DOCSLIB.ORG

1145 Akhmetiev.Vp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1145 Akhmetiev.Vp Paleocene and Eocene floristic and climatic change in Russia and Northern Kazakhstan MIKHAIL A. AKHMETIEV Paleocene and Eocene floras of Russia and adjacent regions are reviewed with an interpretation of climatic conditions under which they developed. Floristic and climatic changes in western and central regions of Russia in the Paleocene and in the first part of the Eocene were caused by the dynamics and rearrangement of the systems of marine seaways: a longi- tudinal seaway, which connected the Arctic basin with the marginal seas of Northern Peri-Tethys (Turanian, South Rus- sian and others), and a latitudinal seaway, which connected the marginal seas of Northern Peri-Tethys with the Atlantic Ocean. As these systems were progressively reduced, the climate in the middle latitudes changed from paratropical (like in West and Central Europe) to a subtropical monsoon climate with wet summers (Late Ypresian to Lutetian), and later to a climate with wet winters (Late Lutetian to the first part of the Priabonian). Floristic changes reflect these climatic trends. In the Paleogene, cold currents constantly influenced the climate of regions of the northwestern Pacific and facili- tated development of a warm-temperate mesophilic flora. A warmer episode took place in the Early Eocene. At this time thermophilic plants (Sabal, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae) reached Koryakia, North Western Kamchatka, probably as a re- sult of northward migration. Some subtropical plants existed near the Recent Polar circle. The subtropical Raichikha-type Flora lost temperate elements and, by ecological and climatic types, it is more similar to the Recent flora of South-West and South China. • Key words: flora, palaeoclimate, Paleocene, Eocene, Russia. AKHMETIEV, M.A. 2010. Paleocene and Eocene floristic and climatic change in Russia and Northern Kazakhstan. Bulletin of Geosciences 85(1), 77–94 (7 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received May 6, 2009; accepted in revised form October 5, 2009; published online January 8, 2010; issued March 22, 2010. Mikhail A. Akhmetiev, Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky by-street 7, 119017 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] The quality of information about the Paleocene and Eo- Pacific. Onoclea, Osmunda, Ginkgo, Taxodiaceae, Cup- cene floras in Russia is very variable. Little is known ressaceae, Trochodendroides, Cornaceae, Hamamelida- about the floras from the northern and central parts of the ceae, Nyssaceae (Akhmetiev et al. 2002) and some other East European and Siberian platforms. Most localities are taxa are the most typical members of this flora. Trochoden- distributed along the coast of the Northern Peri-Tethys droides is a key indicator taxon for these floras (Fig. 1 – seas (South Russian, Turanian, West Siberian) and along Tr). To date, at least 70 species of the Tsagayan flora have the West Pacific periphery. Plant macrofossils are usually been recognized. Contemporary floras of the Tsagayan preserved in lacustrine and alluvial sediments of coastal ecotype are known from areas adjacent to the Amur River plains or, more rarely, in intermontane coal-bearing sedi- Area: southern Primorye, Sakhalin, Sikhote-Alin volcanic mentary basins as well as around volcanic structures. belts (Malo-Mikhailovka and Takhobe localities), Kam- Figs 1–4 show the main localities yielding plant macro- chatka and Koryakia (Fig. 1, locs 7–10). These floras are fossils. Seas, straits and key palaeogeographic areas are discussed in the final section of this paper. named in Fig. 2. At high latitudes, the warm temperate humid flora mi- grated westward along the northern boundary of the West Siberian plate and in the Danian reached the northern and Danian floras (Fig. 1) Middle Urals (Lozva flora, Fig. 1, loc. 1). The same type of the Danian flora occupied the Arctic region: Spitzbergen, At the K/T boundary, a transition to the warm temperate Greenland, North Canada, Alaska and northern Siberia – Tsagayan flora was first studied from the Tsagayan Series many localities at the Lena River Mouth area and of the Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin (Fig. 1, locs 5, 6) Kharaulakh ridge (Bykov arm of the Lena River, Kengdey that developed on the continental