the son. Expect to pay from $15 to $35. party bar — but one with style, and not structed as a defense in the Spanish- Island Grille’s list of draft beers and just of the thatched kind. Music is American War. The park is a rest stop wine. For the really road weary, the Time Travel 1:30 p.m. bouncy enough to get the crowd on its for more than 300 species of birds and Grille has a full bar. The Gulf Beaches Historical Museum, in the heart of Pass-A-Grille at the very tip of the main barrier island, is one of those finds that thrill history buffs. Here, in what was the first church in this small coastal hamlet — the property was saved in the late 1950s by the social Book Now +1-202-750-8073 editor and preservationist Joan Haley, who left the church to Pinellas County to be used as an island museum — are exhibits highlighting life in the early de- Cruising the Treasures of Southeast Asia velopment of the area’s beach communi- ties. Read about Silas Dent, the hermit of Cabbage Key, or peruse old postcards, World War II exhibits and photos from the early 1900s. The museum’s store of-

From $9,990

Sailing & Cruises Itinerary 13 days Departing Oct. 28, 2017 Vessel L’Austral

From Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam to Yangon in Myanmar, cruise the waters of Southeast Asia on this journey aboard the 466-foot megayacht L’Austral. With expert guidance and the accessibility a smaller ship offers, immerse yourself in one of the most beautiful regions of the world. • Mingle with longtime New York Times journalists. • See the legacies of the Vietnam War and Top, the peaks of fers books on local lore as well as a col- colonialism in Ho Chi Minh City. the Don CeSar. Friday lection of sea-themed children’s books, • With the guidance of Times-selected experts, Above, the band jewelry and free brochures on local sea learn more about this important region of Southern Yankees Cocktails in the Air 6:30 p.m. life and attractions. Grab one for the the world. performing at Watch the sun go down in spectacular walking tour, up next. Jimmy B’s Beach fashion at Level 11 Rooftop Artisan Bar. Bistro Bar. This circular bar offers views Walking Tour 4 p.m. ONBOARD EXPERTS not only of the Gulf but also of Boca The community of Pass-A-Grille is rec- Gretchen Morgenson, Times Columnist ognized as a National Register Historic Ciega Bay and glittering St. Petersburg. has covered the world financial markets for The Times and won The crowd is diverse and friendly, as is District and is thought to be named for the Pulitzer Prize for her coverage of Wall Street. At Forbes, she the staff. A “light fare” menu won’t wipe the 18th-century “grilleurs” who dried became national press secretary to Steve Forbes when he ran out your appetite for dinner. Craft cock- fish on the beach. The self-guided walk- for president. She has won two Gerald Loeb awards. tails include the Strawberry Blonde ing tour includes some of the town’s ear- Roger Cohen, Times Op-Ed Columnist (prosecco, strawberry vodka, pineapple liest buildings, many still functioning in joined The New York Times in 1990. He was a foreign juice and strawberry purée, $11). Pa- this community, including a home once correspondent for more than a decade before becoming acting foreign editor on Sept. 11, 2001, and foreign editor six months trons wander about, awaiting a perfect used for U.S.O. dances during World later. Since 2004, he has written a column for the International view of the sun as it bids adieu, often re- War II. If biking is more your style, head New York Times, formerly known as The International Herald sulting in applause. over to nearby Merry Pier to rent bikes Tribune. In 2009 he was named a columnist of The New York ($8 per hour, $25 for the day); be sure to Times. His columns appear on Tuesdays and Fridays. Repast at the Pink Palace 8:30 p.m. cruise Eighth Avenue, believed to be Richard Paddock, Times Foreign Correspondent Head a few blocks south to the Don Ce- one of the tiniest Main Streets in Amer- reports on Southeast Asia as a contributor to The New Sar for dinner Gatsby style. The enor- ica and seriously charming. Or stay and York Times based in Bangkok. He has worked as a foreign correspondent for more than a dozen years and reported mous “pink palace” opened in 1928, the fish: The pier rents fishing tackle. from nearly 50 countries on five continents, including architecture a blend of Mediterranean wartime Bosnia and Iraq. and Moorish styles. It immediately Eat Like a Local 6 p.m. pulled in some of the era’s most celebrat- Sea Critters Cafe is a rustic, relaxed, fun- ed, and most notorious, figures; both F. but-no-nonsense seafood restaurant on Book Now +1-202-750-8073 Travel with the water that local residents love not Scott Fitzgerald and Al Capone stayed Learn more at nytimes.com/timesjourneys Follow us on Facebook here. Nearly closed some decades ago, only because the food is fantastic but the hotel was saved in 1973. For dinner also because those who can prove they Quoted tour prices are per person, double occupancy except where indicated and subject to availability. All terms and conditions can be found at nytimes.com/timesjourneys or you can call 855-NYT-9959 and request a copy be sent to you. CST# 2122227-40. there is the luxe Maritana Grille, but the live here pay less. Follow your cocktail Sea Porch Café won’t disappoint either (say, a tiramisù martini) with blackened