Appendix This list includes the 179 fossil localities or regions reviewed in this study. For each, we include modern latitude and longitude, locality name or location, its age, primary references and the type of material (published photographs or specimens) reviewed for identification. UCMP is the University of California Museum of Paleontology; DMNH is the Denver Museum of Natural History. In notations of locality age, epoch subdivisions are abbreviated E. = early, M. = middle and L. = late. The notation “fossil specimens” under the type of material reviewed for identification indicates that we have examined the collections on which the publication was based.
Location Locality Name Age Reference Type of Material Reviewed 29.37N/110.31E Longshan and Sangzhi, Hunan Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants Prov., China 29.91N/108.65E Shizhu in Szechuan Prov., Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants China 30.25N/108.94E Lichuan in Hupen Prov., Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants China 30.51N/114.31E Wuhan City, Hubei Prov., Pleistocene (Qi et al., 1993) Fig. wood China 33.13N/132.32E Mizuwakare, Ehime Pref., Pleistocene- (Mizuno, 1980) Fig. seed cone Japan Holocene 35.41N/139.25E Sayama Hills, Japan Pleistocene- (Saitama Research Group and Fossil specimens Holocene Kanto Quaternary Research Group, 1970) 32.45N/129.52E Oe, Nagasaki Pref., Japan Pliocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone1 34.39N/135.00E Stegodon beds at Nakayagi- Pliocene (Miki, 1937) Fig. shoots and seed Higashiei bei Akashi, Japan. cones2 36.2N/138.7E Kabutoiwa Flora, Gunma and Pliocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Nagano Pref., Japan 37.2N/140.8E Shichiku Flora, Ono-mura, Pliocene (Tanai and Onoe, 1959) Fig. pollen cones Japan 38.50N/141.00E Siogama-mati, Miyagi-gun, Pliocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone3 Miyagi Pref., Japan 40.50N/112.40E Liangcheng Co., Nei Pliocene (Geology Bureau of NeiMongol Fig. shoots Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1976) 32.58N/131.35E Tokai Group, Mie Pref., Japan Pliocene- (Takemura, 1984) Fossil specimens Pleistocene 34.07N/134.38E Lignite Beds of Sanzi in E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fossil specimens Moriyama, Japan 35.33-35.36N/ Tokai Group in Gifu Pref., E. Pliocene (Tsukagoshi et al., 1997) Fig. seed cone 136.5-136.53E Japan 36.33N/138.95E Lignite Beds of Hanataka, E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fig. seed cones Takasaki, Japan 34.73N/136.05E Clay Beds of Sidatani, E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fig. seed cones Simagahara, Russian Far East 35.85N/139.38E Sasai Fossil Forest, Iruma E. Pliocene- (Sasai Fossil Forest Research Fig. shoots and seed River, Saitama Pref., Japan Holocene Group JPN, 1984) cones 29.6-30.1N/ Mogi Flora, Japan. L. Pliocene (Tanai, 1976) Fig. shoots 129.7-129.9E 31.8N/130.4E Koriyama Fm., Kyushu, Japan L. Pliocene- (Hase and Hatanaka, 1984) Pollen assemblage E. Pleistocene 32N/130.6E Nagano Fm., Southern L. Pliocene- (Hase and Hatanaka, 1984) Pollen assemblage
1 Identified as Sequoia japonica by the authors. 2 Identified as Sequoia disticha by the author. 3 Identified as Sequoia japonica by the author.
