Appendix This list includes the 179 fossil localities or regions reviewed in this study. For each, we include modern latitude and longitude, locality name or location, its age, primary references and the type of material (published photographs or specimens) reviewed for identification. UCMP is the University of California Museum of Paleontology; DMNH is the Denver Museum of Natural History. In notations of locality age, epoch subdivisions are abbreviated E. = early, M. = middle and L. = late. The notation “fossil specimens” under the type of material reviewed for identification indicates that we have examined the collections on which the publication was based. Location Locality Name Age Reference Type of Material Reviewed 29.37N/110.31E Longshan and Sangzhi, Hunan Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants Prov., China 29.91N/108.65E Shizhu in Szechuan Prov., Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants China 30.25N/108.94E Lichuan in Hupen Prov., Recent (Ying et al., 1994) Living plants China 30.51N/114.31E Wuhan City, Hubei Prov., Pleistocene (Qi et al., 1993) Fig. wood China 33.13N/132.32E Mizuwakare, Ehime Pref., Pleistocene- (Mizuno, 1980) Fig. seed cone Japan Holocene 35.41N/139.25E Sayama Hills, Japan Pleistocene- (Saitama Research Group and Fossil specimens Holocene Kanto Quaternary Research Group, 1970) 32.45N/129.52E Oe, Nagasaki Pref., Japan Pliocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone1 34.39N/135.00E Stegodon beds at Nakayagi- Pliocene (Miki, 1937) Fig. shoots and seed Higashiei bei Akashi, Japan. cones2 36.2N/138.7E Kabutoiwa Flora, Gunma and Pliocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Nagano Pref., Japan 37.2N/140.8E Shichiku Flora, Ono-mura, Pliocene (Tanai and Onoe, 1959) Fig. pollen cones Japan 38.50N/141.00E Siogama-mati, Miyagi-gun, Pliocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone3 Miyagi Pref., Japan 40.50N/112.40E Liangcheng Co., Nei Pliocene (Geology Bureau of NeiMongol Fig. shoots Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1976) 32.58N/131.35E Tokai Group, Mie Pref., Japan Pliocene- (Takemura, 1984) Fossil specimens Pleistocene 34.07N/134.38E Lignite Beds of Sanzi in E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fossil specimens Moriyama, Japan 35.33-35.36N/ Tokai Group in Gifu Pref., E. Pliocene (Tsukagoshi et al., 1997) Fig. seed cone 136.5-136.53E Japan 36.33N/138.95E Lignite Beds of Hanataka, E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fig. seed cones Takasaki, Japan 34.73N/136.05E Clay Beds of Sidatani, E. Pliocene (Miki, 1941) Fig. seed cones Simagahara, Russian Far East 35.85N/139.38E Sasai Fossil Forest, Iruma E. Pliocene- (Sasai Fossil Forest Research Fig. shoots and seed River, Saitama Pref., Japan Holocene Group JPN, 1984) cones 29.6-30.1N/ Mogi Flora, Japan. L. Pliocene (Tanai, 1976) Fig. shoots 129.7-129.9E 31.8N/130.4E Koriyama Fm., Kyushu, Japan L. Pliocene- (Hase and Hatanaka, 1984) Pollen assemblage E. Pleistocene 32N/130.6E Nagano Fm., Southern L. Pliocene- (Hase and Hatanaka, 1984) Pollen assemblage 1 Identified as Sequoia japonica by the authors. 2 Identified as Sequoia disticha by the author. 3 Identified as Sequoia japonica by the author. Liu et al. — Appendix page 1 Kyushu, Japan E. Pleistocene 36.00N/140.00E Kanto District, Japan Miocene- (Horiuchi, 1996) Fig. shoots and cones Pliocene 38.08N/140.00E Nagai, Kawanisi-mura, Miocene- (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cones3 Kawanuma-gun,Hukusima Pliocene Pref., Japan 43.25N/143.00E Magari-buti, Soya-gun, Miocene- (Endo, 1936; Schloemer-Jaeger, Fig. seed cone3 Hokkaido, Japan Pliocene 1958)4 43.5N/128.3E Qiuligou, Jilin Prov., China Miocene (Li and Yang, 1984) Fig. shoot 35.27N/136.46E Kitabira, Gifu Pref., Japan Miocene (Takahashi, 1954) Fig. seed cone 39N/126E Hugando, Meisen-gun, Miocene (Endo, 1936) Fig. seed cone3 Kankyo-Hokudo, Korea 42.5N/121.2W Mascall Fm., OR, USA Miocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 44.5N/119W Van Horn’s Ranch, John Day Miocene (Chaney, 1951; Meyer and Fig. shoot Basin, OR, USA Manchester, 1997) 46.3N/123.8W Mascall Flora, OR, USA Miocene (Chaney, 1959) Fig. shoots, seed and pollen cones 47.0N/116.25W Clarkia, ID, USA Miocene (Barr and Gillespie, 1975) Fig. shoots and seed cone 47.33N/120.38W Green Canyon, WA, USA Miocene (Smiley, 1963) Fossil specimens 35.14N/137.06E Seto Group, Aichi and Gifu L. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Pref., Japan 36.4N/139E Itahana and Akima Floras, L. