Checklist and Review of the Scorpion Fauna of Iraq (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
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The Scorpions of Jordan
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at The scorpions of Jordan Z.S. AMR & M. ABU BAKER Abstract: 15 species and subspecies representing 10 genera within three families (Buthidae, Diplocen- tridae and Scorpionidae) have been recorded in Jordan. Distribution and diagnostic features for the scorpions of Jordan are given. Key words: Scorpions, Scorpionida, Buthidae, Jordan, taxonomy, zoogeography, arid environments. Introduction and Scorpionidae are represented by a single genus for each (Nebo and Scorpio). Scorpions are members of the class Arachnida (phylum Arthropoda). They are one of the most ancient animals, and per- Family Buthidae haps they appeared about 350 million years Triangular sternum is the prominent fea- ago during the Silurian period, where they ture of representatives in this family. Three invaded terrestrial habitats from an am- to five eyes are usually present and the tel- phibious ancestor (VACHON 1953). Scorpi- son is usually equipped with accessory ons are characterised by their elongated and spines. This family includes most of the ven- segmented body that consists of the omous scorpions. cephalothorax or prosoma, abdomen or mesosoma and tail or the metasoma. These Leiurus quinquestriatus HEMPRICH & animals are adapted to survive under harsh EHRENBERG 1829 (Fig. 1c) desert conditions. Diagnosis: Yellow in colour. The first Due to their medical importance, the two mesosomal tergites have 5 keels. Adult scorpions of Jordan received considerable specimens may reach 9 cm in length. attention of several workers (VACHON 1966; Measurements: Total length 3-7,7 cm LEVY et al. 1973; WAHBEH 1976; AMR et al. (average 5,8 cm), prosoma 3,8-9,6 mm, 1988, EL-HENNAWY 1988; AMR et al. -
A Global Accounting of Medically Significant Scorpions
Toxicon 151 (2018) 137–155 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: Epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts T ∗ Micaiah J. Ward , Schyler A. Ellsworth1, Gunnar S. Nystrom1 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Scorpions are an ancient and diverse venomous lineage, with over 2200 currently recognized species. Only a Scorpion small fraction of scorpion species are considered harmful to humans, but the often life-threatening symptoms Venom caused by a single sting are significant enough to recognize scorpionism as a global health problem. The con- Scorpionism tinued discovery and classification of new species has led to a steady increase in the number of both harmful and Scorpion envenomation harmless scorpion species. The purpose of this review is to update the global record of medically significant Scorpion distribution scorpion species, assigning each to a recognized sting class based on reported symptoms, and provide the major toxin classes identified in their venoms. We also aim to shed light on the harmless species that, although not a threat to human health, should still be considered medically relevant for their potential in therapeutic devel- opment. Included in our review is discussion of the many contributing factors that may cause error in epide- miological estimations and in the determination of medically significant scorpion species, and we provide suggestions for future scorpion research that will aid in overcoming these errors. 1. Introduction toxins (Possani et al., 1999; de la Vega and Possani, 2004; de la Vega et al., 2010; Quintero-Hernández et al., 2013). -
Arachnologische Arachnology
Arachnologische Gesellschaft E u Arachnology 2015 o 24.-28.8.2015 Brno, p Czech Republic e www.european-arachnology.org a n Arachnologische Mitteilungen Arachnology Letters Heft / Volume 51 Karlsruhe, April 2016 ISSN 1018-4171 (Druck), 2199-7233 (Online) www.AraGes.de/aramit Arachnologische Mitteilungen veröffentlichen Arbeiten zur Faunistik, Ökologie und Taxonomie von Spinnentieren (außer Acari). Publi- ziert werden Artikel in Deutsch oder Englisch nach Begutachtung, online und gedruckt. Mitgliedschaft in der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft beinhaltet den Bezug der Hefte. Autoren zahlen keine Druckgebühren. Inhalte werden unter der freien internationalen Lizenz Creative Commons 4.0 veröffentlicht. Arachnology Logo: P. Jäger, K. Rehbinder Letters Publiziert von / Published by is a peer-reviewed, open-access, online and print, rapidly produced journal focusing on faunistics, ecology Arachnologische and taxonomy of Arachnida (excl. Acari). German and English manuscripts are equally welcome. Members Gesellschaft e.V. of Arachnologische Gesellschaft receive the printed issues. There are no page charges. URL: http://www.AraGes.de Arachnology Letters is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Autorenhinweise / Author guidelines www.AraGes.de/aramit/ Schriftleitung / Editors Theo Blick, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M. and Callistus, Gemeinschaft für Zoologische & Ökologische Untersuchungen, D-95503 Hummeltal; E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sascha -