Liu et al. — Appendix page 1 Kyushu, Japan E. Pleistocene 36.00N/140.00E Kanto District, Japan Miocene- (Horiuchi, 1996) Fig. shoots and cones Pliocene 38.08N/140.00E Nagai, Kawanisi-mura, Miocene- (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cones3 Kawanuma-gun,Hukusima Pliocene Pref., Japan 43.25N/143.00E Magari-buti, Soya-gun, Miocene- (Endo, 1936; Schloemer-Jaeger, Fig. seed cone3 Hokkaido, Japan Pliocene 1958)4 43.5N/128.3E Qiuligou, Jilin Prov., China Miocene (Li and Yang, 1984) Fig. shoot 35.27N/136.46E Kitabira, Gifu Pref., Japan Miocene (Takahashi, 1954) Fig. seed cone 39N/126E Hugando, Meisen-gun, Miocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone3 Kankyo-Hokudo, Korea 42.5N/121.2W Mascall Fm., OR, USA Miocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 44.5N/119W Van Horn’s Ranch, John Day Miocene (Chaney, 1951; Meyer and Fig. shoot Basin, OR, USA Manchester, 1997) 46.3N/123.8W Mascall Flora, OR, USA Miocene (Chaney, 1959) Fig. shoots, seed and pollen cones 47.0N/116.25W Clarkia, ID, USA Miocene (Barr and Gillespie, 1975) Fig. shoots and seed cone 47.33N/120.38W Green Canyon, WA, USA Miocene (Smiley, 1963) Fossil specimens 35.14N/137.06E Seto Group, Aichi and Gifu L. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Pref., Japan 36.4N/139E Itahana and Akima Floras, L. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Gunma Pref., Japan 37.2N/140.8E Shichiku Flora, Japan L. Miocene (Tanai and Onoe, 1959) Fig. pollen cone 59.64N/151.59W Sea cliffs west of Homer, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 61.32N/151.77W Capps Glacier, Seldovian, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 61.68N/149.13W Core, Seldovian, AK, USA L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens 62.50N/150.95W Cache Ck.. Talkeetna, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 57.5N/134.33E Kootznahoo Inlet, Gulf of AK, M. to L. (Wolfe, 1977) Fossil specimens USA Miocene 44N/122.3W Hidden Lake, OR, USA M. to L. (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens Miocene 45.2N/122.2W Fish Ck., OR, USA M. to L. (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens Miocene 36.1N/139.2E Yagii Flora, Japan M. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens 24.94N/121.57E Shihti Fm., Shihting Coal M. Miocene (Canright, 1972) Fig. shoot and seed Field, Taipei cone 46.48N/116.67W Julaetta Whitebird, ID, USA M. Miocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 44.50N/122.3W Cascadia, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.13N/122.5W Molalla, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.18N/122.1W Clackamas River, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.2N/122.1W Sandstone Ck., OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.5N/122.5W Collawash Flora, OR, USA E. Miocene (Nafziger, 1972) Fossil specimens UCMP Collection 51.00N/62.00E Lake Krugloe, Kazakhstan E. Miocene (Zhilin, 1989) Fig. shoots 47N/58E Kutanbulak, Kazakhstan Oligocene (Budantsev, 1959) Fig. shoots and cones 47N/60E Kara-Chokoy Station, Oligocene (Uznadze, 1957) Fig. shoots and seed Uznadze, Kazakhstan cones 40.44N/122.57W Weaverville, CA, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 41.50N/120.25W Warner Mountains, CA, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. seed cone 44.72N/119.75W Butler Basin, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.74N/120.24W Painted Hills, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fig. seed cone 45.18N/113.90W Salmon, ID, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot 45.41N/123.53W Wheeler Co., OR, USA. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 46.52N/114.00W Missoula, MT, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 46N/124W Bridge Ck., OR, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot and seed 48.31N/104.30W Medicine Lodge Ck., MT, Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot and pollen USA cone