boundary of the Western and Kungi grabens) (Budantsev 1983). Tsagayan plants DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.1145 77 Bulletin of Geosciences Vol. 85, 1, 2009 Figure 14. Palaeogeographic maps and main localities for Paleocene and Eocene floras (within the boundaries of the former USSR). Legend (see Fig. 1): 1 – land, 2 – sea, 3 – locality and its number on maps, 4 – areas of bauxitization, 5 – direction of sea currents, 6 – plant indicators: Tr – Trochodendroides, U – Ushia, S – Sabal, N – Nypa, P – Palibinia. All geographical and paleogeographical elements are shown in Fig. 2. Figure 1. Early Danian. Localities: 1 – Lozva (western border of Western Siberian Plate) (Tr), 2 – Ulken-Kalkan (Ili River Basin, Kazakhstan) (Tr), 3 – Taizhusgen (Zaissan Lake basin) (Tr), 4 – Kara Biryuk (Zaissan Lake basin) (Tr), 5 – Raichikha coal field and Belaya Mount (Tsagayan flora – type locality) (Tr), 6 – Arkhara-Bouguchan coal field (Tr) (locality 5 and 6 – Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin, Amur River Area), 7 – Malo-Mikhailovka (Lower Amur Area) (Tr), 8 – Kama River Area (Western Sakhalin) (Tr), 9 – Sobolevka (= Takhobe) (Eastern Sikhote-Alin) (Tr), 10 – Zerkalnaya (= Tadushi) (Eastern Sikhote-Alin) (Tr), 11 – Rarytkin Ridge (Northern Koryakia) (Tr), 12 – Beringovsky (Beringian sea, Anadyr Bay) (Tchukotskaya Formation) (Tr), Svb – Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. migrated westward along the mid-latitude tracts from the the Late Paleocene. For each stage, only five to seven new Amur River system and reached Mongolia, Dzhungarian taxa (up to 10% of total) appeared, and approximately the Alatau, Ili River area (Ulken Kalkan), Semipalatinsk dis- same number of taxa disappeared. trict on the Irtysh River area and the Zaissan Lake basin There is the typical Danian Flora in the central part of (South Eastern Kazakhstan) (Fig. 1, locs 2–4). In the the Rarytkin Ridge (North Koryakia, Fig. 1, loc. 11) and Danian the Kara-Biryuk flora (Fig. 1, loc. 4) in the Zaissan a similar flora from Sakhalin (Kama River beds, Fig. 1, Lake basin includes typical Tsagayan plants: Taxites loc. 8) (Kodrul 1999). olrikii, Trochodendroides arctica, Nyssa bureica, Platanus raynoldsii, Porosia and others. In the Zeya-Bureya sedimentary basin (area of locali- Later Paleocene and Eocene floras ties 5 and 6 in Fig. 1), the Tsagayan flora went through of Northern Central Eurasia three stages of evolution from Middle Tsagayan to Kivda time (early Danian–?Selandian) (Kivda Flora see Fig. 1, Two main marine systems influenced the development of loc. 5). The youngest flora of the Tsagayan ecotypes is the Paleogene flora and vegetation in European Russia and characterized by various new members initially Myri- Siberia. 1) A meridional system that connected the Tethys caceae and Betulaceae as well as Ulmaceae. It should be with the Arctic Basin via the West Siberian epicontinental noted that no principal changes in composition of the sea and the Turgai strait. 2) A latitudinal system that con- Tsagayan flora took place in the Danian and possibly, in nected the East Peritethys with the Atlantic Ocean through 78 Mikhail A. Akhmetiev Paleocene and Eocene floristic and climatic change in Russia and Northern Kazakhstan Figure 2. Late Thanetian–Early Ypresian (including the PETM Episode). Localities: 1 – Kanev (Dnieper River Area, Southern Kiev), 2 – Kamyshin (Volga River Area (U, ?N), 3 – Nikulino-Privolsk (Volga River Area, northern of Saratov) (U), 4 – Akshuat – Tashly (northern of Saratov) (U), 5 – Smolino (South Ural, near Tchelyabinsk), 6 – Romankol (Or River Area, Northern Kazakhstan) (U), 7 – Tykbutak (Mugodzary Mounntain, Northern Kazakhstan) (U), 8 – Kiin-Kerish (Zaissan Lake Basin, brown clays “flora”), 9 – Kengday and Kunga troughs (Lower Lena River Area) (Tr), 10 – Bykovo channel (Lower Lena River Area) (Tr), 11 – Tas-Takh Lake (northern part of Siberian platform) (Tr), 12 – Beringovsky (Beringian Sea, Anadyr Bay) (Sandstones Member with ?Sabal), 13 – Tchemurnaut (Western Kamchatka) (Tr), 14 – Rebro Cape (Western Kamchatka) (Tr, S), 15 – Raichikha (Raichikhinsk coal field, Zeya – Bureya sedimentary basin), 16 – Rechnoi peninsula (northern of Vladivostok), Lower coal-bearing Member (Tr), 17 – Maikhe coal-bearing field (eastern of Vladivostok) (Tr). Areas of bauxitization: A – Arkalyk, B – Yenisei-Angara Area, C – Lower