Reanalysis of the Genus Scorpio Linnaeus 1758 in Sub-Saharan Africa and Description of One New Species from Cameroon
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 15 Autor(en)/Author(s): Lourenco Wilson R. Artikel/Article: Reanalysis of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus 1758 in sub-Saharan Africa and description of one new species from Cameroon (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae) 99-113 ©Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, www.zobodat.at Entomol. Mitt. zool. Mus. Hamburg15(181): 99-113Hamburg, 15. November 2009 ISSN 0044-5223 Reanalysis of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus 1758 in sub-Saharan Africa and description of one new species from Cameroon (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae) W ilson R. Lourenço (with 32 figures) Abstract For almost a century, Scorpio maurus L., 1758 (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae) has been considered to be no more than a widespread and presumably highly polymorphic species. Past classifications by Birula and Vachon have restricted the status of different populations to subspecific level. In the present paper, and in the light of new evidence, several African populations are now raised to the rank of species. One of these, Scorpio occidentalis Werner, 1936, is redescribed and a neotype proposed to stabilise the taxonomy of the group. A new species is also described from the savannah areas of Cameroon. This is the second to be recorded from regions outside the Sahara desert zone. Keywords: Scorpiones, Scorpionidae, Scorpio, new rank, new species, Africa, Cameroon. Introduction The genus Scorpio was created by Linnaeus in 1758 (in part), and has Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758 as its type species, defined by subsequent designation (Karsch 1879; see also Fet 2000). -
Zehirli Arthropodlar: Akrepler, Örümcekler, Böcekler Ve Çiyanlar
ZEHİRLİ ARTHROPODLAR: AKREPLER, ÖRÜMCEKLER, BÖCEKLER VE ÇIYANLAR Ebubekir YÜKSEL1*, Salih TAŞÇI1 , Ramazan CANHİLAL1 1Erciyes Üniversitesi, Seyrani Ziraat Fakültesi, 38039, Melikgazi/Kayseri *sorumlu yazar: [email protected] Derleme Yayın Bilgisi Özet Geliş Tarihi: 15.10.2020 Arthropodlar yeryüzünde bulunan canlılar arasında hayatta kalma ve neslini devam Revizyon Tarihi: 01.12.2020 ettirme bakımından en başarılı organizmalar arasında görülmektedir. Bu başarıya Kabul Tarihi:14.12.2020 arthropodların avlanma ve savunma amaçlı kullandıkları bazı zehirli bileşiklerin oldukça ciddi bir katkısı olmuştur. Her yıl dünyanın birçok yerinde insanlar zehirli arthropodlarla farklı şekilllerde etkileşime girmekte ve bunun sonucunda bu arthropodlar tarafından klinik tedaviye ihtiyaç duyacak şekilde zarar görmektedirler. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında birçok insanın doğadaki organizmaları yeterince iyi Anahtar Kelimeler Böcek ısırması, Böcek sokması, Zehirli tanımaması ve onların yaşam alanlarını işgal etmesi gibi sebepler bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması ile insanlar için tehlikeli olabilecek zehirli arthropodlara yönelik böcekler, Zehirli örümcekler genel bir bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Poisonous Arthropods: Scorpions, Spiders, Insects and Centipedes Abstract Arthropods are considered to be among the most successful organisms in terms of survival and continuing the generation among living things on earth. Some poisonous compounds that arthropods use for hunting and defense purposes have contributed significantly to this success. Each year, in many parts of the world, people interact with venomous arthropods in different ways and as a result, they get hurt by these arthropods that require clinical treatment. There are different reasons for this situation Keywords such as organisms in nature are not well known by people and occupation of their Insect bites, Insect sting, Poisonous insects, habitats by people. -
Burrowing Activities of Scorpio Maurus Towensendi JEZS 2015; 3 (1): 270-274 © 2015 JEZS (Arachnida: Scorpionida: Scorpionidae) in Province of Received: 08-01-2015
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3 (1): 270-274 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Burrowing activities of Scorpio maurus towensendi JEZS 2015; 3 (1): 270-274 © 2015 JEZS (Arachnida: Scorpionida: Scorpionidae) in province of Received: 08-01-2015 Accepted: 30-01-2015 Khouzestan sw Iran Navidpour SH Razi Reference Laboratory of Navidpour SH, Vazirianzadeh B, Mohammadi A Scorpion Research (RRLS), Dep. of Venomous Animals and Abstract Antivenin Production, Razi However, burrows provide very important facilities for scorpions, a little knowledge has been established Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. so far regarding burrow habitat. The aim of current study was to describe the burrowing biology of S. maurus towensendi in some parts of Khouzestan a south west province of Iran, which is a habitat of this Vazirianzadeh B species. This research study was carried out through a particular nest sampling procedure in 12 nesting Health Research Institute, sites of scorpions of Ahvaz and Shoushtar, sw of Iran. No significant difference was recorded in ratios of Infectious and Tropical Diseases dimensions of scorpion borrows in the present study. Findings of the current study indicated that S. Research Center, Jundishapur maurus used same engineering method in excavating their tunnels. The comparison among the ratios of University of Medical Sciences, width/height using lower and upper limits of nest dimensions showed no significant different in the way Ahvaz, Iran and Dept of Medical of tunnels during making the nests. This fact explained that similar techniques, using the pedipalps, were Entomology Ahvaz. applied in nest making by this species. -
