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10 September 2015 Final BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT of LISTED OR PROPOSED for LISTING THREATENED and ENDANGERED WILDLIFE SPECIES Including Critical Habitat

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10 September 2015 Final BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT of LISTED OR PROPOSED for LISTING THREATENED and ENDANGERED WILDLIFE SPECIES Including Critical Habitat 10 September 2015 Final BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING THREATENED AND ENDANGERED WILDLIFE SPECIES Including Critical Habitat For the MARSH PROJECT CRESCENT RANGER DISTRICT DESCHUTES NATIONAL FOREST 10 September 2015 Final 10 September 2015 Final Marsh Project Biological Assessment Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 1 II. Action Area 5 III. Listed Species and Critical Habitat in the Action Area. 5 A. Species Considered 5 1. Pacific Fisher 5 2. Oregon Spotted Frog and proposed Critical Habitat 6 B. Species Not Considered 6 1. Northern Spotted Owl and Critical Habitat 6 2. Gray Wolf 6 IV. Consultation History 6 V. Project Description 7 A. Restoration of Natural Water Flow 9 1. User Created Road/Trail Restoration 9 2. Ditch Treatments 9 3. Culvert Removal 13 4. Instream Wood Placement 13 B. Recreation Rehabilitation/Development 13 1. Dispersed Camping 13 2. Trail Maintenance/Reestablishment 13 3. User-created OHV Trail Restoration 13 4. Access Improvements 13 C. Riparian Vegetation Restoration 14 1. Lodgepole Pine Encroachment Overstory Commercial Harvest 14 2. Lodgepole Pine Encroachment Understory Non-commercial Treatment 14 D. Upland Density Management 15 1. Lodgepole Pine Density Management 15 2. Mixed Conifer Density Management Improvement Thin 15 3. Mixed Conifer Density Management Thin from Below 15 E. Upland Fuels Management 15 1. Pile and Burn 15 2. Pruning 15 3. Small Diameter Thin 15 4. Underburn 16 F. Additional Actions for Resource Protection 16 1. Soil and Water Quality 16 2. Wildlife 17 IV. Listed Species in the Action Area 21 A. Pacific Fisher 21 1. ESA Status 21 2. Ecology 22 3. Habitat 22 4. Threats 23 5. Distribution 27 6. Environmental Baseline 27 7. Proposed Action Direct and Indirect Effects 31 8. Interrelated and Interdependent Effects 35 9. Cumulative Effects 36 10. Rationale for Findings and Determination 36 B. Oregon Spotted Frog 36 1. ESA Status 36 2. Ecology/Habitat 36 i 10 September 2015 Final 3. Threats 37 4. Proposed Critical Habitat 37 5. Distribution 39 6. Environmental Baseline 40 7. Proposed Action Direct and Indirect Effects 53 8. Interrelated and Interdependent Effects 77 9. Cumulative Effects 77 10. Rationale for Findings and Determination 77 References 80 Appendix A Tables 1. Unit Treatments 2. Riparian Treatments in Wetlands details Appendix B Maps 1. Figure 2. Marsh Proposed Action 2. Figure 8. Potential Overwinter habitat within Big Marsh 3. Figure 9. USFWS Delineation of Waterbodies and Wetland in the Marsh Project Area 4. Figure 15. Riparian Treatment Units Location Selection based on 1950s photo o 1959 photo o 2012 photo with treatment units 5. Figure 16. Wet land Delineation from USFWS with Proposed Treatments 6. Figure 17. Oregon Spotted Frog Habitat and Riparian Vegetation Restoration Units 7. Figure 18. Juxtaposition of Aquatic Restoration Actions with Oregon spotted frog breeding and potential overwintering sites. 8. Figure 20. East Ditch Restoration Actions and Locations with Oregon Spotted Frog Habitat and Breeding Locations 9. Figure 21. West Ditch Restoration Actions and Locations with Oregon Spotted Frog Habit and Breeding Locations. ii 10 September 2015 Final BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE MARSH PROJECT I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Biological Assessment (BA) has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of Forest Service Manual (FSM) 2630.3, FSM 2672.4 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Subpart B: 402.12, Section 7 Consultation, as amended) on actions and programs authorized, funded, or carried out by the Forest Service to assess the potential for effects to threatened and endangered species and species proposed for federal listing (FSM 2670.1). A. Location The Marsh project area is located on the Crescent Ranger District of the Deschutes National Forest in Klamath County, Oregon. It encompasses approximately 30,000 acres of the Upper and Lower Big Marsh Creek subwatersheds within the Crescent Creek watershed. It is located in the southwestern portion of the Crescent Ranger District. B. Purpose and Need The purpose of this project is to manage for a suite of ecological and cultural benefits expressed by the public and in the Deschutes National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP), which are distinctive to the Marsh planning area and can be effectively managed by the Forest Service and its partners. There is a need to both address natural and human threats to this current range of benefits being provided and also enhance the ecosystem’s capacity to provide a similar