Yenisei River Area. Uk – Ukraine, Kz – Kazakhstan, K – Koryakia, Km – Kamchatka, SPV – South Primorie, Vladivostok, A – Amur River basin, Tm – Turkmenia. Bs – Barents sea, NZs – “Novaya Zemlya” strait, SZs –“Severnaya Zemlya” strait, Khs – Khatanga strait, WSs – West Siberian sea, Ks – Kara sea, Pb – Pechora bay, Ts – Turgayan strait, EEs – Eastern European sea, Tus – Turanian sea. Ps – Pripyat strait, Svb – Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. the Dnieper-Donetsk Sea and western (Pripyat and Polish) Dewalquea, Macclintockia, Dryophyllum and Lauraceae. straits (Akhmetiev & Beniamovski 2006). This assemblage was found in several localities from the Volga basin in the Ulyanovsk and Saratov districts (Fig. 2, locs 2–4). The Kamyshin Flora contains Ushia in different Paleocene and Early Eocene evergreen morphotypes, which are described as species: Ushia kamy- thermophilic flora west of the Urals schinensis (Goepp.) Kolakovsky, U. alnifolia Makulbe- (Fig. 2, localities 14) and Kazakhstan kov, U.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Messinian Vegetation and Climate of the Intermontane Florina-Ptolemais
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/848747; this version posted November 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Messinian vegetation and climate of the intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin, 2 NW Greece inferred from palaeobotanical data: How well do plant fossils reflect past 3 environments? 4 5 Johannes M. Bouchal1*, Tuncay H. Güner2, Dimitrios Velitzelos3, Evangelos Velitzelos3, 6 Thomas Denk1 7 8 1Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 9 Stockholm, Sweden 10 2Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, 11 Turkey 12 3National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, 13 Section of Historical Geology and Palaeontology, Greece 14 15 16 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/848747; this version posted November 25, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 17 The late Miocene is marked by pronounced environmental changes and the appearance of 18 strong temperature and precipitation seasonality. Although environmental heterogeneity is to 19 be expected during this time, it is challenging to reconstruct palaeoenvironments using plant 20 fossils. We investigated leaves and dispersed spores/pollen from 6.4–6 Ma strata in the 21 intermontane Florina-Ptolemais-Servia Basin (FPS) of NW Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Paleontological Conference Th
    Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Paleobiology 9th Paleontological Conference Warszawa, 10–11 October 2008 Abstracts Warszawa Praha Bratislava Edited by Andrzej Pisera, Maria Aleksandra Bitner and Adam T. Halamski Honorary Committee Prof. Oldrich Fatka, Charles University of Prague, Prague Prof. Josef Michalík, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava Assoc. Prof. Jerzy Nawrocki, Polish Geological Institute, Warszawa Prof. Tadeusz Peryt, Polish Geological Institute, Warszawa Prof. Grzegorz Racki, Institute of Paleobiology, Warszawa Prof. Jerzy Trammer, University of Warsaw, Warszawa Prof. Alfred Uchman, Jagiellonian University, Kraków Martyna Wojciechowska, National Geographic Polska, Warszawa Organizing Committee Dr Maria Aleksandra Bitner (Secretary), Błażej Błażejewski, MSc, Prof. Andrzej Gaździcki, Dr Adam T. Halamski, Assoc. Prof. Anna Kozłowska, Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Pisera Sponsors Institute of Paleobiology, Warszawa Polish Geological Institute, Warszawa National Geographic Polska, Warszawa Precoptic Co., Warszawa Cover picture: Quenstedtoceras henrici Douvillé, 1912 Cover designed by Aleksandra Hołda−Michalska Copyright © Instytut Paleobiologii PAN Nakład 150 egz. Typesetting and Layout: Aleksandra Szmielew Warszawska Drukarnia Naukowa PAN ABSTRACTS Paleotemperature and paleodiet reconstruction on the base of oxygen and carbon isotopes from mammoth tusk dentine and horse teeth enamel during Late Paleolith and Mesolith MARTINA ÁBELOVÁ State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr, Mlynská dolina 1, SK−817 04 Bratislava 11, Slovak Republic; [email protected] The use of stable isotopes has proven to be one of the most effective methods in re− constructing paleoenvironments and paleodiet through the upper Pleistocene period (e.g. Fricke et al. 1998; Genoni et al. 1998; Bocherens 2003). This study demonstrates how isotopic data can be employed alongside other forms of evidence to inform on past at great time depths, making it especially relevant to the Palaeolithic where there is a wealth of material potentially available for study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geobiology and Ecology of Metasequoia