Morphology and Histology of Venom Gland of Scorpio Maurus Kruglovi (Birula, 1910) (Scorpionidae:Scorpiones) Pp
Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol.27, No.5, 2015 Morphology And Histology Of Venom Gland Of Scorpio Maurus Kruglovi (Birula, 1910) (Scorpionidae:Scorpiones) pp. (59-62) Sherwan Taeeb Ahmed Department of Biology,College of Science,University of Salahaddin/Erbil -Iraq [email protected] Received: 18/05/2015 Accepted: 12/07/2015 Abstract The venom apparatus of Scorpio maurus kruglovi (Birula,1910) collected from Latifawa (Erbil city, Kurdistan/Iraq) were examined morphologically and histologically. The results showed that they are composed of a bulbous vesicle and a curved stinger, both situated in the last segment of the metasoma. The vesicle bears numerous sensory hairs or setae but the stinger bears no hairs. Cross sections of the vesicles showed two similar venom glands separated by bundles of striated muscles, covered with a thick cuticle and lined with extensively simply folded secretory epithelium. There are two layers of cuboidal cells between cuticle and glandular epithelium surrounding the wide lumen. The venom-producing cells are apocrine type, filled with coarse granules. Keyword: Scorpionidae, Scorpio, venom gland, histology Introduction corpions are venomous arthropods,there are more than 16 different families, and about 1500 species (Yigit and Benli,2008). Their venom apparatus or telson which is situated S at the end of the metasoma, is usually composed of a bulbous vesicle that contain the venom glands and a sharp, curved stinger or aculeus to deliver venom used for both prey capture and defense (Polis,1990). Hundreds of venom peptides and proteins have been characterized from various scorpion species majority of them are the neurotoxic polypeptides. -
Euscorpius. 2009
Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology Description of a New Species of Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Southеastеrn Turkey Ersen Aydın Yağmur, Halil Koç, and Kadir Boğaç Kunt October 2009 – No. 85 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located on Website ‘http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/euscorpius/’ at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755-2510, USA. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 4th Edition, 1999) does not accept online texts as published work (Article 9.8); however, it accepts CD-ROM publications (Article 8). Euscorpius is produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293). Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius are considered published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. -
Genetic Diversity Within Scorpio Maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Turkey
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 13 (1): 27-33 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2017 Article No.: e161304 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Genetic diversity within Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Turkey Halil KOÇ1,*, Hülya SİPAHİ1 and Ersen Aydın YAĞMUR2 1. Sinop University, Science and Art Faculty, Biology Department, Sinop, Turkey 2. Alaşehir Vocational School, Celal Bayar University, Alaşehir, Manisa, Turkey * Corresponding author, H. Koç, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 08. January 2015 / Accepted: 29. June 2016 / Available online: 19. September 2016 / Printed: June 2017 Abstract. In this study, DNA sequence diversity of the mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene was investigated in Scorpio maurus specimens from across southeastern Turkey. Nucleotide sequences included 508 conserved sites and 126 variable sites, and the mean nucleotide variation within species was 7.9%. Intraspecific pairwise divergences ranged from 0.5% to 10.7%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated high divergence among specimens. This study is the first mtDNA sequence analysis for Turkish scorpions. Key words: Scorpio maurus, intraspecific variation, mitochondrial DNA, CO1, Turkey. Introduction scorpionid genera based on 12S, 16S, CO1 and 28S rDNA sequence data that included S. m. fuscus Scorpio maurus L. is one of the first species de- (Ehrenberg, 1829) from Israel and S. m. palmatus scribed by Linnaeus (1758). It has long been (Ehrenberg, 1828) from Egypt. More recently, known as a widespread, polymorphic species (Fet Froufe et al. (2008) examined CO1 diversity within 2000). Birula (1910) first reviewed all S. maurus S. maurus from Morocco. Their study included S. populations in northern Africa and the Middle maurus birulai Fet, 1997, S. -
