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Timber Flooring Installation, Design Guide 9

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Timber Flooring Installation, Design Guide 9 09 Timber Flooring Design guide for installation Technical Design Guide issued by Forest and Wood Products Australia 04 01 09 Building with Timber in Bushfire-prone Areas BCA Compliant Design and Construction Guide WoodSolutions is an industry initiative designed to provide Technical Design Guide issued by Forest and Wood Products Australia Timber-framed Construction for Townhouse Buildings Timber Flooring independent, non-proprietary information about timber and Class 1a Design guide for installation Design and construction guide for BCA compliant Technical Design Guide issued by Forest and Wood Products Australia sound and fire-rated construction wood products to professionals and companies involved in Technical Design Guide issued by Forest and Wood Products Australia building design and construction. WoodSolutions is resourced by Forest and Wood Products Technical Design Guides Australia (FWPA). It is a collaborative effort between FWPA A growing suite of information, technical and members and levy payers, supported by industry peak training resources created to support the use of bodies and technical associations. wood in the design and construction of buildings. This work is supported by funding provided to FWPA Topics include: by the Commonwealth Government. #01 Timber-framed Construction for Townhouse Buildings Class 1a ISBN 978-1-921763-19-9 #02 Timber-framed Construction for Prepared by: Multi-residential Buildings Class 2, 3 & 9c David Hayward #03 Timber-framed Construction for Australian Timber Flooring Association Commercial Buildings Class 5, 6, 9a & 9b First produced: April 2009 #04 Building with Timber in Bushfi re-prone Areas Revised: August 2010, May 2012 #05 Timber service life design - Design Guide for Durability © 2012 Forest and Wood Products Australia Limited. #06 Timber-framed Construction - All rights reserved. Sacrifi cial Timber Construction Joint These materials are published under the brand WoodSolutions by FWPA. #07 Plywood Box Beam Construction IMPORTANT NOTICE for Detached Housing Whilst all care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information #08 Stairs, Balustrades and Handrails contained in this publication, Forest and Wood Products Australia Limited and Class 1 Buildings - Construction WoodSolutions Australia and all persons associated with them (FWPA) as #09 Timber Flooring - Design Guide for Installation well as any other contributors make no representations or give any warranty regarding the use, suitability, validity, accuracy, completeness, currency or #10 Timber Windows and Doors reliability of the information, including any opinion or advice, contained in this publication. To the maximum extent permitted by law, FWPA disclaims all #11 Noise Transport Corridor Design Guide warranties of any kind, whether express or implied, including but not limited #12 Impact and Assessment of to any warranty that the information is up-to-date, complete, true, legally Moisture-affected, Timber-framed Construction compliant, accurate, non-misleading or suitable. #13 Finishing Timber Externally To the maximum extent permitted by law, FWPA excludes all liability in contract, tort (including negligence), or otherwise for any injury, loss or #14 Timber in Internal Design damage whatsoever (whether direct, indirect, special or consequential) arising out of or in connection with use or reliance on this publication (and #15 Building with Timber for Thermal Performance any information, opinions or advice therein) and whether caused by any #16 Massive Timber Construction Systems errors, defects, omissions or misrepresentations in this publication. Individual Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) requirements may vary from those discussed in this publication and you are advised to check with State authorities to ensure building compliance as well Other WoodSolutions Publications as make your own professional assessment of the relevant applicable laws R-Values for Timber-framed Building Elements and Standards. To view all current titles or for more information The work is copyright and protected under the terms of the Copyright Act visit woodsolutions.com.au 1968 (Cwth). All material may be reproduced in whole or in part, provided that it is not sold or used for commercial benefi t and its source (Forest & Wood Products Australia Limited) is acknowledged and the above disclaimer is included. Reproduction or copying for other purposes, which is strictly reserved only for the owner or licensee of copyright under the Copyright Act, is prohibited without the prior written consent of FWPA. WoodSolutions Australia is a registered business division of Forest and Wood Products Australia Limited. Table of Contents Introduction 4 1. Timber Flooring and Floor Finishes 6 1.1 Movement in Timber Floors . 