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens Gunma Pref., Japan 37.2N/140.8E Shichiku Flora, Japan L. Miocene (Tanai and Onoe, 1959) Fig. pollen cone 59.64N/151.59W Sea cliffs west of Homer, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 61.32N/151.77W Capps Glacier, Seldovian, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 61.68N/149.13W Core, Seldovian, AK, USA L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens 62.50N/150.95W Cache Ck.. Talkeetna, AK, L. Miocene (Wolfe et al., 1966) Fossil specimens USA 57.5N/134.33E Kootznahoo Inlet, Gulf of AK, M. to L. (Wolfe, 1977) Fossil specimens USA Miocene 44N/122.3W Hidden Lake, OR, USA M. to L. (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens Miocene 45.2N/122.2W Fish Ck., OR, USA M. to L. (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens Miocene 36.1N/139.2E Yagii Flora, Japan M. Miocene (Ozaki, 1991) Fossil specimens 24.94N/121.57E Shihti Fm., Shihting Coal M. Miocene (Canright, 1972) Fig. shoot and seed Field, Taipei cone 46.48N/116.67W Julaetta Whitebird, ID, USA M. Miocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 44.50N/122.3W Cascadia, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.13N/122.5W Molalla, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.18N/122.1W Clackamas River, OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.2N/122.1W Sandstone Ck., OR, USA E. Miocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 45.5N/122.5W Collawash Flora, OR, USA E. Miocene (Nafziger, 1972) Fossil specimens UCMP Collection 51.00N/62.00E Lake Krugloe, Kazakhstan E. Miocene (Zhilin, 1989) Fig. shoots 47N/58E Kutanbulak, Kazakhstan Oligocene (Budantsev, 1959) Fig. shoots and cones 47N/60E Kara-Chokoy Station, Oligocene (Uznadze, 1957) Fig. shoots and seed Uznadze, Kazakhstan cones 40.44N/122.57W Weaverville, CA, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 41.50N/120.25W Warner Mountains, CA, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. seed cone 44.72N/119.75W Butler Basin, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.74N/120.24W Painted Hills, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fig. seed cone 45.18N/113.90W Salmon, ID, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot 45.41N/123.53W Wheeler Co., OR, USA. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 46.52N/114.00W Missoula, MT, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 46N/124W Bridge Ck., OR, USA Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot and seed 48.31N/104.30W Medicine Lodge Ck., MT, Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoot and pollen USA cone Liu et al. — Appendix page 2 63.4N/170.2W Naskok, Lawrence Island, Oligocene (Cridland, 1974) Fig. shoot Bering Straits, AK, USA 44.12N/120.22W Crooked River, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.7N/120.4W Iron Mountain, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 45.01N/120.14W Fossil, OR, USA Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fig. shoot and seed cone 38.16N/140.19E Nishitagawa, Yamagata Pref., Oligocene- (Tanai, 1952) Fig. shoots Japan Miocene 45.25N/112.75W Beaverhead Basins Flora. MT, Oligocene- (Becker, 1969) Fig. shoots and seed USA E. Miocene cones 44.71N/122.85W Scio, OR, USA Oligocene- (Sanborn, 1947) Fig. shoots4 E. Miocene 48N/85E Ashutas Mt., Kazakhstan L. Oligocene (Kryshtofovich et al., 1956) Fig. shoots 56.30N/43.03E Bol'shaya Kirgizka River, L. Oligocene (Gorbunov and Shilkina, 1972) Fig. wood Tomsk, S. Siberia 62.43N/164.43E Bolshaya Kirgizka River, L. Oligocene (Gorbunov and Shilkina, 1972) Fig. wood Russia 42.2N/122.6W Ashland, OR, USA L. Oligocene (Chaney, 1951; Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 44.7N/122.6W Thomas Ck., OR, USA L. Oligocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 44N/123W Willamette Junction, OR, L. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens USA 45.38N/122.03W Gumboot Mountain Flora, L. Oligocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens WA, USA 45.51N/122.45W Ruby, OR, USA L. Oligocene (Becker, 1961) Fig. shoots and cones 44.7N/120.3W Cove Ck., OR USA M. to L. (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens Oligocene 42.50N/118.13W Crooked River Basin, OR, M. Oligocene (Chaney, 1951) Fig. shoots USA 44.12N/120.25W Lost Ck., OR, USA M. Oligocene (Meyer and Manchester, 1997) Fossil specimens 44.7N/122.75W Thomas Ck., OR, USA M. Oligocene (Peck et al., 1964) Fossil specimens 49.2N/123.1W Burrard Fm., British Eocene (Rouse, 1962) Fig. pollen Columbia, Canada 50.4N/121.3W McAbee, British Columbia, Eocene (Wolfe and Wehr, 1987) Fossil specimens Canada 79.92N/89W Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Eocene (Greenwood and Basinger, 1994) Fossil specimens Actic 78.8N/82.6W Site 1, Canadian high Arctic Eocene (Kumagai et al., 1995) Fig. wood 42.15N/74.58W Fraser River, New York, USA Eocene (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens 43.50N/115.50W Democrat Ck., ID, USA Eocene UCMP Collection Fossil specimens 47.38N/116W Cow Ck., ID, USA Eocene (Baksi, 1987) Fossil specimens 48.67N/122.67W Chuckanut Fm., WA, USA Eocene (Pabst, 1968) Fig. shoots 52.20N/121.25W Horsefly Mine and River, Eocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens British Columbia, Canada Oligocene 54.06N/126.06W Francois Lake, British Eocene- (Chaney, 1951) Fossil specimens Columbia, Canada Oligocene 48.22N/119.35W Similkameen Valley, WA Eocene- UCMP Collection Fossil specimens USA Oligocene 46.25N/129.25E Yilan coal mine, Heilongjiang Eocene- (He and Tao, 1994) Fossil specimens Prov., China.