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Chondrichthyes) from the Main Devonian Field (East European Platform)

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Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2014, 63, 3, 156–165 doi: 10.3176/earth.2014.14 New data on Karksiodus (Chondrichthyes) from the Main Devonian Field (East European Platform) Alexander Ivanova,b and Tiiu Märssc a Faculty of Geology, St. Petersburg State University, 16 Liniya 29, 199178, St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] b Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya St. 4/5, Kazan, Russia c Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] Received 25 May 2014, accepted 13 August 2014 Abstract. New teeth belonging to Karksiodus mirus Ivanov & Märss (Chondrichthyes) were found together with putative chondrichthyan scales in five new localities of the Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia, within the Aruküla and Burtnieki regional stages, Givetian, Middle Devonian. The teeth exhibit variability in the number of cusps, angles between the lateral cusps, base curvature, length of lateral parts and the prominence of the wall of the transversal basal canal. Karksiodus tooth material collected from these sites suggests that this taxon possesses an heterodont dentition and a specific, complex vascularization system affecting the dental base and the crown. Enameloid tissue seems to be absent, thus the surface striations on the cusps are presumably made up by orthodentine. The fish fauna from these localities is listed. Key words: Karksiodus, Chondrichthyes, Aruküla Regional Stage, Burtnieki Regional Stage, Givetian, Middle Devonian, Leningrad Region, Estonia. INTRODUCTION additional teeth from the Karksi outcrop and the new specimens from the Givetian of the localities from the Chondrichthyan remains are very rare in the Devonian Leningrad Region, Russia, are described in this paper. shallow-water deposits of the northwestern region of the East European Platform, on the territory called the Main Devonian Field (Borisyak 1922). This territory with the MATERIAL AND METHODS large exposure area of Devonian deposits includes parts of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the northern region The teeth of Karksiodus collected to date are usually of Belarus (the western part of the Main Devonian incomplete, with broken cusps and bases, exposing the Field), as well as the northwest of Russia: Leningrad, walls of the transverse basal vascular canal; they also Pskov, Novgorod and Vologda regions (the eastern part often show abraded surfaces. However, some teeth bear of the Main Devonian Field). Scarce chondrichthyan well-preserved striations on the cusps. scales have been reported from the Middle Devonian Most of the sandstone layers containing chondri- Narova (= Narva) and Burtnieki regional stages of Estonia chthyan remains were very weakly cemented and did and northwestern Russia (Karatajūtė-Talimaa 1997; not require acid preparation. Samples of the sandstone Märss et al. 2008). A few chondrichthyan teeth are also were fractioned and sieved. Vertebrate microremains known from the Middle (Aruküla and Burtnieki regional were then manually picked under an optical microscope. stages) and Late Devonian (Kursa and Mūri regional Acetic acid was utilized to recover vertebrate micro- stages) of Latvia, Estonia and northwestern Russia remains from the samples of dense, carbonate-cemented (Ivanov & Lukševičs 1994; Mark-Kurik & Karatajūtė- sandstone from the Kemka locality. The tooth micro- Talimaa 2004; Ivanov et al. 2011). Karksiodus mirus structure was examined in thin section; the images were Ivanov & Märss, 2011 (in Ivanov et al. 2011) is so far photographed at the different stages of polishing using the best-known, dentition-based chondrichthyan taxon the optical microscope Nikon ECLIPSE 50i and digital from the Main Devonian Field. The five teeth ascribed camera Nikon DS-Fi1. One tooth cusp was polished and to this species have been recorded in the Givetian etched for 10 sec in 5% HCl. The microremains were Aruküla deposits of the Aruküla cave (Mark-Kurik & micrographed using the scanning electron microscopes Karatajūtė-Talimaa 2004) and Burtnieki deposits of Cambridge CamScan-4, Tescan VEGA-II XMU and the Karksi outcrop, Estonia (Ivanov et al. 2011). The Zeiss EVO MA15. 