Liu et al. — Appendix page 2 63.4N/170.2W Naskok, Lawrence Island, Oligocene (Cridland, 1974) Fig. shoot Bering Straits, AK, USA 44.12N/120.22W Crooked River, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.7N/120.4W Iron Mountain, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 45.01N/120.14W Fossil, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fig. shoot and seed cone 38.16N/140.19E Nishitagawa, Yamagata Pref., Oligocene- (Tanai, 1952) Fig. shoots Japan Miocene 45.25N/112.75W Beaverhead Basins Flora. MT, Oligocene- (Becker, 1969) Fig. shoots and seed USA E. Miocene cones 44.71N/122.85W Scio, OR, USA Oligocene- (Sanborn, 1947) Fig. shoots4 E. Miocene 48N/85E Ashutas Mt., Kazakhstan L. Oligocene (Kryshtofovich et al., 1956) Fig. shoots 56.30N/43.03E Bol'shaya Kirgizka River, L. Oligocene (Gorbunov and Shilkina, 1972) Fig. wood Tomsk, S. Siberia 62.43N/164.43E Bolshaya Kirgizka River, L. Oligocene (Gorbunov and Shilkina, 1972) Fig. wood Russia 42.2N/122.6W Ashland, OR, USA L. Oligocene (Chaney, 1951; Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 44.7N/122.6W Thomas Ck., OR, USA L. Oligocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 44N/123W Willamette Junction, OR, L. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens USA 45.38N/122.03W Gumboot Mountain Flora, L. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens WA, USA 45.51N/122.45W Ruby, OR, USA L. Oligocene (Becker, 1961) Fig. shoots and cones 44.7N/120.3W Cove Ck., OR USA M. to L. (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens Oligocene 42.50N/118.13W Crooked River Basin, OR, M. Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots USA 44.12N/120.25W Lost Ck., OR, USA M. Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.7N/122.75W Thomas Ck., OR, USA M. Oligocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 49.2N/123.1W Burrard Fm., British Eocene (Rouse, 1962) Fig. pollen Columbia, Canada 50.4N/121.3W McAbee, British Columbia, Eocene (Wolfe and Wehr, 1987) Fossil specimens Canada 79.92N/89W Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Eocene (Greenwood and Basinger, 1994) Fossil specimens Actic 78.8N/82.6W Site 1, Canadian high Arctic Eocene (Kumagai et al., 1995) Fig. wood 42.15N/74.58W Fraser River, New York, USA Eocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 43.50N/115.50W Democrat Ck., ID, USA Eocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 47.38N/116W Cow Ck., ID, USA Eocene (Baksi, 1987) Fossil specimens 48.67N/122.67W Chuckanut Fm., WA, USA Eocene (Pabst, 1968) Fig. shoots 52.20N/121.25W Horsefly Mine and River, Eocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens British Columbia, Canada Oligocene 54.06N/126.06W Francois Lake, British Eocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens Columbia, Canada Oligocene 48.22N/119.35W Similkameen Valley, WA Eocene- UCMP Collection Fossil specimens USA Oligocene 46.25N/129.25E Yilan coal mine, Heilongjiang Eocene- (He and Tao, 1994) Fossil specimens Prov., China. E. Oligocene 53.03N/122.31W Quesnel, British Columbia, Eocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens Canada Oligocene 42.28N/130.48E Primorye, Russian Far East Eocene- (Blokhina, 1977) Fig. seed cones Oligocene 42.57N/134.25E Kushiro coal field, Hokkaido, L. Eocene (Oishi and Huzioka, 1942) Fig. seed cones Japan 61N/163E Chemurnaut, Russian Far East L. Eocene (Budantsev, 1983) Fig. shoots and cones 41.53N/120.17W Cedarvill Flora, CA, USA M. to L. (Wolfe and Wehr, 1987) Fossil specimens Eocene 49.38N/120.55W Allenby Fm., Princeton, M. Eocene (Rothwell and Basinger, 1979; Fig. shoots, cones and
4 Identified as Sequoia langsdorfii by author; synonymized with Metasequoia occidentalis Liu, Y.-J., Li, C.-S., Wang, Y.-F., 1999. Studies on fossil Metasequoia from NE China and their taxonomic implications. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 130, 267-297..
