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Hydrogeologic Investigation of the Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys of Northwestern Arizona: a Project of the Rural Watershed Initiative

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Hydrogeologic Investigation of the Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys of Northwestern Arizona: a Project of the Rural Watershed Initiative Prepared in cooperation with the ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Hydrogeologic Investigation of the Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys of Northwestern Arizona: A Project of the Rural Watershed Initiative 114º ARIZONA 114º30’ Detrital Co Valley lo The Detrital, Hualapai, and r B Mead a d Hualapai Valley Lake L Sacramento Valleys are broad, A o C R K iv intermountain desert basins in Mohave e r Hoover County, northwestern Arizona, and are 36º Dam Sacramento C M Valley o 93 Phoenix O home to residents in the city of Kingman l H o U u r N a a T Detrital and several rural communities (fig. 1). d A l o a I N p Ground water is the primary source of S a i D Valley R e W GARNET MOUNTAIN water in these valleys and is essential for t i r a v i s e t h GRAND a r many economic and cultural activities. l As in many parts of the Western United W E A T a I S Red N L R s H WASH States, population growth in these h L E I Lake W I H V Z Hualapai A valleys is substantial. From 2000 to O C E D N R B CLIFFS A A Valley 2004, the population of Kingman grew A T Tru from 20,100 to 24,600—an increase xton 30’ M O of 22 percent (Arizona Department U N Lake Mohave W T A a of Economic Security, 2005). During I s N 67 h the same time period, the population S of Mohave County increased by 16 percent. Management of the available ground-water resources in these valleys Kingman guided by a comprehensive scientific 68 40 EXPLANATION understanding can help the growing B VALLEY DIVIDE L A C communities to meet their needs in a Bullhead City K WELLS FOR WHICH LOGS sustainable manner. HUALAPAI PEAK ARE AVAILABLE: Less than 10 water levels In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey 35º H M U are available A C O L (USGS) began an investigation of the A U A N A 10 or more water levels R T P L A A I I I hydrogeology of the Detrital, Hualapai, I N are available Z F S O O M WELLS FOR WHICH LOGS and Sacramento Valleys in cooperation R N h O N A s U a N ARE UNAVAILABLE: I T with the Arizona Department of Water W A A I to N Less than 10 water levels Sacramento S Resources (ADWR) as part of the Rural en are available Sacram Watershed Initiative (RWI), a program 40 Valley 10 or more water levels established by the State of Arizona 95 are available and managed by the ADWR. Other M projects in the RWI program include O M H O AV UN E investigations that began in 2005 in the TA INS middle San Pedro Basin and the Willcox 34º30’ Base from U.S. Geological Survey 0 10 MILES and Douglas Basins, and investigations digital data, 1:100,000, 1982 Universal Transverse Mercator that began in 1999 in the Coconino projection, Zone 12 0 10 KILOMETERS Plateau, the Mogollon Highlands, and upper and middle Verde River study Figure 1. Physiography and location of water-level and well-log data for Detrital, Hualapai, and areas (http://az.water.usgs.gov/rwi-ii/). Sacramento Valleys, northwestern Arizona. U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2006–3008 U.S. Geological Survey Printed on recycled paper March 2006 The primary objective of this investigation is to improve the understanding of the hydrogeologic systems of Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys. This will be accomplished by: 1. Assessing the current knowledge of the ground-water flow system and existing data-collection networks, and identifying additional data needs. 2. Improving the understanding of the extent and lithology of geologic units and structures, and their relation to the storage and movement of ground water. 3. Improving the understanding of ground-water movement and the Figure 2. Desert vegetation and municipal development of the city of Kingman in Hualapai Valley. estimates for ground-water budget terms, including recharge, discharge, and total desert vegetation (fig. 2) owing to the barriers to ground-water movement in the water in storage. hot temperatures and little precipitation. basin-fill aquifer. The Grand Wash Cliffs Shrubs and trees cover mountain slopes 4. Evaluating the ground-water quality along the eastern margin of the Hualapai and peaks in the higher elevations where for key water uses. Valley consist of Paleozoic sedimentary temperatures are cooler and precipitation rocks that extend eastward and mark the 5. Establishing a hydrologic-monitoring is greater. Annual precipitation in the boundary between the Colorado Plateau network to detect and characterize mountains ranges from about 10 to 15 in. and Basin and Range Physiographic changes in aquifer conditions. Provinces (Gillespie and Bentley, 1971). Geology The structural basins of the Detrital, 6. Informing the hydrologic community Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys and valley residents about hydrologic The structural basins of Detrital, contain basin fill (fig. 3) that ranges conditions. Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys were in thickness from a veneer along the formed during the Basin and Range mountain fronts to more than 5,000 ft Physical Setting disturbance, in which mountain ranges in parts of each valley (Freethey and and basins were formed on adjacent others, 1986; fig. 4). The basin fill is The Detrital, Hualapai, and sides of high-angle normal faults divided into older, intermediate, and Sacramento Valleys are three distinct (fig. 3). The bedrock of the mountains younger hydrogeologic units (Gillespie northwest-southeast trending alluvial that separate the valleys consists of and Bentley, 1971). Older basin fill is basins in the Basin and Range granitic, metamorphic, sedimentary, and stratigraphically the oldest and deepest Physiographic Province. The valley volcanic rocks (fig. 4). In most areas, deposit, and consists of moderately floors of Detrital and Hualapai Valleys the bedrock is relatively impermeable consolidated fragments of rocks eroded generally slope downward to the north, compared to the basin fill and forms from the surrounding mountains in a and the valley floor of Sacramento Valley generally slopes downward to the south. Valley floor elevations range from BASIN FILL, 10 TO 25 MILES Change in pattern implies gradation in about 3,500 ft near Kingman to about unconsolidated material from coarse 500 ft at the mouth of Sacramento Wash. grained to fine grained toward the basin center Mountain crests rise as much as 5,500 Younger ft above valley floors, and the highest basin fill mountain in the study area is Hualapai Intermediate Peak at 8,417 ft. basin fill Mudstone and The climate of the valleys is arid to evaporite deposits 6,000 FEET semiarid with hot summers and mild Bedrock of the winters. Maximum daily temperatures mountains Older basin fill in the valley floors typically are between Pre-Basin and Range sediments 90 and 110ºF during the summer, and FAULT—Arrows indicate between 50 and 70ºF during the winter direction of movement (Western Regional Climate Center, 2005). VERTICAL SCALE GREATLY EXAGGERATED Annual precipitation on the valley floors ranges from about 5 to 10 in. Valley Figure 3. Generalized hydrogeologic section of the Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys floors generally are covered with sparse (modified from Anderson and others, 1992). silty-clay or sandy matrix. The grain size 114º decreases from pebble- and boulder-size 114º30’ Co lo fragments in the fanglomerate near the Mead r a Lake d mountains to coarse sand and interbedded o Riv e r clay and silt in the basin center. Each Hoover 36º Dam E valley has large areas of older basin C o l fill where more than 55 percent of the o r a sediments are fine grained (Freethey d o and others, 1986; fig. 4). In the northern EXPLANATION BASIN FILL parts of Hualapai and Detrital Valleys, R i v e Detrital GRANITIC ROCKS massive evaporite deposits occur in the r METAMORPHIC ROCKS older basin fill (Gillespie and Bentley, Valley A VOLCANIC ROCKS N 1971; Laney, 1979; Freethey and others, R E I SEDIMENTARY ROCKS V Z A 1986; fig. 4). The composition of the O D N 5 E 5 APPROXIMATE EXTENT OF A intermediate basin fill is similar to that of A 80-100 PERCENT FINE- the older basin fill, and the intermediate GRAINED FACIES OF THE 30’ 1 OLDER BASIN FILL— basin fill also becomes finer grained Generally contains 80 to Lake Mohave towards the basin center; however, the 1 100 percent material that Hualapai Valley is less than 0.0625 thickness of the intermediate basin fill is millimeters in diameter on the order of a few hundred feet rather 5 APPROXIMATE EXTENT OF than a few thousand feet. Thickness of 55-80 PERCENT FINE- GRAINED FACIES OF THE the younger basin fill, which consists of OLDER BASIN FILL— Holocene piedmont, stream, and playa 1 Generally contains 55 to Kingman 80 percent material that is deposits, is also less than that of the older less than 0.0625 millimeters basin fill. In the northern parts of Detrital in diameter and Hualapai Valleys, the basin fill also Bullhead City E EVAPORITES—Indicate the presence of extensively 1 includes clastic sediments, limestone, interbedded evaporites 35º or massive evaporite and basalt flows of the Muddy Creek and C A A deposits R Chemehueve Formations (Laney, 1979). L I I 1 GENERALIZED LINE OF Z F O O EQUAL DEPTH TO BED- R N Hydrology and Water Use N A ROCK—Shows approxi- I Sacramento A mate depth to bedrock Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valley below land surface, in thousands of feet.
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