156 A. Ivanov and T. Märss: New data on Karksiodus The described specimens are housed at the Pale- Lemovzha (Volosovo District), Siverskij, Zaitsevo and ontological Museum of St. Petersburg State University Novinka (Gatchina District) and Kemka (Luga District). (collection number PM SPU 70) and in the Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology (collection Lemovzha locality number GIT 383 with specimen numbers 47–49). The outcrop is located on the right bank of the Lemovzha River (right tributary of the Luga River), LOCALITY DATA 4.5 km upstream from the river mouth and 2.5 km from Khotnezha village (Fig. 1B). The Middle Devonian beds The new teeth of Karksiodus mirus Ivanov & Märss are well exposed in a cliff about 20 m high and 40 m were found in five distinct localities within the long. The section includes the deposits of the Narova Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia (Fig. 1): (Narva) Regional Stage in the lower part of the outcrop Fig. 1. A, B, location of the studied outcrops; the Karksi outcrop is shown by an asterisk in A; outcrops (localities) in the Leningrad Region are shown by asterisks in B: 1, Lemovzha; 2, Kemka; 3, Siverskij; 4, Zaitsevo; 5, Novinka. C, Stratigraphical interval of the studied outcrops (shown by grey rectangles) and levels of collected specimens (shown by a white arrow). 157 Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2014, 63, 3, 156–165 and the Aruküla Regional Stage (lower part of the Luga with additional data herein). The psammosteids and Regional Beds) in the upper part. The Narova deposits sarcopterygians are predominant among the vertebrate of the Lemovzha and Khotnezha members are re- macroremains. presented by brownish or dappled marls with brownish- The precise position of the boundary between the grey sandstones, bluish-grey siltstone and clay interlayers. Narova and Aruküla regional stages has not been Some marl levels downstream along the Lemovzha determined in the Lemovzha section. The tooth of River contain well-preserved remains of agnathans and Karksiodus mirus Ivanov & Märss was found in the fishes (Ivanov & Lebedev 2011; Skutschas et al. 2011; layer of brownish-grey, weakly cemented, fine- to Ivanov et al. 2012). The vertebrate assemblage occurring medium-grained, cross-bedded sandstones, 1.5 m above there includes the psammosteids Schizosteus splendens the marls and sandstones boundary. This layer contains (Eichwald) and S. striatus (Gross); the placoderms remains of the psammosteids Schizosteus splendens, Holonema sp., Homostius sp. and Byssacanthus dilatatus S. striatus and Pycnosteus pauli (V. Glinskiy, pers. (Eichwald); the acanthodians Archaeacanthus sp., comm. 2013); the placoderms Asterolepis sp. and Cheiracanthus longicostatus Gross, C. brevicostatus Coccosteidae indet.; the acanthodians Cheiracanthus Gross, Diplacanthus? sp., Haplacanthus sp., Markacanthus brevicostatus, Diplacanthus gravis, ‘Acanthodes’ sp., costulatus Valiukevičius, Ptychodictyon sp. and Homacanthus sp. and Rhadinacanthus sp.; and the P. distinctum Valiukevičius; and the sarcopterygians sarcopterygians Glyptolepis sp. and Osteolepididae indet. Glyptolepis? quadrata Eichwald, Struniiformes indet., The psammosteid taxa S. striatus and P. pauli occur Dipterus arenaceus Eichwald, cf. Gyroptychius sp., in the Narova and Aruküla regional stages. However, Thursius sp. and Osteolepiformes indet. (Valiukevičius S. splendens is only found within the Narova Regional 1985; Ivanov et al. 2012, with additional data herein). Stage (Mark-Kurik 2000). On the other hand, the The deposits of the Aruküla Regional Stage are acanthodian species Diplacanthus gravis is only known represented by brownish- and yellowish-grey, fine- to to occur in the Aruküla Regional Stage (Mark-Kurik coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstones with clay balls, 2000; Valiukevičius 2000). For this reason, it is likely lenses and interlayers. The sandstones are moderately that the lower sandstone layer containing the Karksiodus cemented with weakly cemented interlayers. The Aruküla tooth is of Aruküla age. Numerous and diverse acanthodian vertebrate assemblage known from the surroundings of scales are also concentrated within this layer, as well as Khotnezha village contains remains of the psammosteids scales of Karksilepis parva Märss. The scale surface has Pycnosteus palaeformis Preobrazhensky, P. pauli Mark four elongated odontodes that point sharply towards the and Schizosteus striatus; the placoderms Homostius sp., posterior margin of the scale and a rhomboid, flat base Actinolepis tuberculata Agassiz, Dickosteus sp. and (Fig. 2L). The slightly flattened, horizontally directed Asterolepis estonica Gross; the acanthodians odontodes have a smooth surface, but their basal Archaeacanthus quadrisulcatus Kade, Haplacanthus part bears fine striations (Fig. 2L, sc), as typical of marginalis Agassiz, Homacanthus gracilis (Eichwald), Karksilepis (Märss et al. 2008). The central and largest Diplacanthus carinatus Gross, D. gravis Valiukevičius, of the odontodes extends across the entire base of the Diplacanthus sp., Markacanthus costulatus Valiukevičius, scale and projects beyond the posterior edge of the M. alius Valiukevičius, Minioracanthus laevis scale. Two small lateral odontodes are distributed in Valiukevičius, Cheiracanthus brevicostatus Gross, a row on either side
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  • Devonian Fish Remains from the Munabia Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