6 1.2 Timber Species and Characteristics . 6 1.3 Floors Over Different Sub-Floors . .10 1.4 Floor Finish Types and Characteristics. .10 2. Pre-Installation Requirements 13 2.1 Storage and Handling Procedures . .13 2.2 Timber Flooring Standards and Specifications. .13 2.3 Evaluating Site Conditions and the Installation Environment . .14 2.4 Considering the Likely Movement After Installation . .17 2.5 Installation Moisture Content and Acclimatisation . .17 3. Installation to Timber and Sheet Sub-Floors 19 3.1 Sub-Floor Ventilation . .19 3.2 Assessing Fixing Requirements . .21 3.3 Allowance for Expansion in Floors . .22 3.4 Floor Laying Practices . .22 3.5 Installation of Strip Flooring Direct to Joists . .23 3.6 Installation of Strip Flooring over Existing Timber and Sheet Floors on Joists. .25 3.7 Installation of Strip Flooring over Plywood and Battens on Concrete Slabs . .27 4. Installation by Direct Adhesive Fix to Slabs 32 4.1 Assessing and Preparing the Slab . .32 4.2 Moisture Vapour Barriers . .33 4.3 Adhesives. .34 4.4 Direct Stick Installation Practices . .35 5. Sanding and Finishing Timber Floors 38 5.1 Assessing the Floor Prior to Sanding . .38 5.2 Preparation for Sanding . .38 5.3 Sanding . .39 5.4 Coating System Application . .42 6. Overall Appearance to be Expected 45 6.1 Acceptable Appearance . .45 7. Care and Maintenance 49 7.1 A Newly Finished Floor . .49 7.2 Ongoing Care and Maintenance . .49 Appendices Appendix A – Moisture Content and Timber Movement. .51 Appendix B – Measuring Moisture Content of Timber and Sheet Products. .55 Appendix C – Slab Moisture Assessment . .62 Appendix D – Acoustic Performance . .65 Appendix E – Underfloor Heating . .68 Appendix F – Installation Checklist . .72 Appendix G – Troubleshooting Guide . .75 #09 • Timber Flooring Design Guide Page 3 Introduction Scope This publication provides a reference guide for the installation of solid timber strip flooring over bearers and joists, timber-based sheet flooring products and concrete slabs. Generally, floors of this type are of solid timber or a laminated product made from layers of timber, bonded together. Flooring fits together with a tongue and groove joint. After the flooring is in place, the floor is sanded and finished. There are a number of other timber flooring products that are not of this type and are not covered by this guide. These include parquetry, pre- finished floors and ‘floating’ timber floor systems. When installing a strip timber floor, many aspects must be considered, including the house design, environment in which the floor is to be laid and the desired appearance of the finished floor. Such aspects influence the choice of species, cover width, fixings and finish to be applied. Information relating to product selection, assessing the installation environment, floor installation, sanding and finishing are provided in the guide, together with additional information of importance to the floor installer, sander and finisher. The Flooring Process Strip timber flooring is available in a wide range of species and colours, from harder and softer timbers and a variety of profiles and cover widths. Prior to the finished floor being handed over, there are a number of processes that must be correctly undertaken to achieve a floor with the performance and appearance that is of a professional standard. Each stage generally involves different sectors of the industry, each having specific skills. Each stage is of equal importance, with defined responsibilities. A lack of attention at any particular stage can adversely affect the finished floor. The stages are as follows: • Manufacture – Usually carried out by a sawmiller, however, dried rough sawn boards may be machined into finished floor boards undertaken by a separate operation. • Distribution – Flooring is often sold to timber merchants who on-sell to the installer. • Specification – Architects, designers and owners usually specify the product to be installed. • Sub-floor – Builders provide the joists and bearers or slab over which a floor is laid. • Installation – Specialist floor installers and carpenters install floors over the sub-floor. • Sanding and Finishing – Generally undertaken by professional floor sanders and finishers. Selective logging from sustainable managed forests often starts the process. #09 • Timber Flooring Design Guide Page 4 The Owner’s Choice Aspects relating to what customers desire are of paramount importance and should not be taken lightly. They are relying on the expertise of those in the six stages outlined above and each area can influence the owner’s satisfaction with their floor. Each floor is unique and is often seen by the owner as a focal point of the interior design. Those selecting a timber floor will often choose on colour, with board
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