Liu et al. — Appendix page 3 British, Columbia, Canada Basinger, 1981; Basinger, 1984) wood 49N/126W Princeton, British Columbia, M. Eocene (Chaney, 1951; Erwin and Fossil specimens Canada Stockey, 1994) 40.75N/115.88W Elko South, NV, USA M. Eocene (Schorn et al., 1994) Fossil specimens 40.88N/115.75W Elko North, NV, USA M. Eocene (Schorn et al., 1994) Fossil specimens 48.45N/118.59W Republic-Wauconda, WA, M. Eocene (Wehr and Schorn, 1992) Fig. shoot and cones USA 41.81N/123.87E Fushun coal mines, E. Eocene (Hu, 1946) Fig. shoots and cones Manchuria, China 44.4N/114.1W Germer Basin Flora, ID, USA E. Eocene (Edelman, 1975) Fig. shoots and cones 50.34N/105.04W Paskapoo Fm., Alberta, Paleocene (Stockey et al., 2001) Fig. shoots and seed Canada cone 50.4N/125.5W Rock Cr., British Columbia, Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens Canada 54.31N/118.69W Smoky Tower Locality, Paleocene (Christophel, 1976) Fig. shoots Alberta, Canada 57.50N/131.75W Stikine River, White Lake, Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens British Columbia, Canada 62N/164E Penzhinskaya Bay & Paleocene (Kryshtofovich, 1958) Fig. shoots Ravythin, northeastern Russian 42.84N/105.77W Sand Ck., WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. seed cone 43.84N/108.52W Ilo Post Office, WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 43.85N/110.52W Whetstone Falls, Pacific Ck., Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens Moran, WY, USA 43.91N/107.55W Bud Kimball Mine, WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 43.92N/108.51W Grass Greek, WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 44.25N/108.8W Worland, WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 44.26N/108.81W Sleepers Ranch, WY, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 44.67N/107W Bighorn Basin, WY, USA Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 45.37N/105.55W Broadus, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 45.63N/106.26W Powder River, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. shoots and seed cone 46.17N/105.62W Big Muddy, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. shoots 46.18N/108.44W Buckey, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. seed cone 46.23N/108.43W Buckey, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. seed cone 46.87N/105.44W Terry, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 46.91N/103.52W Little Missouri River, Medora, Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. shoots ND, USA 46.92N/103.84W Sentinel Butte, ND, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 46-48N/101-103W Fort Union Group, ND, USA Paleocene DMNH Collection Fossil specimens 47.37N/104.4W Yellowstone River, Glendive, Paleocene (Chaney, 1951; Brown, 1962) Fig. shoots MT, USA 47.47N/104.50W Yellowstone River, MT, USA. Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots 47.50N/122.12W Coal Ck., WA, USA Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 47.58N/102.15W Elbowoods, ND, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fig. pollen cone 47N/104W Tongue River and Sentinel Paleocene (Harr and Ting, 1976) Fig. shoots Butte Fms., ND, USA 48.18N/110.11W Makton coal mine, Big Sandy, Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens MT, USA 48.41N/109.28W Sec.28,T31N, R19E., Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens Chinook, MT, USA 48.75N/106.25W Tullock Fm., Bug Ck. Mt., Paleocene (Shoemaker, 1966) Fig. shoots Motana, USA 48.88N/122.50W Nooksack Canyon, WA, USA Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots 48.99N/105.23W Big Muddy, MT, USA Paleocene (Brown, 1962) Fossil specimens 61.64N/148.96W Wolverine Ck., Anchorage, Paleocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens AK, USA 62.8-63.8N/ Mt. McKinley Nat. Park, AK, Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 148.7-152.3W USA 63.5N/170.5W Saint Lawrence Island, AK, Paleocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens USA