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37160841 The Geobiology and Ecology of Metasequoia. Article · January 2005 Source: OAI CITATIONS READS 11 457 3 authors: Ben LePage Christopher J. Williams Pacific Gas and Electric Company Franklin and Marshall College 107 PUBLICATIONS 1,864 CITATIONS 55 PUBLICATIONS 1,463 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Hong Yang Massey University 54 PUBLICATIONS 992 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Conifer (Pinaceae and Cupressaceae (Taxodiaceae)) systematics and phylogeny View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ben LePage on 24 September 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Chapter 1 The Evolution and Biogeographic History of Metasequoia BEN A. LePAGE1, HONG YANG2 and MIDORI MATSUMOTO3 1URS Corporation, 335 Commerce Drive, Suite 300, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, 19034, USA; 2Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, 1150 Douglas Pike, Smithfield, Rhode Island, 02917, USA; 3Department of Earth Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 133, Inage-ku, Chiba 263, Japan. 1. Introduction .............................................................. 4 2. Taxonomy ............................................................... 6 3. Morphological Stasis and Genetic Variation ................................. 8 4. Distribution of Metasequoia Glyptostroboides ............................... 10 5. Phytogeography .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pbv1 105.Pdf
    CONIFER DOMINANTS IN THE MIDDLE TERTIARY OF THE JOHN DAY BASIN, OREGON RALPH w. CHANEY Professor of Palaeontology, University of California, and Research Associate, Carnegie Institution o[ Washington FOREWORD _ During the past few years, most of my time has been devoted to a re-study of all URING the early weeks of 1948, the available material of Sequoia and it was my good fortune to be in Taxodium from the Cretaceous and Tertiary D daily contact with Birbal Sahni who of North America. Many of the fossil was then a visitor at the University of specimens previously assigned to these California. We had many discussions of genera are now known to represen t M eta­ Metasequoia, the conifer whose discovery sequoia. The characters by which the in Asia a few years before was proving of leaves and cones of this genus, both living such great interest to botanists and palaeo­ and fossil, may be recognized have been botanists. My departure for central China considered by Miki, Hu and Cheng, Stebbins in February to visit scattered groves of ( 1948, p. 96), and Chaney ( 1948, p. 509; this survivor from the past brought to a 1951, pp. 174-181, PL. 6). It will b~ suffi­ close an enjoyable and profitable opportunity cient at this point to note that a decussate to consider problems of Indian and North arrangement is characteristic of Metasequoia, American palaeobotany with a leading stu­ by which foliage shoots and needles and dent of science in Asia. I shall always be cones, both pistillate and staminate, may be happy to recall that on the night of my readily distinguished from those of Sequoia departure from San Francisco, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • John Day Fossil Beds NM: Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Clarno Unit
    John Day Fossil Beds NM: Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Clarno Unit JOHN DAY FOSSIL BEDS Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Clarno Unit John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon GEOLOGY AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE CLARNO UNIT John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon By Erick A. Bestland, PhD Erick Bestland and Associates, 1010 Monroe St., Eugene, OR 97402 Gregory J. Retallack, PhD Department of Geological Sciences University of Oregon Eugene, OR 7403-1272 June 28, 1994 Final Report NPS Contract CX-9000-1-10009 TABLE OF CONTENTS joda/bestland-retallack1/index.htm Last Updated: 21-Aug-2007 