    Devonian Fish Remains from the Munabia Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

    ------ ---_ - _- Ree. West. /lust. Mus. 1991,15(3) 501515 Devonian fish remains from the Munabia Sandstone, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia John A. Long· Abstract Fish fossils have been recovered from two horizons at the base ofthe Munabia Sandstone, near the type section of Williambury Station. The fauna contains the antiarch Bothriolepis sp" the arthrodire Holonema sp., and an indeterminate osteolepidid crossopterygian. The presence of Holonema (Eifelian-Frasnian) with Bothriolepis(Givetian-Famennian), as well as microfossil dates from the underlying conformable Gneudna Formation (Early Frasnian), suggests a Frasnian age for the base of the Munabia Sandstone. Conodonts suggest that the top of the Munabia Sandstone is of Lower Famennian age. Introduction The Munabia Sandstone outcrops over a distance ofalmost 90 km from Mt. Sandiman homestead in the south to just north of Williambury Station as part of a linear belt of Devonian rocks at the base of the Carnarvon Basin sedimentary succession (Figure 1). The type section occurs about 8 km southeast of Williambury Station where it conformably overlies the lower Frasnian carbonates of the Gneudna Formation and underlies the coarser conglomerates of the Willaradie Formation (Condon 1954, 1965, Hocking et al. 1987). Although Condon (1965) favoured a marine depositional environment for the Munabia Sandstone and Willaradie Formation, Moors (1981) reported that only the base of the Munabia Sandstone was marine, the majority of the sequence representing distal fan to braided stream deposits, with minor marine incursions. The overlying Willaradie Formation is part of this depositional event, representing proximal alluvial fan deposits. None of the previous field studies of the Munabia Sandstone had found any body fossils, although trace fossils are common in the lower (marine) horizons, and the age of the unit was based entirely on extrapolation from the underlying Gneudna Formation, itself well-dated from marine invertebrates and palynomorphs (Seddon 1969, Dring 1980, Playford and Dring 1981).
  • Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes

    Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes

    European Journal of Taxonomy 466: 1–167 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.466 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2018 · Van der Laan R. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F74D019-D13C-426F-835A-24A9A1126C55 Family-group names of fossil fishes Richard VAN DER LAAN Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:55EA63EE-63FD-49E6-A216-A6D2BEB91B82 Abstract. The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of family- group names for fossil fishes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fishes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fishes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae. Keywords. Nomenclature, ICZN, Vertebrata, Agnatha, Gnathostomata.
  • Fossil Fishes (Arthrodira and Acanthodida) from the Upper Devonian Chadakoin Formation of Erie County, Pennsylvania1

    Fossil Fishes (Arthrodira and Acanthodida) from the Upper Devonian Chadakoin Formation of Erie County, Pennsylvania1

    Fossil Fishes (Arthrodira and Acanthodida) from the Upper Devonian Chadakoin Formation of Erie County, Pennsylvania1 KEVIN M. YEAGER2, Department of Geosciences, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, PA 16444 ABSTRACT. Several fossil fish were discovered in 1994 in the Upper Devonian Chadakoin Formation, near Howard Falls, just outside of Edinboro, Erie County, Pennsylvania. These fossils are fragmentary in nature and have been described based on their morphology. They are identified as the median dorsal plate of the large arthrodire Dunkleosteus terrelli Newberry, 1873, and the spines of probable acanthodian fishes. The identification of the median dorsal plate of Dunkleosteus represents a new occurrence of the genus. In general, these discoveries are of scientific interest because very little is known about the composition of the fish fauna that inhabited the Devonian shallow seas of northwestern Pennsylvania. OHIO J. SCI. 96 (3): 52-56,1996 INTRODUCTION Pennsylvania were deposited in a shallow water en- This study was an outgrowth of geologic field map- vironment. The shallower bottom sediments were oxy- ping being conducted in the Howard Falls area near genated by waves and currents, and supported a variety Edinboro, Pennsylvania. In August 1994, the first of of scavengers. several vertebrate fossil specimens were discovered. The Nonetheless, reduced preservation potential alone first specimen was excavated, reconstructed, and identi- does not explain why fossil fishes are poorly known fied by specialists from the Pennsylvania State Museum, from Pennsylvania. The Devonian rocks of southern Harrisburg. Since that time, four more vertebrate speci- New York were deposited in shallow waters also, but mens have been collected. These specimens were have yielded a diverse fish fauna (Eastman 1907).