Determination of the Median Lethal Dose and Electrophoretic Pattern of Hottentotta Saulcyi (Scorpiones, Buthidae) Scorpion Venom
J Arthropod-Borne Dis, December 2015, 9(2): 238–245 E A Yağmur et al.: Determination of the … Original Article Determination of the Median Lethal Dose and Electrophoretic Pattern of Hottentotta saulcyi (Scorpiones, Buthidae) Scorpion Venom *Ersen Aydın Yağmur 1, Özcan Özkan 2, K Zafer Karaer 3 1Alaşehir Vocational School, Celal Bayar University, Alaşehir, Manisa, Turkey 2Drug and Medical Device Agency of Turkey, Turkey 3Department of Entomology and Protozoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey (Received 27 Oct 2013; accepted 2 Aug 2014) Abstract Background: In this study, we investigated the lethal potency, electrophoretic protein pattern and in vivo effects of Hottentotta saulcyi scorpion venom in mice. Methods: Scorpions were collected at night, by using a UV lamp from Mardin Province, Turkey. Venom was ob- tained from mature H. saulcyi scorpions by electrical stimulation of the telson. The lethality of the venom was de- termined by i.v. injections using Swiss mice. In vivo effects of the venom were assessed by using the intraperitoneal route (ip) injections into mice (20±1g) and monitored for 24 h. The protein profiles of the scorpion venom were an- alyzed by NuPAGE® Novex® 4–12 % gradient Bis-Tris gel followed by Coomassie blue staining. Results: The lethal assay of the venom was 0.73 mg/kg in mice. We determined the electrophoretic protein pattern of this scorpion venom to be 4, 6, 9, 31, 35, 40, 46 and 69 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Analysis of electrophoresis indicated that H. saulcyi scorpion intoxicated mice exhibited autonomic nervous system symptoms (tachypnea, restlessness, hyperexcitability, convulsions, salivation, lacrimation, weakness). -
(Scorpiones: Buthidae) Venom a Thesis Submitted
PEPTIDOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF LEIURUS ABDULLAHBAYRAMI (SCORPIONES: BUTHIDAE) VENOM A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EFE ERDEŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY JANUARY 2015 Approval of the thesis: PEPTIDOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF LEIURUS ABDULLAHBAYRAMI (SCORPIONES: BUTHIDAE) VENOM submitted by EFE ERDEŞ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver _______________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Filiz Bengü Dilek _______________ Head of Department, Biotechnology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Can Özen _______________ Supervisor, Biotechnology Department, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mayda Gürsel _______________ Co-supervisor, Biology Department, METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Halit Sinan Süzen _______________ Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Can Özen _______________ Biotechnology Department, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çağdaş Devrim Son _______________ Biology Department, METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Salih Özçubukçu _______________ Chemistry Department, METU Dr. Tamay Şeker _______________ Central Laboratory, METU Date: 16.01.2015 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Efe ERDEŞ Signature : iv ABSTRACT PEPTIDOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOACTIVITY SCREENING OF LEIURUS ABDULLAHBAYRAMI (SCORPIONES: BUTHIDAE) VENOM Erdeş, Efe M.S., Department of Biotechnology Supervisor: Assoc. -
Scorpiones: Iuridae) Venom
Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2018) 42: 490-497 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/biy-1804-35 Peptidomic characterization and bioactivity of Protoiurus kraepelini (Scorpiones: Iuridae) venom 1,2 3,4 5 5 5 Tuğba SOMAY DOĞAN , Naşit İĞCİ , Ayşenur BİBER , Selin GEREKÇİ , Hepşen Hazal HÜSNÜGİL , 2 1,5,6, Afife İZBIRAK , Can ÖZEN * 1 Central Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey 4 Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey 5 Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 6 Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Received: 12.04.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 01.08.2018 Final Version: 10.12.2018 Abstract: Protoiurus kraepelini is a scorpion species found in parts of Turkey and Greece. In this study, the peptide profile of its venom was determined for the first time. The electrophoretic profile of the crude venom showed a protein distribution from 2 to 130 kDa. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the venom peptide fraction yielded 27 peptides between 1059 and 4623 Da in mass. Several ion channel- blocking and antimicrobial peptides were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of the venom were also demonstrated on Jurkat cells and Escherichia coli, respectively. As the first peptidomic characterization study on P.