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/joda/bestland-retallack1/index.htm[4/18/2014 12:20:25 PM] John Day Fossil Beds NM: Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Clarno Unit (Table of Contents) JOHN DAY FOSSIL BEDS Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Clarno Unit John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND REGIONAL GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION PREVIOUS WORK AND REGIONAL GEOLOGY Basement rocks Clarno Formation John Day Formation CHAPTER II: GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK INTRODUCTION Stratigraphic nomenclature Radiometric age determinations CLARNO FORMATION LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS Lower Clarno Formation units Main section JOHN DAY FORMATION LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS Lower Big Basin Member Middle and upper Big Basin Member Turtle Cove Member GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAVA FLOW AND TUFF UNITS Basaltic lava flows Geochemistry of andesitic units Geochemistry of tuffs STRUCTURE OF CLARNO
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Note on Fossil Glyptostrobus in Northeastern Arkansas Eugene B
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 26 Article 6 1972 Taxonomic Note on Fossil Glyptostrobus in Northeastern Arkansas Eugene B. Whittlake Arkansas State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Paleobiology Commons Recommended Citation Whittlake, Eugene B. (1972) "Taxonomic Note on Fossil Glyptostrobus in Northeastern Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 26 , Article 6. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol26/iss1/6 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 26 [1972], Art. 6 Taxonomic Note on Fossil Glyptostrobus in Northeastern Arkansas EUGENE B.WITTLAKE Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72467 ABSTRACT Twopapers by Brown (1936, 1962) are reviewed and discussed in relation to the validity of specific names applied to the fossil Glyptostrobus as found in North American deposits. Evidence ispresented supporting the contention that G. nordenskioldi Brown n. comb, is the valid name for Glyptostrobus specimens from the Hooker site of northeastern Arkansas.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Survey of Austria ©Geol
    ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at und www.zobodat.at Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120 Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Benjamin Sames (Ed.) th 10 International Symposium on the Cretaceous: ABSTRACTS Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120 www.geologie.ac.at Geological Survey of Austria ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at und www.zobodat.at Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt (ISSN 1017-8880) Band 120 10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous Vienna, August 21–26, 2017 — ABSTRACTS BENJAMIN SAMES (Ed.) ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at und www.zobodat.at Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120 ISSN 1017-8880 Wien, im Juli 2017 10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous Vienna, August 21–26, 2017 – ABSTRACTS Benjamin Sames, Editor Dr. Benjamin Sames, Universität Wien, Department for Geodynamics and Sedimentology, Center for Earth Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Recommended citation / Zitiervorschlag Volume / Gesamtwerk Sames, B. (Ed.) (2017): 10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous – Abstracts, 21–26 August 2017, Vienna. – Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120, 351 pp., Vienna. Abstract (example / Beispiel) Granier, B., Gèze, R., Azar, D. & Maksoud, S. (2017): Regional stages: What is the use of them – A case study in Lebanon. – In: Sames, B. (Ed.): 10th International Symposium on the Cretaceous – Abstracts, 21–26 August 2017, Vienna. – Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 120, 102, Vienna. Cover design: Monika Brüggemann-Ledolter (Geologische Bundesanstalt). Cover picture: Postalm section, upper Campanian red pelagic limestone-marl cycles (CORBs) of the Nierental Formation, Gosau Group, Northern Calcareous Alps (Photograph: M. Wagreich). 10th ISC Logo: Benjamin Sames The 10th ISC Logo is composed of selected elements of the Viennese skyline with, from left to right, the Stephansdom (St.