Liu et al. — Appendix page 4 53.35N/114.40W Genesee Locality, Alberta, Paleocene (Chandrasekharam, 1974) Fig. shoots and cones Canada 78.75N/13.00E Nordenskioldland, W. Paleocene- (Schweitzer, 1974) Fig. shoots and cones Spitzbergen E. Eocene 54N/123.5W Fraser River, British Paleocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots Columbia, Canada Eocene 46.41N/105.87W Tongue River, MT, USA Paleocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens Eocene 48.94N/122.82W Birch Bay, WA, USA Paleocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots Eocene 56.18N/158.27W Chignik Fm., Chignik, Paleocene- (Hollick, 1936; Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot5 Anchorage Bay, AK, USA Eocene 61.31N/149.19W Matanuska, Hamilton Bay and Paleocene- (Hollick, 1936; Schloemer-Jaeger, Fig. shoots6 Nenana, AK, USA Eocene 1958) 61.43N/148.59W Eska Ck., Fort Camden Bay & Paleocene- (Hollick, 1936; Schloemer-Jaeger, Fig. shoots7 Cook Inlet, AK, USA Eocene 1958) 34.50N/110.81E Lingbao County, Henan Prov., Paleocene- (Institute of Geoscience of Hubei Fig. shoot China Oligocene Province, 1977) 42.28N/108.10W Great Divide Basin, WY, USA L. Paleocene (Gemmill and Johnson, 1997) Fossil specimens 47N/101W Bear Den Member, ND, USA L. Paleocene (Hickey, 1977) Fig. shoots and seed cone 48.67N/122.67W Chuckanut Fm., WA, USA L. Paleocene (Mustoe, 1997) Fossil specimens UCMP Collection 82N/19W Thyra Oe Flora, Greenland L. Paleocene- (Boyd, 1990) Fossil specimens E. Eocene 56N/85E Western Siberia Undiff. (Gorbunov, 1957) Fig. shoots and seed Tertiary cones 58N/65E Western Siberia Undiff. (Gorbunov, 1957) Fig. shoots and seed Tertiary cones 41.83N/106.17W Medicine Bow, WY, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fig. specimens 49.08N/123.58W Vancouver Island, British L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots Columbia, Canada 54N/123W Reynolds Ck., north part of L. Cretaceous (Rouse, 1967) Fig. shoots McLend Lake, British Columbia, Canada 42.88N/130.30E Hunchun Group, Jilin Prov., L. Cretaceous (Guo and Li, 1979) Fig. shoot China. 61.8N/5.75W Faeroe Islands, Denmark L. Cretaceous (Rasmussen and Noe-Nygaard, Fig. shoots 1966) 40.14N/141.43E Sawayama Fm., Kuji District, L. Cretaceous (Tanai, 1979) Fig. shoots Honshu, Japan 50N/130E Bureinskiy Tsagayan, Russian L. Cretaceous (Baikovskaya, 1959) Fig. shoots Far East 63-65N/175-179E Rarytkin, Russian Far East L. Cretaceous (Golovneva, 1994) Fig. shoots 63N/124E Chybyda river, Lena River L. Cretaceous (Sveshnikova, 1967) Fig. shoots Basin, Eastern Siberia 63N/125E Tangnary River, Lena River L. Cretaceous (Sveshnikova, 1967) Fig. shoots Basin, Eastern Siberia 63N/148E Arkagala River, Russian Far L. Cretaceous (Samylina, 1988) Fig. shoot and seed East cone 64N/124E Vilyuy River, Lena River L. Cretaceous (Sveshnikova, 1967) Fig. shoots Basin, Eastern Siberia 65N/125E Linde River, Lena River L. Cretaceous (Sveshnikova, 1967) Fig. shoots Basin, Eastern Siberia 39.17N/108.14W Mesa, CO, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 41.59N/109.23W Rock Springs, WY, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots 41.68N/108.79W Point of Rocks, WY, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots
5 Identified as Sequoia disticha by Hollick (1936). 6 Identified as Taxodium occidentalis by Hollick (1936). 7 Identified as Taxodium dubium by Hollick (1936).
Liu et al. — Appendix page 5 43.03N/104.65W Lance Ck., WY, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 44.31N/112.36W Hell Ck. Fm., Garfield and L. Cretaceous (Shoemaker, 1966) Fig. shoots McCone Co., Motana, USA 46.30N/103.90W Marmarth, ND, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots 46N/112.5W Signal Butte, MT, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 47.73N/109.65W Judith River, MT, USA L. Cretaceous (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 48.75N/128.31E Wu-yun group, Heilongjiang Maastichtian- (Luo et al., 1983; Zhang, 1983; Fig. shoots and cones Prov., China. E. Paleocene Tao and Xiong, 1986b; Tao and Xiong, 1986a; Liu et al., 1999) 48N/120.2W Methow Valley, WA, USA Maastichtian- (Royse, 1965) Fig. shoots and seed E. Paleocene cones 54.93N/122.65W Reynolds Ck., British Maastichtian- (Rouse, 1967) Fig. shoots Columbia, Canada E. Paleocene
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