amount and diverse set of benefits in the future. Threats include, but are not limited to: stand-replacing fire, beetle infestations, and unmanaged recreation impacts. The following ecosystem services were identified as a priority by the public and the agency and thus provide the focus for this project: Provisioning Services Hydrology: Maintain and enhance a clean, functioning, free-flowing water source that provides habitat connectivity within Big Marsh and contributes to the hydrologic system of the Deschutes River basin. Matsutake Mushroom Harvesting: Maintain the socially and economically important mushroom harvesting experience through maintenance of high quality mushroom habitat, particularly along the Matsutake Ridge portion of the project area. Forest Products: Provide opportunities for timber harvest, firewood gathering and post and pole harvest to support the local communities and economies of Crescent Lake Junction, Crescent, Gilchrist, and beyond. Supporting Services High Quality Plant and Animal Habitat: Maintain and enhance marsh and upland habitats in the project area for an abundance and diversity of plant and animal species, including species classified as threatened, endangered, or sensitive such as the Oregon spotted frog. Cultural Services High Quality Dispersed Recreation Opportunities: Maintain and enhance the diverse recreation experience unique to the Marsh area (opportunities for hiking, snowmobiling, hunting, fishing, paddling, ATVing, and more), characterized by an accessible, semi-primitive (both motorized and non-motorized) recreation experience that invokes a sense of remoteness. Scenic Views: Restore and enhance the expansive views of both the upland portions of the project area and Big Marsh, returning it to a pre-grazing viewscape. C. Proposed Action The proposed action is the preferred alternative from the Marsh Environmental Analysis (EA), Alternative C, as modified in the Draft Decision dated September 8, 2015. Provisioning Services proposals include hydrological restoration and forest products. Actions to restore natural water flows include: creating breaches and filling in portions of the ditches, creating and connecting Oregon spotted frog overwintering habitat with the rest of the marsh; placing wood along Big Marsh Creek and tributaries, removing 7 culverts, removing a stream crossing and replacing a gate. 1 10 September 2015 Final Provisioning services include forest products that consist of upland fuels and density management. Upland fuels treatments include a variety of different unit treatments on approximately 1,443 acres. The various treatments include pile creation and burning, mowing, pruning, small diameter thinning with underburning and underburning only treatments. Upland density management would commercially thin approximately 445 acres including upland lodgepole pine (171 acres) and mixed conifer (274 acres). Additional treatment to these harvested areas would include small diameter thinning, slash piling and burning. Where stands are ponderosa pine dominated, additional underburning will take place. Firewood removal is included in post-harvest treatments and prior to fuels treatments. Overlapping Provisioning Services are Supporting Services proposals which include riparian vegetation restoration. Riparian vegetation restoration will restore meadow/shrub/marsh habitat and include a combination of commercial and noncommercial removal of encroaching lodgepole pine on approximately 616 acres in and along the margins of Big Marsh. All vegetation treatments are estimated to provide 3.0 Million Board Feet (MMBF) of timber and make 1,595 acres of upland treatment areas available for potential firewood gathering. Cultural Services enhancing the recreational experience of remoteness and solitude includes reducing the size of 15 dispersed campsites, closing and rehabilitating 9 sites, obliterating and restoring 0.5 miles of user-created OHV trail and re-establishing the Big Marsh Nature Trail. Cultural Services also include proposals to increase access to Big Marsh. Access management actions will open up the viewpoint overlooking the marsh on the 5825 road and re-open ½ mile of the 5825-540 road to provide access to the east side of the marsh and the Big Marsh Nature Trail. D. Threatened and Endangered Species 1. Northern Spotted Owl The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) is federally listed as threatened. While the project area contains habitat there would be no overstory treatment associated with the Marsh project within northern spotted owl nesting, roosting or foraging habitat, known northern spotted owl home ranges, or Critical Habitat. There would be approximately 706 acres of overstory treatment associated with northern spotted owl dispersal habitat. All but 223 acres of dispersal habitat would still be functional post-treatment. Since proposed treatments would decrease dispersal habitat, the determination is that implementation of the proposed action “May Effect, but is not Likely to Adversely
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