    [Show full text]
  • Taphonomic and Depositional Analysis of Megaflora of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation Near Marmarth, North Dakota
    OpenRiver Student Research and Creative Projects 2016-2017 Grants & Sponsored Projects 9-1-2016 Taphonomic and Depositional Analysis of Megaflora of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation near Marmarth, North Dakota Nelson Mallory Winona State University Chelsea Ames Winona State University Will Franta Winona State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openriver.winona.edu/studentgrants2017 Recommended Citation Mallory, Nelson; Ames, Chelsea; and Franta, Will, "Taphonomic and Depositional Analysis of Megaflora of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation near Marmarth, North Dakota" (2016). Student Research and Creative Projects 2016-2017. 3. https://openriver.winona.edu/studentgrants2017/3 This Grant is brought to you for free and open access by the Grants & Sponsored Projects at OpenRiver. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Research and Creative Projects 2016-2017 by an authorized administrator of OpenRiver. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taphonomic and Depositional Analysis of Megaflora of the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation near Marmarth, North Dakota Mallory Nelson, Chelsea Ames, Will Franta Department of Geoscience, Winona State University, Winona, Minnesota 55987 ABSTRACT The Hell Creek formation of western North Dakota and eastern Montana contains a large variety of plant, pollen, and vertebrate fossils. A high quality plant fossil site near Marmarth, North Dakota was studied to obtain megafloral fossils characteristic of the unit. Plant fossils from the unit were obtained, photographed, and identified so as to obtain a more thorough knowledge of the depositional environment and climate of the region during the Cretaceous period. Fossils identified indicate a forested, deltaic environment rich in water and sediment influx. Introduction been extensively sought after and analyzed by The Hell Creek formation of Western North paleontologists, plant and pollen fossils receive far Dakota and Eastern Montana has long been less study (Johnson, 330).
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeogene Deposits and the Platform Structure of Svalbard
    NORSK POLARINSTITUTT SKRIFTER NR. 159 v JU. JA. LIVSIC Palaeogene deposits and the platform structure of Svalbard NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1974 DET KONGEUGE DEPARTEMENT FOR INDUSTRI OG IlANDVERK NORSK POLARINSTITUTT Rolfstangveien 12, Snareya, 1330 Oslo Lufthavn, Norway SALG AV B0KER SALE OF BOOKS Bekene selges gjennom bokhandlere, eller The books are sold through bookshops, or bestilles direkte fra : may be ordered directly from: UNlVERSITETSFORLAGET Postboks 307 16 Pall Mall P.O.Box 142 Blindem, Oslo 3 London SW 1 Boston, Mass. 02113 Norway England USA Publikasjonsliste, som ogsa omfatter land­ List of publications, including maps and og sjekart, kan sendes pa anmodning. charts, wiZ be sent on request. NORSK POLARINSTITUTT SKRIFTER NR.159 JU. JA. LIVSIC Palaeogene deposits and the platform structure of Svalbard NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1974 Manuscript received March 1971 Published April 1974 Contents Abstract ........................ 5 The eastern marginal fault zone 25 The Sassendalen monocline ...... 25 AHHOTaU;HH (Russian abstract) 5 The east Svalbard horst-like uplift 25 The Olgastretet trough .. .. .. .. 26 Introduction 7 The Kong Karls Land uplift .... 26 Stratigraphy ..................... 10 The main stages of formation of the A. Interpretation of sections ac- platform structure of the archipelago 26 cording to areas ............ 11 The Central Basin ........... 11 The Forlandsundet area ..... 13 The importance of Palaeogene depo- The Kongsfjorden area ....... 14 sits for oil and gas prospecting in The Renardodden area ...... 14 Svalbard .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 B. Correlation of sections ....... 15 Bituminosity and reservoir rock C. Svalbard Palaeogene deposits properties in Palaeogene deposits 30 as part of the Palaeogene depo- Hydrogeological criteria testifying sits of the Polar Basin ...... 15 to gas and oil content of the rocks 34 Tectonic criteria of oil and gas con- Mineral composition and conditions of tent .
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Paleobotanical Studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands Floras of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA. Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2015-0177.R1 Manuscript Type: Review Date Submitted by the Author: 02-Feb-2016 Complete List of Authors: Greenwood, David R.; Brandon University, Dept. of Biology Pigg, KathleenDraft B.; School of Life Sciences, Basinger, James F.; Dept of Geological Sciences DeVore, Melanie L.; Dept of Biological and Environmental Science, Keyword: Eocene, paleobotany, Okanagan Highlands, history, palynology https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 70 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) 2 Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA. 3 4 David R. Greenwood, Kathleen B. Pigg, James F. Basinger, and Melanie L. DeVore 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Draft 12 David R. Greenwood , Department of Biology, Brandon University, J.R. Brodie Science 13 Centre, 270-18th Street, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada; 14 Kathleen B. Pigg , School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, 15 Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA [email protected]; 16 James F. Basinger , Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 17 Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; 18 Melanie L. DeVore , Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Georgia 19 College & State University, 135 Herty Hall, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA 20 21 22 23 Corresponding author: David R. Greenwood (email: [email protected]) 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 70 24 A review of paleobotanical studies of the Early Eocene Okanagan (Okanogan) 25 Highlands floras of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Pliocene Taxodiaceous Fossil Wood from Southwestern Ukraine and Its Palaeoenvironmental Implications
    Journal of Palaeogeography 2013, 2(4): 362-368 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1261.2013.00036 Biopalaeogeography and palaeoecology Pliocene taxodiaceous fossil wood from southwestern Ukraine and its palaeoenvironmental implications Yi Tiemei1, *, Li Chengsen2, Svetlana Syabryaj3 1. Beijing Institute of Science and Technology Information, Beijing 100048, China 2. Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 01601, Ukraine Abstract Mineralized wood collected from Late Pliocene strata near Gorbki village in the Transcarpathian region of Beregovo Kholmogor’e in southwestern Ukraine was anatomically studied and identified. The wood possesses distinctive anatomical features and has distinct growth rings with an abrupt transition from early- to late-wood. Wood consists of tracheids with 1-3 seriate, dominating bi-seriate, opposite pits on the radial walls and taxodioid cross- field pitting, indentures present. Rays are uni-seriate and 1 to 73 cells high. Ray parenchyma horizontal walls thin and smooth. Axial parenchyma distributed in early- and late-wood and is solitary and diffuse, with end walls nearly smooth or slightly nodular. The combination of fea- tures observed in the wood indicates it belongs to the conifer family Taxodiaceae and is most similar to modern Sequoia and assigned to the fossil genus Sequoioxylon. Comparison with species of Sequoioxylon show it is most similar to Sequoioxylon burejense, but ray tracheids were not found in our specimens. We describe the specimens here as Sequoioxylon cf. s. burejense noting this similarity. Extant Sequoia is distributed in the northern California coastal forest eco-region of northern California and southern Oregon in the United States where they usually grow in a unique environment with heavy seasonal precipitation (2500 mm annually), cool coastal air and fog drip.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential and Significance of Leaf Trait Changes of Long Lived Species During the Paleogene
    POTENTIAL AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF TRAIT CHANGES OF LONG LIVED SPECIES DURING THE PALEOGENE DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) Vorgelegt Der Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dresden von Frau Diplom-Geographin Karolin Moraweck Geboren am 11.11.1986 in Zittau Die Dissertation wurde in der Zeit von 07 / 2013 bis 02/2017 am Institut für Botanik angefertigt. Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christoph Neinhuis (Lehrtuhl für Botanik, Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden) Zweiter Gutachter: Associate Prof. Tao Su (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303 Yunnan, China) Tag der Verteidigung: 15.08.2017 Table of Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................ vi 1. General Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Eocene to Miocene paleogeography and climate evolution .................................................... 7 1.2. Floristics and vegetation dynamics ................................................................................................ 14 1.3. Current knowledge on correlation of leaf traits with climate and ecology .................... 18 1.4. Scientific questions ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]